高中英語非謂語動詞用法對比講解篇

1、高中英語非謂語動詞用法對比講篇 知識要點： 一、不定式與動名詞做主語：1、動名詞做主語往往表示普通的、一般的行為，不定式做主語常表示某次具體的行為。例如： Collecting information about childrens health is his job. 收集有關(guān)兒童健康的信息是他的 工作。 Its necessary to discuss the problem with an experienced teacher. 與一位有經(jīng)驗的老師 討論這個問題是有必要的。 2、常用不定式做主語的句型有：（1）Its difficult (important, necessary) f

2、or sb. to do（2）Its kind (good, friendly, polite, careless, rude, cruel, clever, foolish, brave)of sb. to do.3、常用動名詞做主語的句型有： Its no good (use, fun) doing. Its (a) waste of time ones doing. Its worth while doing.二、不定式、動名詞、分詞做表語：1、不定式做表語常表示謂語動詞所表示動作之后發(fā)生的動作。 His teaching aim of this class is to train th

3、e students speaking ability. 他這節(jié)課的教學(xué) 目的是要訓(xùn)練學(xué)生說的能力。2、動名詞做表語是對主語內(nèi)容的解釋，這時主語與表語位置可以互換，動名詞常用于口語中。 Its full-time job is laying eggs. 它的（指蟻后）的專職工作是產(chǎn)卵。3、現(xiàn)在分詞做表語表示主語的性質(zhì)與特征；進行時表示正在進行的動作。 The task of this class is practising the idioms. （現(xiàn)在分詞做表語） With the help of the teacher, the students are practising the id

4、ioms. （現(xiàn)在進行時）4、常用作表語的現(xiàn)在分詞有：interesting, amusing, disappointing, missing, puzzling, exciting, inspiring, following等?，F(xiàn)在分詞表示進行與主動。 The joke is amusing .這笑話很逗人。 The problem is puzzling. 這個問題令人不解。5、過去分詞作表語表示主語所處的被動狀態(tài)或完成某動作的狀態(tài)。而被動語態(tài)表示主語所承 受的動作。 The village is surrounded by high mountains.（過去分詞做表語） The ene

5、my was surrounded by the Red Army.（被動語態(tài)） He is well educated.（過去分詞做表語） He has been educated in this college for three years.（被動語態(tài)）常用在句中做表語的過去分詞有： used, closed, covered, interested, followed, satisfied, surrounded, done, lost, decided, prepared, saved, shut, won, completed, crowded, dressed, wasted,

6、broken, married, unexpected等。6、注意如下動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞用法不同： interest（使感興趣），surprise（使吃驚），frighten（使害怕），excite（使興奮），tire（使疲勞），please（使?jié)M意），puzzle（使迷惑不解），satisfy（使?jié)M意），amuse（使娛樂），disappoint（使失望），inspire（使歡欣鼓舞），worry（使憂慮）它們的現(xiàn)在分詞常修飾物（有時修飾人），表示主動，過去分詞常修飾人，表示被動（包括某人的look、voice等）。例如： Climbing is tiring. 爬山很累人。 They

7、 are very tired. 他們很疲勞 After hearing the exciting news, he gave a speech in an excited voice.三、不定式與動名詞做賓語：1、下列動詞跟不定式做賓語： want, wish, hope, expect, ask, pretend, care, decide, happen, long, offer, refuse, fail, plan, prepare, order, cause, afford, beg, manage, agree, promise等。2、在下列動詞或動詞短語后用動名詞做賓語： en

8、joy, finish, suggest, avoid, excuse, delay, imagine, keep, miss, appreciate, be busy, be worth, feel like, cant stand, cant help, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent(from), keepfrom, stop(from), protectfrom, set about, be engaged in, spend(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to,

9、 pay attention to, insist on等。3、在forget, remember, stop, regret, try, mean等動詞后跟不定式與動名詞意義不同，不定式 表示謂語動詞之后的動作，而動名詞表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前，常用一般式doing 代替完成式having done. He forgot to tell me to post the letter.（他忘了叫我發(fā)信。） I shall never forget finding that rare stamp on an ordinary envelope. 我永遠也忘不了在 一個普通信封上發(fā)現(xiàn)了那枚珍貴的

10、郵票。 Remember to write to us when you get there. 到那里，記得給我們寫信。 I dont remember meeting him. 我不記得見過他。 I regret to tell you that I cant go to your birth-day party. 我很遺憾告訴你我不能去參加 你的生日晚會了。 They regretted agreeing to the plan. 他們后悔同意這個計劃。 He tried to pretend to share in the pleasure with his friend. 他盡力假裝與

11、朋友分享歡樂。 She tried reading a novel, but that couldnt make her forget her sorrow. 她試著看看小 說，但也不能使她忘記傷心事。 I didnt mean to hurt you. 我沒有企圖傷害你。 A friend indeed means helping others for nothing in return. 真正的朋友意指不圖回報地 幫助別人。4、動名詞作need, want, require, be worth的賓語時，用主動式代替被動式。 The washing-machine needs repairi

12、ng.（或用：needs to be repaired）這臺洗衣機需要修理。 The point wants referring to. 這一點要提到。 This English novel is worth reading. 這本英文小說值得一讀。 The situation in Russian required studying. 俄國形式需要研究。四、不定式與分詞在句中做賓語補足語：1、以下動詞后跟不定式做賓語補足語：ask, tell, beg, allow, want, like, hate, force, invite, persuade, advise, order, caus

13、e, encourage, wait for, call on, permit, forbidThe doctor advised him to stay in bed for another few days. 醫(yī)生囑咐他再臥床休息幾天。We wish him to remain and accept the post. 我們希望他留下來接受這個職位。（注意hope后不跟不定式做賓補。）2、有些動詞后的復(fù)合賓語用不帶“to“的不定式，這些動詞有：see, watch, notice, hear, feel, make, let, have等。例如： We noticed him enter

14、the house. 我們留意到他進了那所房子。 The boss made them work twelve hours a day. 老板讓他們一天干12小時工作。注意當make、have不做“迫使、讓”講，而做“制造、有”解時，跟帶有to的不定式做狀語。 Mother made a cake to celebrate his birthday. 媽媽做了一個蛋糕給他慶賀生日。 He had a meeting to attend. 他有個會要開。3、下列動詞后的復(fù)合賓語用分詞做賓補：see, watch, notice, observe, hear, feel, make, set, h

15、ave, leave, keep, find等。用現(xiàn)在分詞還是用過去分詞做賓補，要看分詞與賓語的關(guān)系。例：We heard him singing the song when we came in. 當我們進來的時候，聽見他正唱那首歌。We have heard the song sung twice. 我們聽過這首歌唱過兩遍了。五、非謂語動詞做定語：1、不定式做定語放在所修飾的名詞后，表示在謂語動詞之后發(fā)生的動作或過去的某一特定動 作。例如： He had no house to live in but a lot of work to do. 他沒有房子住卻有好多活要干。 Our moni

16、tor is the first to arrive. 我們班長是第一個到的。2、動名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞做定語的區(qū)別： 動名詞做定語說明所修飾名詞的用途；現(xiàn)在分詞做定語，表示所修飾名詞進行的動作。a walking stick 拐杖（動名詞做定語，意為a stick for walking）a sleeping car 臥鋪車廂（動名詞做定語，意為a car for sleeping）the rising sun 正在升起的太陽（現(xiàn)在分詞做定語，意為the sun which was rising）the changing world 變化中的世界（現(xiàn)在分詞做定語，意為the world which

17、 is changing）3、現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞做定語的區(qū)別：過去分詞做定語表示完成或被動的動作，現(xiàn)在分詞做 定語表示主動或進行的動作。如：a piece of disappointing news使人失望的消息（意同a piece of news which disappointed us）in the following years 在后來的幾年中（意同in the years that followed）a well dressed woman 衣著講究的女士（意同a woman who is dressed well）a car parked at the gate 停在門口的小汽車（

18、意同a car which was parked at the gate）六、不定式與分詞做狀語：1、不定式做狀語，只表示目的、結(jié)果或原因： He hurried home only to find his money stolen. 他匆忙趕到家中，發(fā)現(xiàn)錢被盜了。（結(jié)果狀語） To make himself heard, he raised his voice. 為了被聽清楚，他提高了嗓門。（目的狀語） All of us are surprised to see his rapid progress. 看到他的進步，我們都很吃驚。(原因狀語)2、分詞做狀語可表示時間、條件、原因、伴隨、讓步

19、、方式： Seen from the top of the hill, the town is beautiful. 從山上看，這座城市很美。（條件狀語） Coming into the room, he found his father angry. 當走進房間時，他發(fā)現(xiàn)父親生氣了。（時間狀語） Being tired, they went on working. 雖然累了，但他們繼續(xù)工作。（讓步狀語） Having been hit by the big boy on the nose, the little boy began to cry. 由于被大孩子打了鼻 子，那個小男孩哭了。（原

20、因狀語） He put a finger in his mouth, tasted it and smiled, looking rather pleased. 他把一個手指放進嘴里，嘗了嘗，笑了，看起來挺高興。（伴隨狀語） 領(lǐng)勝教育贈讀非謂語動詞題型講解非謂語動詞是高中語法的重點，也是難點，學(xué)生常常對此感到頭疼。其實只要理解并掌握非謂語動詞各種形式的特點，做起題來會很輕松。我們先來看看非謂語動詞的各種變化形式。熟悉知道了非謂語動詞形式后，做題時可分四步分析。一、分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)1. _many times , but he still couldnt understand it .2. _man

21、y times , he still couldnt understand it .A. Having been told . B. ToldC. He was told D. Though he had been told3. _to the left , youll find the post office .4. If you _to the left , youll find the post office .5. _to the left , and youll find the post office .A. Turning B. To turn C. Turn D. Turned

22、分析：句1. 用連詞but 引導(dǎo)并列句子，因此，前面也是個獨立句子成分，故選C。句2. 句中用逗號隔開，且無連詞引導(dǎo)，因此，前面不是句子結(jié)構(gòu)，只是句子的一個成分，故選A，用非謂語動詞作狀語。句3. 同句2，選A 。句4. 前面用if 引導(dǎo)從句，故選C ，構(gòu)成從句謂語。句5. 同句1，選C。二、分析邏輯主語確定要選非謂語動詞之后，第二步要分析其邏輯主語。非謂語動詞雖不能作謂語，但仍具有動詞特點，其邏輯上的動作執(zhí)行者就叫做邏輯主語。非謂語動詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語須和句子的真正主語一致。若不一致，則須加上自己的邏輯主語。1. _no buses , we have to walk home .A.

23、There being B. It were C. There were D. It being2. _Sunday I shall have a quiet day at home .分析：句1. 表示沒有公共汽車，應(yīng)用there be結(jié)構(gòu)，即邏輯主語是there，故選A 。句2. 同理選D。三、分析語態(tài)分析語態(tài)就是在確定邏輯主語之后，分析非謂語動詞和邏輯主語在搭配使用時是主動還是被動關(guān)系。1. _from space , the earth looks blue .2._from space , we can see the earth is blue .A. Seen B. Seeing

24、 C. To see D.See這兩個題選項中的非謂語動詞都沒有加自己的邏輯主語, 因此其邏輯主語就是句子的主語。分析：句1. 地球被看起來，表被動，故選A，用過去分詞表被動。句2. 我們主動看.即表主動，故選B。3. The dirty clothes _ , the girl hung them up outside .4. _ the dirty clothes ,the girl hung them up outside .A. was washed B. washed C.were washed D.having washed分析：句3. 前面應(yīng)用非謂語動詞作句子的狀語，邏輯主語是t

25、he dirty clothes，和動詞搭配表示衣服被洗，故選B。句4. 邏輯主語為句子的主語the girl，表示女孩洗衣服，為主動關(guān)系，故選D。四、分析時態(tài)，在選定了主動或被動后，還要考慮動作發(fā)生的時間問題，即時態(tài)。1. The building _now will be a restaurant .2. The building _next year will be a restaurant .3. The building _last year is a restaurant.A. having been built B.to be builtC.being built D. buil

26、t句1中 now 說明大樓正在被修，故用進行式，選C。句2中next year 說明大樓將在明年被修，故用表將來的不定式，選B。句3中 last year 說明大樓已被修，但不能選，因為現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式不能作定語，故用過去分詞，選D。又如：1. He stood there_for his mother .2. _for two hours , he went away .A. waiting B. to wait C. waited D.Having waited句1表示站在那等，兩個動詞同時發(fā)生，故選A作伴隨狀語。句2表示已經(jīng)等了兩個小時，發(fā)生在謂語動詞went away 之前，故用完成式

27、，選D 。需要注意的是，非謂語動詞的否定也是?？嫉捻椖浚J清否定形式，非謂語動詞的否定都應(yīng)將not 放在前面。如：What is the reason for _there ?A. not your going B. not your goC. your not going D. you not to go鞏固練習(xí):1. _wont be of much help .(A) A .Toms going B. Tom going C. Tom to go D. Tom goes2. They managed _the meeting room before the guests arrived

28、. (C) A. finishing to clean B. finishing cleaning C. to finish cleaning D. to finish to clean3. We must find a room big enough _.(B) A. for all of us to live B. for all of us to live in C. to live in all of us D. of all of us to live4. _a teacher , I should set a good example to students . (A) A. Be

29、ing B. Having been C. To be D. As I being5. _a teacher ,one must first be their pupil . (C) A. Being B. Having beenC. To be D. To have been6. It was stupid _ your advice. (C) A. for me not to take B. for me not takingC. of me not to take D. of me not taking7. The teacher told him to speak louder _by

30、 , everybody. (A) A. so as to be heard B. so as to hearC. in order that heard D. in order to hear8. They suggested _ the sports meet till next Tuesday. (B) A. us to put off B. our putting offC. us of putting off D. our put off9. The doctor gave me some medicine , _ three times a day before meals. (C

31、) A. to take B. to be taking C. to be taken D. I took it10. Thanking them for their kindness , he said that the old lady really appreciated _by them. (D) A. visiting B. visitedC. to be visited D. being visited11. _made her parents very angry . (B) A. Janes engaging Black B. Janes being engaged to Bl

32、ack C. Jane having engaged to Black D. Jane has engaged to Black12. Dont you think it any good_in public places? (B) A. forbidding smoking B. to forbid smokingC. to forbid to smoke D. forbidding to smoke13. China is a _ country and we should introduce _ science and technology from the _ countries. (

33、B) A. developed; advanced; developed B. developing;advanced;developed C. developing;advancing;developing D. developed; advancing ; developing14. _, the work can be done much better . (C) A. Given more time B.We had been given more timeC. More time given D. If more time had given15. _from space , the

34、 earth , with water _seventy percent of its surface , looks like a blue ball. (D) A. Seen ; covered B. Seeing ; coveringC. Seeing; covered D. Seen; covering16. People always shake hands with each other when _. (C) A. to introduce B. introduce C. introduced D. introducing17. _, tears ran down her pal

35、e face. (A) A. No word said B. Say no wordC. Not saying a word D. Without saying a word18. Tigers _ meat -eating animals , _meat . (A) A. belonged to ;fed on B. belonging to ; feed onC. were belonged to ; feed on D. belonging to ; feeding on19. We must take measures to prevent our earth _. (C) A. to

36、 be polluted B. from pollutingC. from being polluted D. from polluted20. As the stone was too heavy to move , I left it _ on the ground . (C) A. laying B. lay C. lying D. lain. 英語必備語法全突破之非謂語動詞篇非謂語動詞的其他考點1.接不定式或動名詞做賓語都可以，但在意思上有區(qū)別的動詞的用法mean to do想要(做某事) propose to do 打算(做某事)mean doing意味(做某事) propose d

37、oing建議(做某事)forget to do忘記(要做的事) remember to do記得(要做某事)forget doing忘記(已做的事) remember doing記得(已做過的事)go on to do繼而(做另一件事) stop to do停下來去做另一件事go on doing繼續(xù)(做原來的事) stop doing停止正在做的事regret to do(對將要做的事)遺憾 regret doing(對已做過的事)后悔如：Mr. Jankin regretted having blamed his secretary for the mistake, for he late

38、r discovered it was his own fault.The boy is constantly being told not to scratch the paint off the wall, but he goes on doing it all the same.2.不定式的習(xí)慣用法句型：cannot help but do cannot but docannot choose but do can do nothing but dohave no choice/alternative but to do上述句型的意思接近，即“不得不做”、“不禁做”、“不由自主地做”、“

39、不能不做”、“只能做”。其共同的特點是都有一個否定詞和but。如：Nobody can help but be fascinated by the world into which he is taken by the science fiction.When I consider how talented he is as a painter, I cannot help but believe that the public will appreciate his gift.3.動名詞的習(xí)慣用法句型：be busy/active doing sth. have difficulty/tro

40、uble/problem doing sth.Its no good/use/picnic doing sth. have a good/great/wonderful time doing sth.spend/waste time doing sth. There is no point/sense/harm/ use doing sth.cannot help doing sth. There is no doing sth.I know it isnt important but I cant help thinking about it.Alice was having trouble

41、 controlling the children because there were so many of them.There is no use crying over spilt milk.4.there be 非謂語動詞的用法(1)做賓語時取決于謂語動詞的持續(xù)要求。如：The students expected there to be more reviewing classes before the final exams.(expect要求接不定式做賓語)(2)做目的狀語或程度狀語時用for there to be，做其他狀語用there being。如：For there t

42、o be successful communication, there must be attentiveness and involvement in the discussion itself by all present.(for there to be在句中做目的狀語)It isnt cold enough for there to be a frost tonight, so I can leave Jims car out quite safely.(for there to be在句中做程度狀語)There being no further questions, well st

43、op here today.(there being做原因狀語)(3)引導(dǎo)主語用for there to be。如：It is unusual for there to be no late comers today.(4)做除for外的介詞賓語，用there being。如：He would always ignore the fact of there being such a contradiction in his inner thought英語語法歸納與精練（一）情態(tài)動詞一情態(tài)動詞的現(xiàn)在完成式的用法 情態(tài)動詞現(xiàn)在完成式主要有兩個功能：表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的情況和表示虛擬語氣。在這兩個方面mu

44、st/mustnt,;can/cannt;need/neednt;may/maynt;might/mightnt;should/shouldnt;ougtht等情態(tài)動詞完成式表示的意思是有一定區(qū)別的1表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的情況。1）must have+過去分詞，表示對已發(fā)生情況的肯定推測，譯為“（昨天）一定”。如：My pain apparent the moment I walked into the room, for the first man I met asked sympathetically:” Are you feeling all right?”A must be B had bee

45、n C must have been D had to be（答案為C）2）cant / couldnt have+過去分詞，表示對已發(fā)生情況的否定推測，譯為“（昨天）一定沒”。如：Mary my letter; otherwise she would have replied before now.A couldnt have received B ought to have receivedC has received D shouldnt have received（答案為A）3）may / might have +過去分詞，表示對已發(fā)生的事情做不肯定、可能性很小的推測，或事實上根本沒發(fā)

46、生，譯為“也許”。如：At Florida Powers Crystal River plant, a potentially serious leakage of radioactive water may have been unknowingly caused by an electrician.2表示虛擬語氣。1) neednt have + 過去分詞，表示做了不必做的事，相當于”didnt need to do”,譯為“其實沒必要”。如：You neednt have come over yourself.As it turned out to be a small house pa

47、rty, we so formally.A neednt dress up Bdid not need have dressed upC did not need dress up D neednt have dressed up(沒有必要穿的那么正式，體現(xiàn)是說話者的建議，實際結(jié)果是否真的穿的很正式?jīng)]有確定，答案為D)2）should have +過去分詞，表示應(yīng)該做某事但實際上未做，譯為“本應(yīng)該”should not + have過去分詞表示本不應(yīng)該做某事但實際上做了，譯為“本不應(yīng)該”。如：I regret having left the work unfinished; I should

48、have planned everything ahead carefully.我本來應(yīng)該事先認真地把每件事情規(guī)劃的很好，但實際上作者還是沒有規(guī)劃好，以至工作沒有完成。3) ought to have +過去分詞，表示動作按理該發(fā)生了，但實際上未發(fā)生，譯為“該”，與should 的完成式含義類似。如：he porter ought to have called the fire-brigade as soon as he saw the fire in the stock, which went up in smoke .4) could have +過去分詞，表示過去本來可以做但卻未做，譯為

49、“完全可以”。這點與ought/should/ have +過去分詞用法相似。如：What you said is right, but you could have phrased it more tactfully.5) may/ might have +過去分詞，表示過去可以做但實際未做，譯為“（那樣）也許會”。如：It might have been better to include more punchy statistics and photos of equipment in the introduction to further assist first-time offic

50、e automation managers.二幾個情態(tài)動詞?？嫉木湫停?1)may/might (just) as well “不妨，最好”，與had better相近；Since the flight was cancelled, you might as well go by train.既然航班已經(jīng)取消了，你不妨乘火車吧。相當于you had better go by train。2) cannot / canttoo “越越好，怎么也不過分”。注意這個句型的變體cannotover.如：You cannot be too careful when you drive a car.駕車時

51、候，越小心越好。The final chapter covers organizational change and development. This subject cannot be over emphasized .3) usednt 或didt use to 為used to (do) 的否定式。4）should 除了“應(yīng)該”一層意思外，考研大綱還規(guī)定要掌握其“竟然”的意思。如：I didnt expect that he should have behaved like that. 我無法想象他竟然這樣做。三情態(tài)動詞被動關(guān)系的主動表達法1 want, require, worth（

52、形容詞）后面接doing也可以表示被動意義。Your hair wants cuttingThe book is worth readingThe floor requires washing.2need既可以用need to be done 也可以使用need doing ，兩種形式都表達被動的意義The house needs painting= the house needs to be painted.The watch needed repairing= the watch needed to be repaired.（二） 形容詞、副詞及比較級最高級 一形容詞的修飾與位置 一般來說

53、，從構(gòu)詞法角度來看，后綴”ly”往往是副詞，但有的以“l(fā)y結(jié)尾的詞是形容詞而不是副詞，這點要注意；形容詞一般可以在句子中做定語，表語等成份，但有些形容詞在句子中只能做表語和只能做前置定語；這些形容詞在修飾時候有一定的特殊性要引起大家的注意，下面做了一下歸納：1 以-ly結(jié)尾的是形容詞而不是副詞：costly 昂貴的 lonely 孤獨的deadly 死一般的 lively 活潑的friendly 友好的 silly 傻氣的kindly 熱心腸的 likely 可能的leisurely 悠閑的 ugly 長得丑的brotherly 兄弟般的 monthly 每月的earthly 塵世的2只作以“a”開頭的很多形容詞只能做表語：afraid 害怕的 alike 相象的awake 醒著的 alone 單獨的，惟一的alive 活著的 ashamed 羞愧的asleep 睡著的 aware