常見英語(yǔ)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)

1、英語(yǔ)基本的句子結(jié)構(gòu)1.主謂語(yǔ)（不及物動(dòng)詞）2. 主謂語(yǔ)（及物動(dòng)詞）賓語(yǔ)3. 主謂語(yǔ)（及物動(dòng)詞）雙賓語(yǔ)4. 主謂語(yǔ)（及物動(dòng)詞）賓語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)主系表主+動(dòng)1. 主系表結(jié)構(gòu)1.1 主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)(形容詞)主語(yǔ)系動(dòng)詞表語(yǔ)(形容詞)The lessonwasinteresting.The damageappears(to be)serious.The souptasted delicious.The beachlooked deserted.The gamebecame more exciting.The cinemasremained open all week.To go furtherwas imp

2、ossible.To give time to the projectbecomes moredifficult.The milkwent sour.The actorsgotready.1.2 主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)(名詞)主語(yǔ)系動(dòng)詞表語(yǔ)(名詞)Davidismy younger brotherThatappears (to be)the best answer.Jefferiessoundsjust the man were looking for.Frankbecamea teacher. Thisproved(to be)a good investment.The boysremained

3、 the best of friends.To stay out sightseemed(to be)the wisest thing to do. 1.3 主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)(不定式/動(dòng)名詞)Her job in that schoolisto teach students EnglishSeeingisbelieving.2. 主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞2.1主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞+修飾成分(表時(shí)間方式等的副詞/短語(yǔ))主語(yǔ)不及物動(dòng)詞修飾成分(表時(shí)間方式等的副詞/短語(yǔ))The moonroseearly.The clothes-lineSagged.Veronicais reading.John and J

4、aneare arguingagain.The dooropened.Oil and waterdont mix.2.2主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞+修飾成分(介詞短語(yǔ))主語(yǔ)不及物動(dòng)詞介詞、介詞短語(yǔ)Helenis comingto dinner.The ministerreferredto the importance of exportsMothercant copewith the extra visitors.Peopleare complainingabout the traffic.Youcant relyon martin.Waterdoesntwith water.2.3主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞+修

5、飾成分(副詞小詞)主語(yǔ)不及物動(dòng)詞介詞、介詞短語(yǔ)A tigerhas gotout.A visitorcamein.The noisefadedaway.The trainwhistledpast.The househas warmed up.Well have totossup.2.4主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞+修飾成分(名詞/介詞 短語(yǔ))主語(yǔ)不及物動(dòng)詞介詞、介詞短語(yǔ)The bookcost (me)ten dollars.The roommeasures10 meters across.The meetinglastedfor three hours.The sea frontextendsfor t

6、hree miles.2.5主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞+修飾成分(動(dòng)詞不定式)主語(yǔ)不及物動(dòng)詞介詞、介詞短語(yǔ)Jane hesitatedto phone the office.We alllongedto get away for a family holiday.I wouldnt careto have a fight with him.Theywouldnt condescendto speak to ordinary mortal.3. 主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+直接賓語(yǔ)3.1主語(yǔ)+物動(dòng)詞+直接賓語(yǔ)(名詞/代詞或其短語(yǔ))主語(yǔ)及物動(dòng)詞名詞/代詞或其短語(yǔ)George was watchingtelevision

7、.Veronicais readinga fairy story.The companypaida colossal sum.Peterdoesnt oweanything.A small boyopenedthe door.3.2主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+直接賓語(yǔ)+ 修飾成分(介詞短語(yǔ))主語(yǔ)及物動(dòng)詞名詞/代詞或其短語(yǔ)修飾成分(介詞短語(yǔ))The teacher referredthe classto a passage in the textbook.The waiterservedSarahwith a double helping.The councilhave clearedthe pavemen

8、tof rubbish.The lecturerconfusedyour namewith mine.The visiting speakerthankedthe chairmanfor his kind remarks.3.3主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+直接賓語(yǔ)+修飾成分(副詞小詞)主語(yǔ)及物動(dòng)詞名詞/代詞或其短語(yǔ)修飾成分:副詞小詞Billhasa blue shirton.The frosthas killedthe budsoff.The nurseshookthe medicineupSallyis tidyingher roomup.3.3主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)主語(yǔ)3.4主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+直接賓語(yǔ)(that從

9、句)主語(yǔ)及物動(dòng)詞名詞/代詞或其短語(yǔ)The employersannouncedthat the dispute had been settled.The departmentproposedthat new salary scales should be introduced.Doctorshad notedthat the disease was spreadingOfficial believethat a settlement is possible.We considerthat Frank has been badly treated.The weathermen forecastt

10、hat more snow is on the way.3.3主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+直3.5主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+直接賓語(yǔ)(限定性從句或短語(yǔ)/非限定性從句或短語(yǔ))主語(yǔ)及物動(dòng)詞直接賓語(yǔ)(限定性從句或短語(yǔ)/非限定性從句或短語(yǔ)The classdoesnt knowwhat time is has to be in school/what time to be in school.The studentshavent learntwhich tutors they can rely on/which tutors to rely on.Billdiscoveredwho he had to give the m

11、oney to/who to give the money to.We hadnt decidedwhat we ought to do next/what to do next.3.3主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+3.6主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+直接賓語(yǔ)（非限定性短語(yǔ)：帶to的不定式)主語(yǔ)及物動(dòng)詞直接賓語(yǔ)（非限定性短語(yǔ)：帶to的不定式）Tomlovesto do the household chores.Billlikedto arrive early for meetings.Maryhatesto drive in the rush hour.The laboratoriesfailedto produce u

12、seful results.Janewantsto finish the job by tomorrow.Peterexpectsto be promoted soon.Irememberedto post your letters.The childrenWill still needto be looked after.3.7主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+直接賓語(yǔ)（非限定性短語(yǔ)【名詞或其短語(yǔ)/代詞】+帶to的不定式)主語(yǔ)及物動(dòng)詞直接賓語(yǔ)（非限定性短語(yǔ)【名詞或其短語(yǔ)/代詞】+帶to的不定式)Tonyprefershis wife/her to do the housework.The bosslikedt

13、he staff/them to arrive early for work.Juliahatesher husband/him to lose his tempers.The teacherwantsher class/them to finish the job by Wednesday.Iexpectthe parcel/it to arrive tomorrow.3.8主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+直接賓語(yǔ)(非限定性短語(yǔ):-ing形式)主語(yǔ)及物動(dòng)詞直接賓語(yǔ)(非限定性短語(yǔ):-ing形式)Peterenjoysplaying football.Johnpreferswalking to the offi

14、ce.Jillhatesworking in the garden.Fredstartedarguing.This airlinewill finishoperating next year.The laboratoriesceasedproducing useful results.Iremembered posting your letters.The childrenwill still needlooking after.3.9主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+直接賓語(yǔ)(非限定性短語(yǔ):人稱代詞/名詞或其短語(yǔ)所屬格+-ing形式)主語(yǔ)及物動(dòng)詞直接賓語(yǔ)：非限定性短語(yǔ)【人稱代詞/名詞或其短語(yǔ)所屬格】+-ing

15、形式Idont likehim/John interrupting all the time.Jillhateshim/her husband coming home late.Weanticipatedher/Mary(s) taking over the business.Our parentsdislikeus/our working late at night.The employersresentedthe satff(s)/their being consulted.3.10主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+直接賓語(yǔ)(非限定性短語(yǔ):代詞/名詞或其短語(yǔ)+-ing形式)主語(yǔ)及物動(dòng)詞直接賓語(yǔ)(非限定性短語(yǔ)

16、:代詞/名詞或其短語(yǔ)+-ing形式)Wewatchedthe men destroying the furniture.The porterheardsomeone slamming the door.The childrensawthe cat stealing the meat.The rescuersfeltJohn losing his grip of the rope.He noticeda child entering the courtyard.3.11主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+直接賓語(yǔ)(非限定性短語(yǔ):人稱代詞/名詞或其短語(yǔ)+帶to的不定式)主語(yǔ)及物動(dòng)詞直接賓語(yǔ)(非限定性短語(yǔ):人稱代詞/名

17、詞或其短語(yǔ)+帶to的不定式)Wewatchedthe men destroy the furniture.The porterheardsomeone slam the door.The childrensawthe cat steal the meat.The rescuersfeltJohn lose his grip of the rope.He noticeda child enter the courtyard.4.主語(yǔ)+雙及物動(dòng)詞+直接賓語(yǔ)+間接賓語(yǔ)4.1主語(yǔ)+雙及物動(dòng)詞+直接賓語(yǔ)+間接賓語(yǔ) (名詞或其短語(yǔ))主語(yǔ)雙及物動(dòng)詞直接賓語(yǔ)間接賓語(yǔ) (名詞或其短語(yǔ))The queenawar

18、dedthe pilota gallantry medal.The waiterpouredSaraha glass of water.Henritaughtthe childrenFrench.Christianawill lendusher flat.The departmenthas offeredMarya job.Iwill makeeveryonesome fresh coffee.FatherboughtEmmaa white cat.4.2主語(yǔ)+雙及物動(dòng)詞+直接賓語(yǔ)+間接賓語(yǔ) (to/for+名詞或其短語(yǔ)/代詞)主語(yǔ)雙及物動(dòng)詞直接賓語(yǔ)間接賓語(yǔ) (to/for+名詞或其短語(yǔ)/代詞

19、)The queenawardedthe medalto a helicopter pilot.The waiterpoureda glass of waterfor Sarah.HenritaughtFrenchto the children.Christianawill lendher flatto us.The departmenthas offeredher flatto Mary.Iwill makesome fresh coffeefor everyone.Fatherboughta white catfor Emma.4.3主語(yǔ)+雙及物動(dòng)詞+直接賓語(yǔ)+間接賓語(yǔ) (that從句)主

20、語(yǔ)雙及物動(dòng)詞間接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ) (that從句)ColleaguestoldPaulthat the job wouldnt be easy.The managerinformedthe audiencethat the show had been cancelled.Policewarneddriversthat the roads were icy.Wepersuadedthe survivorsthat they werent in any danger. 4.4主語(yǔ)+雙及物動(dòng)詞+ 間接賓語(yǔ)(to+名詞/名詞短語(yǔ))+直接賓語(yǔ)(that從句)主語(yǔ)雙及物動(dòng)詞間接賓語(yǔ)(to+名詞/名詞短語(yǔ))直接

21、賓語(yǔ) (that從句)The employersannouncedto journaliststhat the dispute had been settled.The consultantrecommendedto the employersthat new salary scales should be introduced.The garageexplainedto customersthat the spare parts had not been delivered.4.5主語(yǔ)+雙及物動(dòng)詞+ 間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)(非/限定性短語(yǔ)或從句)主語(yǔ)雙及物動(dòng)詞間接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ) (非/限定性短語(yǔ)或

22、從句)A friendly guardshowedthe prisonerhow he could escape/how to escape.Experiencehasnt taughtMarthawhom she can trust/whom to trust.The organizersdidnt tellthe childrenwhether they should bring a picnic lunch/whether to bring a picnic lunch.The porterremindedguestswhere they should leave their lugga

23、ge/where to leave their luggage.4.6主語(yǔ)+雙及物動(dòng)詞+ 間接賓語(yǔ)(to+名詞/名詞短語(yǔ)) +直接賓語(yǔ)(非/限定性短語(yǔ)或從句) 主語(yǔ)雙及物動(dòng)詞間接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)(非/限定性短語(yǔ)或從句) We explainedto the staffhow they should handle complaints/how to handle complaints.Youshould indicateto the teamwhere they are to assemble/where to assemble. 4.7主語(yǔ)+雙及物動(dòng)詞+ 間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)(非限定性短語(yǔ):帶to的

24、不定式)主語(yǔ)雙及物動(dòng)詞間接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ) (非限定性短語(yǔ):帶to的不定式)WetoldPeterto see a doctor.His teacheradvisedhimto take up the piano.The courtforbadethe fatherto see his children.John and MaryencouragedSimonto stay.4.8主語(yǔ)+雙及物動(dòng)詞+ 間接賓語(yǔ)(to+名詞/名詞短語(yǔ)) +直接賓語(yǔ)(非限定性短語(yǔ):帶to的不定式)主語(yǔ)雙及物動(dòng)詞間接賓語(yǔ)(to+名詞/名詞短語(yǔ))直接賓語(yǔ) (非限定性短語(yǔ):帶to的不定式)Shegesturedto the

25、childrento stand up.Fredsignaledto he waiterto bring another chair.Stephenshoutedto the chairmanto let someone else speak.A policemanmotionedto us to move to the side of the road. 5.主語(yǔ)+復(fù)合及物動(dòng)詞+直接賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)5.1主語(yǔ)+復(fù)合及物動(dòng)詞+直接賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)(形容詞或其短語(yǔ))主語(yǔ)復(fù)合物動(dòng)詞直接賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)(形容詞或其短語(yǔ))IimaginedhimMuch taller than that.Janeprefer

26、sHer coffeeblack.PeterhasA toothloose.The expertsconfusedthemselvesbaffled.The fridgekeepsThe beercool.The teachermadeThe lessoninteresting.The mayordeclaredThe meetingopen.5.2主語(yǔ)+復(fù)合及物動(dòng)詞+直接賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)(名詞或其短語(yǔ))主語(yǔ)復(fù)合物動(dòng)詞直接賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)(名詞或其短語(yǔ))WemadeFrankchairman.The clubelectedMr Jonesmembership secretary.WedeclareHolroydthe winner.The courtconsideredSmitha trustworthy witness.The rebelsare holdingherprisoner.5.3主語(yǔ)+復(fù)合及物動(dòng)詞+直接賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)(as+名詞形容詞或其短語(yǔ))主語(yǔ)復(fù)合物動(dòng)詞直接賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)(as+名詞形容詞或其短語(yǔ))Fellowsportsmen regardhim