計(jì)算機(jī)專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)教程第5版翻譯 Microsoft W

1、1We have learned that all computers have similar capabilities and perform essentially the same functions, although some might be faster than others. We have also learned that a computer system has input, output, storage, and processing components; that the processor is the “intelligence” of a comput

2、er system; and that a single computer system may have several processors. We have discussed how data are represented inside a computer system in electronic states called bits. We are now ready to expose the inner workings of the nucleus of the computer system the processor. 我們已經(jīng)知道，所有的計(jì)算機(jī)都具有相似的能力，并且在

3、本質(zhì)上執(zhí)行相同的功能，盡管一些可能會(huì)比另一些快一點(diǎn)。我們也知道，一個(gè)計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)具有輸入，輸出，存儲(chǔ)和處理部件；處理器是一個(gè)計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)智能核心，并且一個(gè)計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)可以有許多個(gè)處理器。我們已經(jīng)討論過(guò)如何在計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部，用被稱(chēng)作“位”的電子狀態(tài)來(lái)表現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)，現(xiàn)在我們要弄明白計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)的核心，即處理器，的內(nèi)在的工作方式。The internal operation of a computer is interesting, but there really is no mystery to it. The mystery is in the minds of those who listen to h

4、earsay and believe science-fiction writer. The computer is a nonthinking electronic device that has to be plugged into an electrical power source, just like a toaster or a lamp.計(jì)算機(jī)的內(nèi)部操作很有意思，但確實(shí)沒(méi)有什么神秘可言。所謂的神秘只是存在于那些聽(tīng)信傳聞和相信科幻小說(shuō)作家的人的意識(shí)中。計(jì)算機(jī)就是一種沒(méi)有思想的需要接通電源的電子設(shè)備而已，與烤面包機(jī)和臺(tái)燈差不多。Literally hundreds of differ

5、ent types of computers are marketed by scores of manufacturers 1. The complexity of each type may vary considerably, but in the end each processor, sometimes called the central processing unit or CPU, has only two fundamental sections: the control unit and the arithmetic and logic unit. Primary stor

6、age also plays an integral part in the internal operation of a processor. These three primary storage, the control unit, and the arithmetic and logic unit work together. Lets look at their functions and the relationships between them.不加夸張地講，市場(chǎng)上有幾百種不同類(lèi)型的計(jì)算機(jī)在銷(xiāo)售.每種電腦在復(fù)雜性上可能有很大區(qū)別，但歸根結(jié)底,每種處理器，有時(shí)稱(chēng)為中央處理器即c

7、pu，只有兩個(gè)基本部分:控制單元和計(jì)算邏輯單元.主內(nèi)存在處理器內(nèi)部操作中也是一個(gè)不可缺少的部分.這三個(gè)部件-主內(nèi)存，控制單元和計(jì)算邏輯單元-一起工作.然我們看看它們(各自的)功能和它們之間的聯(lián)系。 Unlike magnetic secondary storage devices, such as tape and disk, primary storage has no moving parts. With no mechanical movement, data can be accessed from primary storage at electronic speeds, or cl

8、ose to the speed of light. Most of todays computers use DRAM (Dynamic Random-Access Memory) technology for primary storage. A state-of-the-art DRAM chip about one eighth the size of a postage stamp can store about 256,000,000 bits, or over 25,600,000 characters of data!主存與其他的輔助存儲(chǔ)器（如：磁帶、硬盤(pán)）不一樣的是，主存不含

9、有運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)部件。由于沒(méi)有機(jī)械運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的需要，主存種數(shù)據(jù)訪(fǎng)問(wèn)可以達(dá)到電子的速度，或接近于光速。當(dāng)今計(jì)算機(jī)的主存大多數(shù)使用DRAM（動(dòng)態(tài)隨機(jī)存取存儲(chǔ)器）技術(shù)。目前最新的工藝水平是：一塊只有大約1/8張郵票大小的DRAM芯片卻可以存儲(chǔ)大約256,000,000位，約25,6000,000個(gè)字符的數(shù)據(jù)。Primary storage, or main memory, provides the processor with temporary storage for programs and data. All programs and data must be transferred to primary s

10、torage from an input device (such as a VDT) or from secondary storage (such as a disk) before programs can be executed or data can be processed. Primary storage space is always at a premium; therefore, after a program has been executed, the storage space it occupied is reallocated to another program

11、 awaiting execution.主存儲(chǔ)器，也就是說(shuō)內(nèi)存，用于為處理器暫時(shí)存放程序和數(shù)據(jù)。所有的程序和數(shù)據(jù)在被操作之前必須從輸入設(shè)備（如VDT）或者輔助存儲(chǔ)器轉(zhuǎn)存到主存儲(chǔ)器中。主存儲(chǔ)器存儲(chǔ)容量通常是相當(dāng)有限的，因此，在一個(gè)程序執(zhí)行結(jié)束，它所占用的存儲(chǔ)空間必須被重新分配給其它正在等待執(zhí)行操作的程序。Figure 1-1 illustrates how all input/output (I/O) is “read to” or “written from” primary storage. In the figure, an inquiry (input) is made on a VDT

12、. The inquiry, in the form of a message, is routed to primary storage over a channel (such as a coaxial cable). The message is interpreted, and the processor initiates action to retrieve the appropriate program and data from secondary storage 3.The program and data are “l(fā)oaded”, or moves, to primary

13、 storage from secondary storage. This is a nondestructive read process. That is, the program and data that are read reside in both primary storage (temporarily) and secondary storage (permanently). The data are manipulated according to program instructions, and a report is written from primary stora

14、ge to a printer.圖 1-1描述了輸入/輸出設(shè)備與主存儲(chǔ)器間的讀和寫(xiě)過(guò)程。在圖中，VDT發(fā)出一個(gè)輸入請(qǐng)求，請(qǐng)求是以消息模式通過(guò)通道（如同軸電纜）發(fā)送到主存儲(chǔ)器。這個(gè)查詢(xún)被解釋?zhuān)幚砥靼l(fā)起操作從輔助存儲(chǔ)器中調(diào)用合適的程序和數(shù)據(jù)。程序和數(shù)據(jù)從輔助存儲(chǔ)器傳送到主存儲(chǔ)器中，這是一個(gè)非破壞性的讀取過(guò)程，也就是說(shuō)，程序和數(shù)據(jù)同時(shí)存在于主存（臨時(shí)保存）和輔助存儲(chǔ)器（永久保存）中。根據(jù)程序指令的指示，處理器對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行操作，并從主存?zhèn)魉鸵环輬?bào)告到打印機(jī)。A program instruction or a piece of data is stored in a specific primary

15、storage location called an address. Addresses permit program instructions and data to be located, accessed, and processed. The content of each address is constantly changing as different programs are executed and new data are processed.程序指令和數(shù)據(jù)是存儲(chǔ)在主存中一個(gè)特殊的位置，稱(chēng)為地址空間。通過(guò)地址空間可以實(shí)現(xiàn)計(jì)算機(jī)對(duì)程序指令和數(shù)據(jù)的定位、訪(fǎng)問(wèn)和處理。地址空間

16、的內(nèi)容是經(jīng)常變化的，這是由于計(jì)算機(jī)一直在執(zhí)行不同的程序和數(shù)據(jù)。Another name for primary storage is random-access memory, or RAM. A special type of primary storage, called read-only memory (ROM), cannot be altered by the programmer. The contents of ROM are “hard-wired” (designed into the logic of the memory chip) by the manufacture

17、r and can be “read only”. When you turn on a microcomputer system, a program in ROM automatically readies the computer system for use. Then the ROM program produces the initial display screen prompt.主存儲(chǔ)器也稱(chēng)為隨機(jī)存取存儲(chǔ)器，或RAM。還有一種特殊的主存儲(chǔ)器，稱(chēng)為只讀存儲(chǔ)器（ROM），這種存儲(chǔ)器不能被程序更改存放的內(nèi)容。ROM的內(nèi)容是被生產(chǎn)商通過(guò)硬件電路寫(xiě)入的，并且不能被重寫(xiě)。當(dāng)你啟動(dòng)計(jì)算機(jī)，R

18、OM中的一個(gè)程序會(huì)自動(dòng)就緒等待計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)的調(diào)用，然后在顯示器中顯示開(kāi)機(jī)提示。A variation of ROM is programmable read-only memory (PROM). PROM is ROM into which you, the user, can load “read-only” programs and data. Once a program is loaded to PROM, it is seldom, if ever, changed 4. However, if you need to be able to revise the contents o

19、f PROM, there is EPROM, erasable PROM. Before a write operation, all the storage cells must be erased to the same initial state.可編程只讀存儲(chǔ)器（PROM）是另一種ROM，它可以載入只讀的程序和數(shù)據(jù)，一旦載入，將不再改變。然而，若果你需要去修正PROM的內(nèi)容，可以使用可擦可編程只讀存儲(chǔ)器。EPROM在進(jìn)行一次寫(xiě)操作之前，所有的存儲(chǔ)單元必須被還原為同一初始狀態(tài)。A more attractive form of read-mostly memory is electri

20、cally erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM). It can be written into at any time without erasing prior contents; only the byte or bytes addressed are updated.一種更吸引人的可改寫(xiě)只讀存儲(chǔ)器是電可擦除可編程只讀存儲(chǔ)器 (EEPROM)。它可以在任何時(shí)候?qū)懭耄也粫?huì)擦除以前的內(nèi)容；只會(huì)更新被尋址的字節(jié)。The EEPROM combines the advantage of nonvolatility with the f

21、lexibility of being updatable in place 6, using ordinary bus control, address, and data lines.電可擦可編程存儲(chǔ)器把非易失性?xún)?yōu)點(diǎn)和可更新、需要更新的地方的靈活性結(jié)合起來(lái)，修改時(shí)使用普通的總線(xiàn)控制線(xiàn)、地址線(xiàn)和數(shù)據(jù)線(xiàn)。Another form of semiconductor memory is flash memory (so named because of the speed). Flash memory is intermediate between EPROM and EEPROM in both

22、 cost and functionality. Like EEPROM, flash memory uses an electrical erasing technology. An entire flash memory can be erased in one or a few seconds, which is much faster than EPROM. In addition, it is possible to erase just blocks of memory rather than an entire chip. However, flash memory does n

23、ot provide byte-level erasure 7. Like EPROM, flash memory uses only one transistor per bit, and so achieves the high density of EPROM.另一種半導(dǎo)體記憶體是閃存（意味著速度快）。閃存在性?xún)r(jià)比上處于EPROM和EEPROM之間，它使用電擦寫(xiě)技術(shù)。整個(gè)閃存的內(nèi)容可以在一到幾秒內(nèi)被清除，這是遠(yuǎn)快于EPROM的。另外，它還可以對(duì)部分記憶塊而不是整個(gè)存儲(chǔ)器進(jìn)行清除。然而，閃存并不提供字節(jié)級(jí)的擦除。像EPROM，閃存只使用一個(gè)晶體管每比特，因此可以實(shí)現(xiàn)高密度的EPROM。Ca

24、che MemoryProgram and data are loaded to RAM from secondary storage because the time required to access a program instruction or piece of data from RAM is significantly less than from secondary storage. Thousands of instructions or pieces of data can be accessed from RAM in the time it would take to

25、 access a single piece of data from disk storage 8. RAM is essentially a high-speed holding area for data and programs. In fact, nothing really happens in a computer system until the program instructions and data are moved to the processor. This transfer of instructions and data to the processor can

26、 be time-consuming, even at microsecond speeds. To facilitate an even faster transfer of instructions and data to the processor, most computers are designed with cache memory. Cache memory is employed by computer designers to increase the computer system throughput (the rate at which work is perform

27、ed).程序和數(shù)據(jù)從輔助存儲(chǔ)器裝載到RAM中是因?yàn)閷?duì)RAM中的程序指令和數(shù)據(jù)的訪(fǎng)問(wèn)時(shí)間要明顯的少于從輔助存儲(chǔ)器訪(fǎng)問(wèn)。數(shù)以千條的指令和數(shù)據(jù)能被訪(fǎng)問(wèn)而只需花費(fèi)從硬盤(pán)訪(fǎng)問(wèn)一次數(shù)據(jù)的時(shí)間。RAM是數(shù)據(jù)和程序的重要的高速存放區(qū)，事實(shí)上，計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)不會(huì)進(jìn)行任何操作直到程序指令被傳入處理器進(jìn)行執(zhí)行，這種指令和數(shù)據(jù)的傳輸是需要花費(fèi)時(shí)間的，即使傳輸速度已經(jīng)是以納秒來(lái)計(jì)算了。為了能更快速的傳輸指令和數(shù)據(jù)，大多數(shù)計(jì)算機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)使用高速緩存。計(jì)算機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)者使用高速緩存來(lái)提高計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)的總處理能力（工作效率）。Like RAM, cache is a high-speed holding area for program i

28、nstructions and data. However, cache memory uses SRAM (Static RAM) technology that is about 10 times faster than RAM and about 100 times more expensive. With only a fraction of the capacity of RAM, cache memory holds only those instructions and data that are likely to be needed next by the processor

29、. Two types of cache memory appear widely in computers. The first is referred to as internal cache and is built into the CPU chip. The second, external cache, is located on chips placed close to the CPU chip. A computer can have several different levels of cache memory. Level 1 cache is virtually al

30、ways built into the chip. Level 2 cache used to be external cache but is now typically also built into the CPU like level 1 cache.和RAM一樣，高速緩存也是程序指令和數(shù)據(jù)的高速存儲(chǔ)區(qū)。然而，高速緩存使用靜態(tài)RAM技術(shù)，這種技術(shù)比RAM在速度上要高出10倍，價(jià)格上高出100倍。cache只保存內(nèi)存中那一小部分最有可能被處理器執(zhí)行的指令和數(shù)據(jù)。兩種類(lèi)型的cache廣泛應(yīng)用于計(jì)算機(jī)，第一種被植入cpu中的叫做內(nèi)部高速存儲(chǔ)，第二種是外部高速存儲(chǔ)，它位于那些靠近c(diǎn)pu的芯片中

31、。一臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)可以擁有幾個(gè)不同級(jí)別的高速緩存。一級(jí)緩存實(shí)際上總是植入芯片中，二級(jí)緩存過(guò)去常常作為外部高速緩存，但是現(xiàn)在也像一級(jí)緩存植入cpu內(nèi)部。2.1Optical laser disk technology eventually may make magnetic-disk and magnetic tape storage obsolete. With this technology, the read/write head used in magnetic storage is replaced by two lasers. One laser beam writes to the re

32、cording surface by scoring microscopic pits in the disk, and another laser reads the data from the light-sensitive recording surface. A light beam is easily deflected to the desired place on the optical disk, so an access arm is not needed.光盤(pán)技術(shù)最終可能使磁盤(pán)和磁帶存儲(chǔ)淘汰。用這種技術(shù)，磁存儲(chǔ)器所用的讀/寫(xiě)頭被兩束激光代替。一束激光通過(guò)在光盤(pán)上刻制微小的凹

33、點(diǎn)，對(duì)記錄表面進(jìn)行寫(xiě)；而另一束激光用來(lái)從光敏感的記錄表面讀取數(shù)據(jù)。由于光束容易被偏轉(zhuǎn)到光盤(pán)上所需要的位置，所以不需要存取臂。Optical laser disks are becoming a very inviting option for users. They are less sensitive to environmental fluctuations, and they provide more direct-access storage at a cost that is much less per megabyte of storage than the magnetic-di

34、sk alternative. Optical laser disk technology is still emerging and has yet to stabilize; however, at present there are three main categories of optical laser disks. They are CD-ROM, recordable CD-R and rewritable CD-RW, and magneto-optical disk.對(duì)用戶(hù)而言，光盤(pán)正成為最有吸引力的選擇。它們(光盤(pán))對(duì)環(huán)境變化不太敏感，并且它們以每兆字節(jié)比磁盤(pán)低得多的存儲(chǔ)

35、器價(jià)格提供更多的直接存取存儲(chǔ)器。光盤(pán)技術(shù)仍在出現(xiàn)，并且還需要穩(wěn)定；然而，目前有三種主要類(lèi)型的光盤(pán)。它們是CD-ROM、WORM盤(pán)和磁光盤(pán)。CD-ROMIntroduced in 1980, the extraordinarily successful CD, or compact disk, is an optical laser disk designed to enhance the recorded reproduction of music. To make a CD recording, the analog sounds of music are translated into t

36、heir digital equivalents and stored on a 4.72-inch optical laser disk. Seventy-four minutes of music can be recorded on each disk in digital format by 2 billion digital bits. With its tremendous storage capacity, computer-industry entrepreneurs immediately recognized the potential of optical laser d

37、isk technology. In effect, anything that can be digitized can be stored on optical laser disk: data, text, voice, still pictures, music, graphics, and video.1980年引入的，非常成功的CD，或緊密盤(pán)是設(shè)計(jì)來(lái)提高音樂(lè)的錄音重放質(zhì)量的光盤(pán)。為了制作一張CD，把音樂(lè)的模擬聲音轉(zhuǎn)換成等價(jià)的數(shù)字聲音，并且存儲(chǔ)在一張4.72英寸的光盤(pán)上。在每張光盤(pán)上可以用數(shù)字格式（用20億數(shù)字位）記錄74分鐘的音樂(lè)。因?yàn)樗木薮蟠鎯?chǔ)容量，計(jì)算機(jī)工業(yè)的企業(yè)家們立刻認(rèn)識(shí)

38、到光盤(pán)技術(shù)的潛力。事實(shí)上，任何可以被數(shù)字化的東西都能存儲(chǔ)在光盤(pán)上：數(shù)據(jù)、正文、聲音、靜止圖象、音樂(lè)、圖形和視頻。CD-ROM(pronounced cee-dee-ROM) is a spinoff of audio CD technology. CD-ROM stand for compact disk-read only memory. The name implies its application. CD-ROM disks, like long-playing record albums, are “pressed” at the factory and distributed wi

39、th their prerecorded contents(for example, the complete works of Shakespeare or the first 30 minutes of Gone with the wind). Once inserted into the disk drive, the text, video images, and so on can be read into primary storage for processing or display; however, the data on the disk are fixedthey ca

40、nnot be altered. This is in contrast, of course, to the read/write capability of magnetic disks.CD-ROM（讀作CDROM）是音頻CD技術(shù)的副產(chǎn)品。CD-ROM代表緊密盤(pán)只讀存儲(chǔ)器。該名字隱含了它的應(yīng)用。只讀光盤(pán)與 (能長(zhǎng)期播放的) 唱片一樣，在工廠(chǎng)里“壓制”并帶著預(yù)先錄好的內(nèi)容 (如莎士比亞全集，或電影“飄”的前30分鐘部分)，分發(fā)出去。一旦光盤(pán)插入光盤(pán)驅(qū)動(dòng)器，正文、視頻圖像等等就能讀入主存進(jìn)行處理或顯示；然而，在只讀光盤(pán)上的數(shù)據(jù)是固定的它們不能被改變。當(dāng)然，這是與磁盤(pán)的讀/寫(xiě)能力不同的。The

41、 tremendous amount of low-cost dir-access storage made possible by optical laser disks has opened the door to many new applications.大量的、低成本直接存取存儲(chǔ)器（是光盤(pán)使之成為可能）已經(jīng)打開(kāi)了通向許多新應(yīng)用的大門(mén)。CD-R AND CD-RWCD-R and CD-RW both allow user to store data on compact discs, but only data on rewriteable CDs can be erased and

42、 overwritten. CD-R discs can only be written to once. Both types of discs look very similar to CD-ROM discs. Recordable CDs are commonly used to store music files, allowing home users to make high-quality personalized music CDs. CD-RW discs can be written to and erased similar to floppy disk. Conseq

43、uently, they are a good alternative for large file storage, as well as for creating a “master” disc before burning a CD-R discs(most CD-RW drives can write to both CD-RW and CD- R discs, but some CD and CD-R drives cannot read CD-RW discs). CD-R and CD-RW drives also read CD-ROM discs. However, CDs

44、will be eclipsed BY DVDs, once that technology becomes improved and standardized.CD-R和CD-RW都允許用戶(hù)存儲(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)在光盤(pán)上，但是只有那些在可復(fù)寫(xiě)cd中的數(shù)據(jù)能被擦除和重寫(xiě)。Cd-r光盤(pán)只能被寫(xiě)入一次。這倆種光盤(pán)看起來(lái)與只讀cd光盤(pán)差不多。可記錄cd管片通常用于存儲(chǔ)音樂(lè)文件，這樣可以允許家庭用戶(hù)制作高質(zhì)量的個(gè)人音樂(lè)唱片。Cd-rw光盤(pán)就像軟盤(pán)那樣能被重寫(xiě)和擦除。因此，他們是大容量文件存儲(chǔ)的另一種不錯(cuò)選擇，同時(shí)也作為主盤(pán)在對(duì)cd-r光盤(pán)進(jìn)行刻入之前（大多數(shù)的可擦寫(xiě)光盤(pán)驅(qū)動(dòng)器可以讀取cd-rw和cd-r光盤(pán)，但是也

45、有一些cd驅(qū)動(dòng)器和cd-r驅(qū)動(dòng)器不能讀cd-rw光盤(pán)）。Cd-r和cd-rw驅(qū)動(dòng)器也可以讀cd-rom光盤(pán)，然而，cd將會(huì)被dvd所替代，一旦dvd的技術(shù)完全成熟和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化。Magneto-Optical DiskMagneto-Optical disk offers promise that Optical laser disks will become commercially viable as a read-and-write storage technology. The 5and1/4inch disks can store up to 1,000Mb. At present, ma

46、gneto-optical disks are too expensive and do not offer anywhere near the kind of reliability that users have come to expect of magnetic media. In addition, the access times are relatively slow, about the same as a low-end Winchester disk.磁光盤(pán)有希望使得激光盤(pán)成為商業(yè)上可行的讀/寫(xiě)存儲(chǔ)技術(shù)。5*1/4英寸的磁光盤(pán)可以存儲(chǔ)高達(dá)1000Mb。目前磁光盤(pán)太貴且根本未

47、達(dá)到用戶(hù)對(duì)磁介質(zhì)所期望的那種可靠性。此外，存取時(shí)間相對(duì)而言比較慢，大約與低檔溫徹斯特盤(pán)相同。As optical laser disk technology matures to reliable, cost-effective, read/write operation, it eventually may dominate secondary storage in the future as magnetic disks and type do today.隨著光盤(pán)技術(shù)成熟到可靠，性能價(jià)格合算，可讀/可寫(xiě)，將來(lái)它最終會(huì)象現(xiàn)在磁盤(pán)、磁帶那樣統(tǒng)治二級(jí)存儲(chǔ)器。DVDsThe acronym DV

48、D(for digital versatile disc, or digital video disc) refer to a relatively new high-capacity optical storage format that can hold from 4.7GB to 17GB, depending on the number of recording layers and discs sides being used. A standard single layered, single-sided DVD can store 4.7GB of data; a two-lay

49、ered standard enhances the single-side layer to 8.5GB. DVD can be double-sided with a maximum storage of 17GB per disc. The DVD was initially developed to store the full contents of a standard two-hour movie, but is now also used to store computer data and software. DVD-ROM technology is seen by man

50、y as the successor to music CDs, computer CD-ROMs, and prerecorded VHS videotape that people buy and rent for home viewing-in other words, read-only products. DVD-R is DVD rewritable(similar to CD-W). The user can write to the disk only once. DVD-RW is DVD recordable(similar to CD-RW). The user can

51、erase and rewrite to the disk multiple times. Only one-sided disks can be used for both DVD-R and dvd-rw. Most DVD drives can play both computer and audio CDs, but you cant play DVDs in a CD drive.這個(gè)縮寫(xiě)影碟（數(shù)字化視頻光盤(pán)或數(shù)字視頻光盤(pán)），指的是相對(duì)較新的高容量光存儲(chǔ)格式取決于光盤(pán)記錄層和邊數(shù)，可以從4.7 GB的持有以17 GB，被使用。一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的單層單面的DVD可以存儲(chǔ)4.7 GB的數(shù)據(jù)，一兩

52、個(gè)層次的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，增強(qiáng)了單面層到8.5 GB的。 DVD可雙面的每件17 GB的最大存儲(chǔ)。該DVD最初是存儲(chǔ)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的全部?jī)?nèi)容的兩個(gè)小時(shí)的電影，但現(xiàn)在還用于存儲(chǔ)計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)據(jù)和軟件。DVD - ROM技術(shù)是被許多人視為對(duì)音樂(lè)CD，電腦光盤(pán)和人們購(gòu)買(mǎi)和租賃的預(yù)先錄制的家庭錄影帶的后續(xù)，換句話(huà)說(shuō)，只讀的產(chǎn)品。DVD-R是可記錄的DVD（就像CD-R那樣）。用戶(hù)可以對(duì)其進(jìn)行一次寫(xiě)入。DVD-RW是可擦寫(xiě)的（類(lèi)似的CD - RW），用戶(hù)可擦除和重寫(xiě)磁盤(pán)多次。DVD-R和DVD-RW都是單面光盤(pán)。所有的DVD驅(qū)動(dòng)器可以同時(shí)播放電腦和音頻CD。但是，不能在CD播放機(jī)上應(yīng)用DVD光盤(pán)。 DVD Forum Receiv

53、es Top Information Technology Industry Award for Creation of Unified Specification for Next Multimedia EraDVD論壇因建立下一代數(shù)字多媒體的統(tǒng)一規(guī)范而獲得最高信息技術(shù)工業(yè)獎(jiǎng)The DVD Forum today announced that it has received the 1997 PC Magazine Award for Technical Excellence in the category of “Standards”, in recognition of the Foru

54、ms successful development of the dvd-rom specification.DVD論壇今天宣布，因該論壇成功制定了DVD-ROM規(guī)范而獲得1997年P(guān)C雜志的 (制定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的) 卓越技術(shù)獎(jiǎng)?！癗ew standards are particularly important, since they promise to bring higher levels of technology innovation and market compatibility to todays technology users,” said by Michael J. Miller

55、, editor-in-chief of PC Magazine.” DVD-ROM is a compelling technology that was chosen because its a familiar format that brings a wealth of new computing, educational, gaming and entertainment possibilities to the user.”“新的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)特別重要，因?yàn)樗鼈兂兄Z把更高級(jí)的技術(shù)革新和市場(chǎng)兼容性帶給今天的技術(shù)用戶(hù)，”P(pán)C雜志主編Michael J. Miller說(shuō)，“DVD-ROM是被選出的

56、激發(fā)興趣的技術(shù)，因?yàn)樗且环N熟悉的格式，它把大量的新計(jì)算、新教育、新游戲和新娛樂(lè)的可能性帶給用戶(hù)?！盜n the Award citation to DVD-ROM technology, PC Magazine referred to DVD as the format that will ”replace the CD-ROM as the primary means of PC content distribution. ”Representatives of three companies involved in development of the specification, Hi

57、tachi Ltd. , Matsushita Electric Industrial Company(Panasonic) and Toshiba Corporation, accepted the award on behalf of the DVD Forum in a ceremony held on November 17 at COMDEX 97 in Las Vegas.在對(duì)DVD-ROM技術(shù)的頒獎(jiǎng)詞中, PC雜志稱(chēng)，DVD將會(huì)“代替CD-ROM作為PC內(nèi)容 (即各種軟件和資料) 傳播的主要手段。”參加規(guī)范開(kāi)發(fā)的三個(gè)公司的代表（日立，松下，東芝）以DVD論壇的名義在11月7日，L

58、as Vegas COMDEX 97 舉行的慶祝典禮上接受該項(xiàng)獎(jiǎng)。“Products based on specifications defined by the DVD Forum are now shipping in volume to the worldwide computer and consumer electronics markets, and the Award for Technical Excellence adds to the markets validation of the success of the standards process, ”said Koji Hase, General Manager of the DVD Products Division at Toshiba Corporation and a founding member of the DVD Forum. ”We are extremely pleased to see the work of the DVD Forum recognized as one of the key technical achievements in the personal computer industry, particularly as the Forum e