Grammar2.定語從句ppt

1、Ms FengMs FengUnit 4GrammarThe Attributive clause The Attributive clause 定語從句定語從句Attributive Clause（定語從句）（定語從句）概念概念在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句叫做定語從句He is an English teacher who likes singing songs.定語從句定語從句先行詞先行詞引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞起引導(dǎo)詞的作用，起引導(dǎo)詞的作用，代替先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)成分代替先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)成分關(guān)系代詞

2、關(guān)系代詞whowhomthatwhichwhosewhose+nwhich=of whom/which +the + n=the +n + of whom -sb-sth-sb 主語主語/賓語賓語-sb 賓語賓語-sb/sth 主語主語/賓語賓語/表語表語-sth 主語主語/賓語賓語-sb/sth 定語定語定語從句中只要缺主語，賓語，表語或定語定語從句中只要缺主語，賓語，表語或定語就用關(guān)系代詞就用關(guān)系代詞Titanic is the ship _sank after hitting an iceberg.which/that_ 關(guān)系代詞代替先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)賓關(guān)系代詞代替先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)賓語

3、時(shí)可省，語時(shí)可省， whom/who/thatThe young man_ you saw yesterday is a famous writer.() Lu Xun once lived in.This is the house This is the house in Luxun once lived. which 但作介詞賓語且介詞前置時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞不能省。但作介詞賓語且介詞前置時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞不能省。whom( (指人）指人）which( (指物）指物）其結(jié)構(gòu)：介詞其結(jié)構(gòu)：介詞+ +(which/that) Where is the girl you talked with last Su

4、nday? Where is the girl with you talked last Sunday?whom (who/whom/that)Yesterday she talked with one woman _ husband died in that accident. A. which B. whose C. of which D. thatB * whose 指人或物，在從句中修飾名詞作指人或物，在從句中修飾名詞作定語，所修飾的名詞和先行詞之間是所屬定語，所修飾的名詞和先行詞之間是所屬關(guān)系。關(guān)系。Whose+n=the +n +of which / whom=of which/w

5、hom +the + nThe house, _ were damaged, is being repaired now.A. the windows B. whose the windows C. the windows of which D. which the windows C1. I like the rooms _windows face south. whoseWhich+n =and this/ that +n Whose+n =and sbs/sths +n指代指代所屬所屬.能放名詞前作定語的還有能放名詞前作定語的還有which =I like the rooms and t

6、heir windows face south.whom關(guān)系代詞代替先行詞作介詞賓語且介詞前置時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞代替先行詞作介詞賓語且介詞前置時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞有兩個(gè)關(guān)系代詞有兩個(gè)which/whom.The girl to_you are talking is Mary.但介詞后有名詞，且名詞前缺定語，就要想到作定語的但介詞后有名詞，且名詞前缺定語，就要想到作定語的關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞1.She suffered from illness, in_ case herhusband had to stay at home .2. Tom spent 4 years in college, during_ ti

7、me he learned French.3. Jack was a famous doctor, ,they succeeded in an operation. 4.He works in a factory, in_front there is a river.with_ helpand with _ helpin front of _and in _ front用用whom, which , whose 或適當(dāng)?shù)娜朔Q代詞填空或適當(dāng)?shù)娜朔Q代詞填空whichwhichwhomwhosehiswhosewhichitswith the help of _=and in this case=a

8、nd during that timeOne of + the + pl.n作先行詞，且關(guān)系代詞作先行詞，且關(guān)系代詞代替它在從句中代替它在從句中充當(dāng)主語充當(dāng)主語時(shí)，從句動(dòng)詞用時(shí)，從句動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)。當(dāng)當(dāng)one of 前有前有the, the only, the same,the very時(shí)，時(shí)，從句動(dòng)詞用從句動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)單數(shù)。他是學(xué)過法語的那些男孩中的一個(gè)。他是學(xué)過法語的那些男孩中的一個(gè)。He is one of the boys who have learned French.他就是那些男孩中唯一學(xué)過法語的那一個(gè)。他就是那些男孩中唯一學(xué)過法語的那一個(gè)。He is the (only) one

9、of the boys who has learned French.二、關(guān)系代詞二、關(guān)系代詞that和和which在很多情況下可以互在很多情況下可以互換，但下列情況只用換，但下列情況只用that。All _ can be done has been done.Do you have anything _ you dont understand ?There is little _ can be believed about it .The book doesnt say much _ amuses children.that thatthat that先行詞是先行詞是all , everyt

10、hing, nothing, anything, something,much,little,none等等表示物的不定表示物的不定代詞代詞，關(guān)系代詞只用關(guān)系代詞只用that 。It is the most beautiful city _Ive ever seen.This is the best TV _ is made in China.The first museum _ he visited in China was the History Museum. thatthatthat先行詞先行詞被序數(shù)詞或最高級(jí)修飾被序數(shù)詞或最高級(jí)修飾或或先行詞先行詞本身本身是序數(shù)詞或最高級(jí)是序數(shù)詞或最高

11、級(jí), ,關(guān)系代詞只用關(guān)系代詞只用 that 。Ive read all the books _ you lent me.No sample _ we have received is satisfactory.Please send us any information _ you have about the subject.He is the only person _ was present at the time. that that that that先行詞被先行詞被 any, some, no, much, few, little, every, all,the very, the

12、 only, the last , the right修飾時(shí)，修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞只用關(guān)系代詞只用that 。The famous writer and his works _ the radio broadcast have aroused great interest among the students.A victim is a person,animal or thing _ suffers pain,death,harm,etc. thatthat先行詞中既有人又有事物時(shí)，先行詞中既有人又有事物時(shí)，關(guān)系代關(guān)系代詞只用詞只用thatthatWho _ you have ever seen

13、 can do it better ?Who is the boy_ was here just now? that that先行詞是先行詞是who /which或主句是以或主句是以who/which開頭的問句，引導(dǎo)定語從句開頭的問句，引導(dǎo)定語從句關(guān)系代詞只用關(guān)系代詞只用that 。Well done !當(dāng)定語從句中缺表語時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用當(dāng)定語從句中缺表語時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用that. She isnt the girl that she was 10 years ago. She isnt _she was 10 years ago.她不再是十年前的那個(gè)女孩了她不再是十年前的那個(gè)女孩了。what只用

14、只用who不用不用that 的情況：的情況：1.先行詞是指人的不定代詞先行詞是指人的不定代詞:one ,those, anyone,no one, all, nobody, anybody, none等時(shí)等時(shí)；反對(duì)的人舉手。反對(duì)的人舉手。Those who are against put up your hands.關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞whenwherewhy狀語狀語=介詞介詞+whichThe reason why=the reason for which注意注意 1 1若定語從句缺主語，賓語或表語或若定語從句缺主語，賓語或表語或定語用定語用關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞，缺狀語用關(guān)系副，缺狀語用關(guān)系副詞。詞

15、。The library _ students often study was on fire last night.The library, _ was built in the 1930s,needs repairing.The library _ you visited yesterday was built in 1990.wherewhichwhich/that I will never forget the days_ I visited the West Lake. I will never forget the days _ I spent at the West Lake.w

16、hen（which/that）特殊的定語從句特殊的定語從句1. way+定語從句定語從句缺名詞性成分缺名詞性成分 that/which缺狀語缺狀語thatin which 1).The lazy boy is expecting a way _ he can get through the exams without hard work. A. that B. in that C. which D. where2) Our chemistry teacher announced that he would do the experiment in a different way_we migh

17、t find interesting. Awhich Bin which Cin that DwhomAA2. the speed+定語從句定語從句他開車的速度太快了他開車的速度太快了。he drives is too fast.that/at whichthat/which缺主賓表缺主賓表缺狀缺狀that/at which3.先行詞是先行詞是business(行業(yè)行業(yè)),case(情況情況/形形),situation（形勢(shì)、語境（形勢(shì)、語境),position(位置位置),point(地點(diǎn)，程度地點(diǎn)，程度),stage（舞臺(tái)（舞臺(tái)/時(shí)期時(shí)期/階段階段)scene等等,從句中缺狀語時(shí)從句中缺狀

18、語時(shí),用關(guān)系副詞用關(guān)系副詞where,表抽象的地點(diǎn)概念表抽象的地點(diǎn)概念。1. Its helpful to put children in a situation they can see themselves differently. A.that B. when C. which D. where 2. I have reached a point in my life _ I am supposed to make decisions of my own. A.which B. where C. how D. why3. Life is like a long race _we comp

19、ete with others to go beyond ourselves. A. why B. what C. that D. where v. 超出；勝過 DBD限制性定語從句限制性定語從句 和和非限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句限制性定語從句限制性定語從句：對(duì)先行詞起修飾限定作用，對(duì)先行詞起修飾限定作用，沒有它，句子的意思就不明確；沒有它，句子的意思就不明確；主從句之間不用逗號(hào)隔開。主從句之間不用逗號(hào)隔開。非限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句：對(duì)先行詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明；對(duì)先行詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明；去掉，不影響主句意思的明確和完整去掉，不影響主句意思的明確和完整常用逗號(hào)和主句隔開；常用逗號(hào)和主句隔開；相

20、當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列句或狀語從句。相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列句或狀語從句。先行詞先行詞+ +關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞+ +從句從句先行詞，先行詞，+ +關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞+ +從句，從句，某些句子用了逗號(hào)成為非限制性定語從句某些句子用了逗號(hào)成為非限制性定語從句, , 同沒有用逗號(hào)的相比，意義有很大區(qū)別同沒有用逗號(hào)的相比，意義有很大區(qū)別 I will wear no shoes which will distinguish me from others. I will wear no shoes, which will distinguish me from others. * *我不喜歡那種使我顯得與眾不同的鞋。我不喜歡那種使我顯

21、得與眾不同的鞋。* *我不穿鞋，這樣我就顯得與眾不同了。我不穿鞋，這樣我就顯得與眾不同了。 在非限制性定語從句中在非限制性定語從句中1.1.缺名詞性成分用關(guān)系代詞。缺名詞性成分用關(guān)系代詞。指人用指人用who( (賓賓格用格用whom),),指物用指物用which. .缺狀語用關(guān)系缺狀語用關(guān)系副副(when/where） 。 相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列句相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列句或狀語從句或狀語從句。 2.2. that,why不能引導(dǎo)非限不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。制性定語從句。 . .因?yàn)槲沂悄愕呐笥眩視?huì)盡力幫你的。因?yàn)槲沂悄愕呐笥?，我?huì)盡力幫你的。Ibest to help you.will try my ,

22、who am your good friend ,. .我已看完那本書，我非常喜歡。我已看完那本書，我非常喜歡。I have finished reading the book , which I like very much.比較：比較：I have finished reading the book .I like it very much.; I like it very much.(,)and I like it very much.練習(xí)：練習(xí)：1. Yesterday I got a letter from Li Ping , _ said that he was getting a

23、long well with his studies. A. who B.whom C.which D. it2. Yesterday I got a letter from Li Ping . _ said that he was getting along well with his studies. A. who B.whom C.which D. It1.1.As 做關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，做關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，其先行詞是整個(gè)主句，其先行詞是整個(gè)主句，“正如正如/ /像像一樣一樣”關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞 as vs which2.2.從句位置較靈活，可放主句之前、之中、從句位

24、置較靈活，可放主句之前、之中、 或之后?；蛑蟆?.As3.As從句和主句句意一致，從句和主句句意一致，“正如正如/ /像像 一樣一樣”，故從句必須是肯定句。，故從句必須是肯定句。As we know , China is a developing country.China，as we know, is a developing country.China is a developing country, as we know.正如我們所知道的，中國(guó)是一個(gè)發(fā)展中國(guó)家。正如我們所知道的，中國(guó)是一個(gè)發(fā)展中國(guó)家。As we all know ,As is known to us all，As is

25、 well-known ,We all know thatIt is known thatChina is a developing country.Which引引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只能放只能放主句之后主句之后。是對(duì)主句的評(píng)論，或主從句。是對(duì)主句的評(píng)論，或主從句之間含因果關(guān)系。之間含因果關(guān)系。從句可以是肯定的從句可以是肯定的，也可是否定的也可是否定的。which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)，其先行詞即可是引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)，其先行詞即可是一個(gè)詞，也可是整個(gè)主句。一個(gè)詞，也可是整個(gè)主句。是整個(gè)主句時(shí)是整個(gè)主句時(shí)，which=and it/this/that “這一點(diǎn)、這件事

26、這一點(diǎn)、這件事”，在從，在從句中充當(dāng)主語時(shí)，從句動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。句中充當(dāng)主語時(shí)，從句動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 1. 1.實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)果是非常好的，這是我們所沒有預(yù)料實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)果是非常好的，這是我們所沒有預(yù)料到的。到的。The result of the experiment is very good, which we didnt expected.2. 2.老師對(duì)我們非常嚴(yán)格，這對(duì)我們有好處。老師對(duì)我們非常嚴(yán)格，這對(duì)我們有好處。Our teacher is very strict with us ,which does us much good . 1.1.這個(gè)年輕人通過了考試，這一點(diǎn)我們已經(jīng)這個(gè)年輕人通過了考試

27、，這一點(diǎn)我們已經(jīng) 預(yù)料到了。預(yù)料到了。The young man passed the exam ,_we had expected._we hadnt expected.which /aswhich2.他說他要走，這使我們非常驚訝。他說他要走，這使我們非常驚訝。He said he would leave,_made us surprised.which as 引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句時(shí)，常和引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句時(shí)，常和as、so、such 或或 the same 連用連用，as 在從句中代替前面的名詞充在從句中代替前面的名詞充當(dāng)主語或賓語，不省略。當(dāng)主語或賓語，不省略。 such.as( (定語從

28、句定語從句) )他買了一部和我的自行車一樣的自行車。他買了一部和我的自行車一樣的自行車。He has bought the same bike as I have .不要看你看不懂的那類書。不要看你看不懂的那類書。Dont read such books as you cant understand.that( (結(jié)果狀語從句結(jié)果狀語從句) )the sameasthat定語從句定語從句相似的相似的同一個(gè)同一個(gè)as/so+adj+ a / an +singl.n+ as +從句從句先行詞先行詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞As/so + many+pl.n +as+從句從句much+Un這有一塊重得沒人能移

29、動(dòng)的大石頭。這有一塊重得沒人能移動(dòng)的大石頭。 Here is so heavy a stone as no one can remove.你會(huì)看到許多來這兒的孩子。你會(huì)看到許多來這兒的孩子。Youll see as many children as come here.The committee consists of 20 members , 5 of _ are women.The book contains 50 poems, most of _ was written in 1930s.I have a sentence , the meaning of _ I dont unders

30、tand.whomwhichwhich 名詞名詞/代詞代詞/數(shù)詞數(shù)詞/最高級(jí)最高級(jí)+ of +which/whom 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句省略的定語從句：省略的定語從句：Prep+whichwhom+to do sth2. to do的邏輯主語就是主句的主語，可轉(zhuǎn)換成完的邏輯主語就是主句的主語，可轉(zhuǎn)換成完整的定語從句整的定語從句1.放名詞后作后置定語放名詞后作后置定語to buy he can buyCAC注意注意 2 2區(qū)分區(qū)分where引導(dǎo)的定語從引導(dǎo)的定語從句和狀語從句句和狀語從句Where前面有被修飾的地點(diǎn)名詞時(shí)，是前面有被修飾的地點(diǎn)名詞時(shí)，是定語從句，否則是狀語從句

31、。定語從句，否則是狀語從句。When you read books ,you had better make a mark at the spot where you have any questions.When you read books , you had better make a mark where you have any questions.Put the book_it is when you have finished reading.A. which B. where C. in which D. at the place地點(diǎn)狀語從句地點(diǎn)狀語從句When you rea

32、d the book, youd better make a mark _ you have any questions.A. at which B. at where C. the place where D. where 狀語從句狀語從句語法專項(xiàng)練習(xí)1. Toms brother, _ lives in London, is an engineer. A.whom B. who C.that D. which2. The dictionary,_ I paid 80 dollars, was stolen. A.which B.that C.for which D.to which3. G

33、randma Smith has two sons,_ are soldiers. A.two of whom B.whom C.both of whom D.one of them4. He arrived half an hour late, _ made us unhappy. A.that B.as B.what D.whichBCCD5. She has a lot of photos, _ were taken when she was five years old. A.many of which B.many C.of which D.what6. I have heard f

34、rom my uncle, _ is in Canada. A.which B.that C.whom D.who7. This dictionary, a few pages_ are missing, is of no use. A.of which B.among which C.in which D.to which8. The weather turned out to be very good,_ was more than we could expect. A.what B. which C.that D.itADAB9. I shall never forget those y

35、ears _ I lived in the country with the farmers, _ has a great effect on my life. A. that; which B. when; which C. which; that D. when; who10. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase,_ was very reasonable. A.which price B.the price of which C.its price D.the price of whose11. Hes got himself into a

36、 dangerous situation_ he is likely to lose control over the plane. A.where B.which C.while D.whyBBA12. She heard a terrible noise, _ brought her heart into her mouth. A.it B.which C.this D.that13. Is this house _ he visited last year? A.that B.which C.where D.the one14. Is this the house _ he visite

37、d last year? A. one B. which C. the one D. where BDBExercises:1. All _ we need is to be supplied with food and clothing. A. what B. that C. which D. whom2.The man_talked to you just now is an engineer. A. who B. whose C. which D. what3. Can you tell me the name of the factory_ you visited last week? A. what B. in where C. / D. when4. I dont like the way_ you speak to her. A. that B. in that C. who D. whose 5. The most important thing_ we should pay attention to is the first thing_I have said. A. which; that B. that; which