專插本非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

1、專專 插插 本本 英語(yǔ)重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法講解英語(yǔ)重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法講解陸老師陸老師手機(jī)：手機(jī) 公共郵箱：公共郵箱： zcbenglish 密碼密碼 english 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞定義：定義：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是指在句子中不是謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是指在句子中不是謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞，主要包括不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞（現(xiàn)在分詞主要包括不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞（現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞），即動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式。和過(guò)去分詞），即動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式。 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也是動(dòng)詞的一種，他們有著動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也是動(dòng)詞的一種，他們有著動(dòng)詞的其他特點(diǎn)，可以充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等的其他特點(diǎn)，可以充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等 (一一).動(dòng)詞不定式做

2、主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式做主語(yǔ)肯定式：（to）+ do，起到名詞、形容詞、副詞的作用。否定式：not +to do表示無(wú)時(shí)間性的事實(shí)或某次具體行動(dòng)某次具體行動(dòng)視為單數(shù)。但to do and to do視為復(fù)數(shù)。To study English is important. Not to study English is a pity.For him to study English is important.How to study English is also important. To see is to believe. To swim is interesting.To clean the ro

3、om is your work tomorrow. 不可用cleaning. 一一. 動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞的主要功能動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞的主要功能 動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)：動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)：肯定式：動(dòng)詞原形+ing否定式：not+動(dòng)詞原形+ing1)做主語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ)表示無(wú)時(shí)間性的事實(shí)或經(jīng)常性經(jīng)常性的行為，視為單數(shù)。但doing.and doing視為復(fù)數(shù)。Studying English is important. Not studying English is a pity.His studying English is important.Seeing is believing. Swimming is int

4、eresting.Teaching English is my work all the year around.不用to teach , talking with friendly people, and having Friday off these are just some things I like about college. 2007 26 A. Studied by myself B In person C. On my own D. Being on my own不定式表達(dá)的是：不定式表達(dá)的是： 目的，結(jié)果，原因，具體，一次性，將發(fā)生的動(dòng)名詞表達(dá)的是：動(dòng)名詞表達(dá)的是： 狀態(tài)，

5、性質(zhì)，心境，抽象，經(jīng)常性，已發(fā)生的不定式與動(dòng)名詞區(qū)別不定式與動(dòng)名詞區(qū)別 2）There be no doing 結(jié)構(gòu)：結(jié)構(gòu)：There is no ( telling, knowing, saying, joking, denying.)There is no joking about itThere is no telling about itThere is no denying the fact此事無(wú)可置否 Once he starts talking about ancient China, . 2013-28 A.there is no stopping of him B.he is

6、 not stopped C.there is no stopping him D.it is no stopping him不定式短語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，往往用不定式短語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，往往用it做形式主語(yǔ)，而把真正的主做形式主語(yǔ)，而把真正的主語(yǔ)語(yǔ)不定式置后：不定式置后：1）It is +adj+to do(not to do) . 如有邏輯主語(yǔ)用for.It is important to study English.2) It is +n+ to do (not to do) 如有邏輯主語(yǔ)用forIt is a waste to play online game.3) It is +adj(人的品格人的

7、品格)+of sb+to do.It is very kind of you to give me the book.注意：注意：不定式在疑問(wèn)句或感嘆句中做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，必須用it做形式主語(yǔ)。Is it difficult to learn English?What a pity it is to reject his help! The chair looks rather hard, but in fact, it is very comfortable .(2004-43) A to sit B to sit on C to be sat D to be sat on動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，在某些結(jié)構(gòu)

8、中，也可用it做形式主語(yǔ)，而把真正的主語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞置后。 It is no use +doing. It is no good+ doing.這兩個(gè)句型都不能用 to doIt is no use buying the bookIt is no good buying the bookIt is no use your buying the book.名詞或物主代詞 his, Mr Greens(二二). 不定式做賓語(yǔ)不定式做賓語(yǔ)1)有些及物動(dòng)詞常用不定式做賓語(yǔ)：decide, wish, hope, want, ask, need, expect, agree, refuse, prepare,

9、 choose, hateI decided to buy the book.I decide whether (how, which,what)to buy the book.2)know(consider)+疑問(wèn)詞+to do.I know how to solve the problem.3) help(to)doI can help( to) clean the house. .動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ):1) 以下及物動(dòng)詞常用動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)，不能用不定式做賓語(yǔ)。finish, enjoy, cant help, avoid, mind, deny, consider, permit, a

10、llow,suggest , feel like,practise 等。I enjoy seeing you and talking about life.2）Would you mind+doingWould you mind opening the window.3) need(requaire, want)+doing=+to be done(不用不用want to be done)Your shirt needs washing.Your shirt needs need to be washed. 4. He stopped _ last week and feels much be

11、tter now. 2006 A. smoking B. smoked C. smokes D. smoke 3. I remembered the door before I left the house.2008 A. locking B. lock C. to lock D. locked John suggested anything about it until they found out more facts. 2011-23 A not to say B. not say C to say not D not saying 動(dòng)名詞做介詞賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞做介詞賓語(yǔ): 動(dòng)名詞也可以做介詞

12、的賓語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)，在句中做定定語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。On arriving in Beijing, he was ill. 動(dòng)作必須是主語(yǔ)動(dòng)作必須是主語(yǔ)he 發(fā)出的發(fā)出的。He left without saying a word. Mans dream of flying in space has come true. Catherine has never dreamed of abroad. 2012- 26. A. having sent B. to be sent C. being sent D. to send .(三三).不定式做賓補(bǔ)不定式做賓補(bǔ): 及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞+

13、賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)+to do(not to do)1) 有些及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)后面后常有不定式做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)，這樣表達(dá)意義才能完整。 advise, allow, permit, ask, tell, beg, request, require, believe, cause, want, consider, suppose, persuade, wish(希望，不可用hope代替)I told him to smoke outside.I wish him to buy the book. (不可改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))2）help+賓語(yǔ)+(to) do; (not to )do (不能改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))

14、I help him to pass the exam.小貼士：動(dòng)名詞小貼士：動(dòng)名詞 一般不做賓補(bǔ)，但現(xiàn)在分詞可以做賓語(yǔ)。一般不做賓補(bǔ)，但現(xiàn)在分詞可以做賓語(yǔ)。 44. We still have many problems before we can produce atomic cars. 2004A. overcomingB. having overcomeC. to overcomeD. To have overcome Mrs Brown is supposed for Italy last week. 2010-29 A to have left B to be leaving C

15、to leave D to have been left3）使役動(dòng)詞：make have, let. 感覺(jué)動(dòng)詞：see, hear, watch, notice, feel, observe +賓語(yǔ)+不帶to 的不定式，表示此動(dòng)作已做過(guò)。I made him clean the room.在主動(dòng)句中不帶to ,在被動(dòng)句中帶to.4) 下列動(dòng)詞只能用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)下列動(dòng)詞只能用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)wish, help, have, let, want, like, get(使得), preferI let him come to see me.5) say ,report 只能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)只能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)Sb, st

16、h+ be said +to doHe is said to have passed the exam.(四四). 不定式做表語(yǔ)不定式做表語(yǔ):1)主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容=to do.的內(nèi)容的內(nèi)容His attempt is to attract her eyes.To live is to do something worthwhile. 2）主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容不等于）主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容不等于to do 的內(nèi)容的內(nèi)容We are to build a bridge here. 小貼士：小貼士：be to do sth: 表示將要做什么，應(yīng)該要做什么。動(dòng)名詞做表語(yǔ)：動(dòng)名詞做表語(yǔ)：表示無(wú)時(shí)間性的事實(shí)或經(jīng)常性的行為，

17、而且是主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容1）表示無(wú)時(shí)間性的事實(shí)Seeing is believing2) 表示經(jīng)常性的行為My work is teaching English in this university at present.(五五). 不定式做定語(yǔ)不定式做定語(yǔ):1) 不定式做定語(yǔ)時(shí)必須放在被修飾的名詞或代詞之后不定式做定語(yǔ)時(shí)必須放在被修飾的名詞或代詞之后I am the only one to look after my son.2)不定式常用來(lái)修飾表示抽象概念的名詞不定式常用來(lái)修飾表示抽象概念的名詞way, chance, attempt, courage, motive, decision, ide

18、a, aim. confidence, abilityI know the way to solve the problem.例外：I have difficulty( in) solving the problem.I have a lot of trouble( in) controlling the situation.I have much experience in(of) teaching English. 27. Do you think theres anything _ of in having no money? 2006 A. ashamed B. ashaming C.

19、 being ashamed D. to be ashamed 動(dòng)名詞做定語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞做定語(yǔ):1）做定語(yǔ)的名詞與被修飾詞共同構(gòu)成一個(gè)名詞）做定語(yǔ)的名詞與被修飾詞共同構(gòu)成一個(gè)名詞swimming pool, booking office, reading-room, drinking water2) 動(dòng)名詞之前可加名詞，表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象動(dòng)名詞之前可加名詞，表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象Food packaging material 食品包裝材料Oil feeding system 供油系統(tǒng)3）動(dòng)名詞之前可加名詞，表示行為方式）動(dòng)名詞之前可加名詞，表示行為方式Hand booking office 手工售票處(六六).

20、 不定式做狀語(yǔ)不定式做狀語(yǔ): （動(dòng)名詞不做狀語(yǔ)（動(dòng)名詞不做狀語(yǔ))1）不定式做目的狀語(yǔ)）不定式做目的狀語(yǔ) , 既可放句首，也可放句中。既可放句首，也可放句中。帶目的狀語(yǔ)的句子，其主語(yǔ)應(yīng)是人，或隱含著某人的目的。He studies hard to pass the exam.To pass the exam, he studied hard.2) In order to do in order not to do 可句首，句中He studies hard in order to pass the exam.so as to do so.as to do只放句中只放句中He studies ha

21、rd so as to pass the exam. the project, well have to work two more weeks. 2012-22 A Completing B. Complete C. Having completed D. To complete3) 不定式做結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)不定式做結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)人們希望會(huì)產(chǎn)生或必然的結(jié)果Wood burns in air to form CO2He is so lazy as not to pass the exam.表示事與愿違的結(jié)果： only to doHe spoke much only to show his ignoranc

22、e.4) 不定式做原因狀語(yǔ)不定式做原因狀語(yǔ)We shall be very happy to meet each other again.(七七). 不定式做主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)不定式做主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):上述帶有賓語(yǔ)及賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，原賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，原賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。不定式做主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，即使在使役動(dòng)詞或感官動(dòng)詞如have ,make, hear,see等動(dòng)詞后， 不定式的to 也不能省略。He was asked to make a speech at the meeting.Someone was heard to come up the stairs. 二二.不定式的時(shí)態(tài)

23、不定式的時(shí)態(tài) 1. 不定式的一般式不定式的一般式to +動(dòng)詞原形, 表示動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作是同時(shí)發(fā)生或是在其后發(fā)生。She was seen to enter the hall.（be seen與to enter兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生）I have some news to tell you . （to tell動(dòng)作發(fā)生在have之后）2）不定式的進(jìn)行式）不定式的進(jìn)行式To be+現(xiàn)在分詞，表示動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作是同時(shí)發(fā)生的，而且正在進(jìn)行。They seem to be getting along quite well.he wants to be dressing.3) 不定式的完成式不定式的完成式to have +過(guò)去分詞，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之前。I am sorry to have kept you waiting.She seems to have read the book before.A Dream of the Red Mansion is said intodozens of languages in the last decade.2011-30A. to translateB. to have translatedC. to be translatedD