復(fù)習(xí)課程--專題二：名詞性從句主語從句,賓語從句,表語從句,同位語從句

1、 名詞性從句知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)圖解定義：在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞從句 (Noun Clauses). 名詞性從句包括主語,賓語,表語,同位語從句. 名詞性從句中使用陳述句語序。 從屬連詞that; whether; if (只起引導(dǎo)從句的作用，在從句中不做句子成分） 連接代詞 what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, which,等.在從句 1.分類 中做主語，賓語，表語，定語等句子成分。 連接副詞when, where, how, why, whenever, however, wherever等在從句中做狀語成分。 引導(dǎo)名詞性 2

2、. 名詞性從句的連接詞選用原則：“缺什么就補(bǔ)什么” 從句的連接詞 I know what he is talking about. (從句中缺賓語,指物) Do you know who he is? (從句中缺表語,指人) Where he will go is unknown. (從句中缺地點(diǎn)狀語) Im sure that they will come tomorrow. (從句中什么都不缺) I dont know which book I should choose. (從句中缺定語) 定義：充當(dāng)主語功能的句子叫主語從句That she was chosen made a great

3、 stir (轟動(dòng)) in her school. 注意: it作形式主語的that-從句有以下四種不同的搭配關(guān)系： It + be +形容詞+ that-從句 It is necessary / important that. 是有必要 / 重要的. It + be + -ed 分詞+ that-從句 It is universally acknowledged that./ It is known that眾所周知 It + be +名詞+ that-從句 It is common knowledge/ a fact that 是常識(shí)/事實(shí) It +不及物動(dòng)詞+ that-分句 It ha

4、ppens that碰巧. / It occurs to sb.that 突然想起名 主語從句 It 作形式主語和it引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的比較 強(qiáng)調(diào)句： It is in the morning that the murder took place. (去掉該結(jié)構(gòu)后,句子成分完整) 詞 主語從句：It was a pity that you shouldnt go to see the film. （在句子中作主語成分）whatever /whichever/ whoever引導(dǎo)主語從句的區(qū)別 Whatever 是what的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式表示“無論什么”相當(dāng)于 anything that 從 Whateve

5、r / Anything that she does is wrong. whoever 是who的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式，表示無論誰 相當(dāng)于anyone who. 句 ever Whoever / Anyone who walks around in such a heavy rain will catch a cold. whichever 無論哪個(gè);無論哪些,既指人,又指物. 可修飾名詞與of連用 Whichever book you borrow doesnt matter to us. Whichever of us fulfills his task will lend a hand to ot

6、hers. 定義：在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)賓語功能的句子叫賓語從句We can learn what we didnt know.We find it necessary that we (should) practice English every day. 某些作表語的形容詞，如sure, happy, glad, certain等之后可帶賓語從句 I am glad that you can come and help me. 注意： wish/would rather后的賓語從句中要用虛擬語氣。 I wish I had finished my homework yesterday. Id ra

7、ther you had been there yesterday 在表示建議,命令, 請(qǐng)求的詞后面的賓語從句當(dāng)中用should + V, should可以省略 賓語從句 His pale face suggested that he was ill so I suggested that he should go to see the doctor. He insisted that he was innocent and insisted that he should be set free. 注意it作形式賓語的結(jié)構(gòu) We all thought it a pity that we ha

8、d missed the lesson. I took it for granted that they were not coming. that一般不接介詞賓語，偶爾可作except, in的賓語；其它介詞后面需用it作形式賓語 He differs from his roommates in that he devoted his spare time to reading. He knows nothing about Jim except that he is from London. You can depend on it that he will help you in tim

9、e of emergency. 表示好惡的動(dòng)詞如like; hate; love;enjoy; dislike; appreciate等后面不能直接跟賓語； I like it when the weather is sunny. I hate it when someone is later for my class. 定義：充當(dāng)表語功能的句子被叫做表語從句。 復(fù)習(xí)系動(dòng)詞的概念和類別！The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.表語從句 注意：reason后面的表語從句只能用that,不能

10、用why引導(dǎo). The reason is that（because ) The reason why we didnt trust him is that he has often lied. (該句型中why引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語從句) 定義：同位語從句跟在名詞后面，進(jìn)一步說明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容. 這些名詞主要是表示抽象概念的詞如fact, news, promise, idea, truth; possibility; statement; warning; advice等 同位語的引導(dǎo)詞有that; whether; why; who; where; how等；其中that和whether只起引導(dǎo)

11、作用其他連詞具有實(shí)際意思，同時(shí)在同位語中作句子成分。 The news that China broken the world record in the Olympic Games has cheered all of us. The question why so many people would choose to live in the countryside but to work in the city is still 同位語從句 under discussion. ( why 引導(dǎo)同位語從句解釋說明中心語question的內(nèi)容；且why在從句中作狀語) 注意： 只起引導(dǎo)作用時(shí)

12、，連接詞用that而不用which Where did you get the idea that she could not come. 同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別： 就看that在作引導(dǎo)的從句中是否做句子成分 The suggestion that he raised at the meeting is very important. （that 引導(dǎo)定語) The suggestion that the students should have plenty of exercise is very good. (that引導(dǎo)同位語從句)在名詞性從句當(dāng)中只能用wh, 在引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句兩者

13、可以互換. No matter+wh He will believe whatever others say. (劃線部分部分為名詞性從句，不能互換)名 wh+ever區(qū)別 Whatever others say, he will believe it. (劃線部分為狀語從句，可以互換) Whoever walks around in such a heavy rain will catch a cold. (不可互換)詞 原則：能用if的情況，都能用whether表“是否”性 在表語, 同位語，主語(置于句首時(shí))從句時(shí)只用whether表“是否” The question is whethe

14、r the film is worth seeing. （表語從句）從 I have no idea whether we should go to the party. （同位語從句）Whether we shall attend the meeting hasnt been decided yet. (主語從句 句首)句 It hasnt been decided yet if we shall attend the meeting. Whether / if區(qū)別 It is doubtful whether / if he will come here. (主語從句，句末時(shí)可互換) 形容

15、詞；介詞；discuss后的賓語從句中只用whether表“是否” It depends on whether you can do the work well. (介詞賓語) 幾個(gè)難點(diǎn) The students are discussing whether they will go out for a picnic this Sunday. I am not sure whether he will come here or not. (形容詞的賓語) whether與to do； whether與or或 or not 的搭配 The question is whether to stay

16、or leave. Do you mind whether a man or woman does the job. ：主語，表語，同位語從句中that不能省略 That they are good at English is known to all. （主語從句） The problem is that we dont have enough money. （表語從句） The fact that there are still many people suffering from poverty is really a great problem to the Chinese gover

17、nment. (同位語從句) ：在賓語從句中that在以下幾種情況中不能省略關(guān)于that的省略 做介詞賓語時(shí)that不能省略I know nothing about my neighbor except that he used to work abroad. 由it作形式賓語時(shí)，that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中，that不可省略 We all consider it important that every student (should) be treated properly. 句子含多個(gè)并列句時(shí)，引導(dǎo)第二和以后幾個(gè)從句的that不可省略Everyone knew what happened a

18、nd that she was worried. 賓語從句被隔開時(shí)，that不能省略 I never doubt, under any circumstance, that he will study hard. 如果名詞性從句中又含有從句，此時(shí)that不能省略 Keep in mind that if you want others to respect you, you must respect others first. (that不能省略，后面的賓語從句中含有一個(gè)條件狀語從句)1. His success was because of _ he had been working har

19、d.A. that B. the fact which C.the fact that D.the fact2.Is Mary from New York City I dont know _.A. from what city does she come from B. from what city she comeC. what city does she come from D. what city she comes from3._ makes mistakes must correct them.A. What B. That C. Whoever D. Whatever4. The

20、 reason why I didnt go to Shanghai was _ a new job.A. because I got B. because of getting C. I got D. that I got5. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey.A. while B. that C. if D. for 6. Henry killed the dog. Ill ask him why _.A. did he do that B. he did that C. he did D. he has done so 7.

21、 Have you seen Henry lately My boss wants to know _.A. how he is getting along B. how is he getting alongC. what he is getting along D. what is he getting along8. It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever9. He asked me _ with

22、me.A. what is the trouble B. what wrong was C. what was the matter D. what trouble it is10. I am sure _ he said is true.A. that B. about that C. of that D. that what11. When and why he came here _ yet.A. is not known B. are not known C. has not known D. have not bee12.I wonder how much _.A. does the

23、 watch cost B. did the watch cost C. the watch costed D. the watch costs13. Mary is _ someone might recognize her.A. afraid of B. afraid about C. afraid that D. afraid for14._ is no reason for dismissing her.A. Because she was a few minutes late B. Owing to a few minutes lateC. The fact that she was

24、 a few minutes late D. Being a few minutes late15. They came to the conclusion _ by a computer.A. that not all things can be done B. because of not all things be doneC. being not all things can be done D. because not all things can be done16. Why the explosion occurred was _ the laboratory attendant

25、 had been careless.A. for B. because C. since D. that17. I dont doubt _ hell come.A. that B. if C. what D. whether18.Why did you go to the wrong class, Mr. Wang Well, I forget _ I was supposed to go to.A. which the room B. which room C. what was the room D. what room was it19. Output is now six time

26、s _ it was before liberation.A. that B. which C. what D. of which20. Mary: Helen is a mere washer woman, yet shes now buying a big house.Carol: Yes. Because shes always saved _.A. what little she earns B. how little she earns C. for little she earns D. with little she earns21._ surprised me most was

27、 _ such a little boy of seven could play the violin so well.A. That.what B. What.that C. That.which D. What.which22. We gave him _ help we could.A. which B. what C. that D. this23. She is pleased with what you have given him and _ you have told him.A. that B. which C. all what D. all that 24. Excuse

28、 me would you please tell me _ A. when the sports meet is taken place B. when is the sports meet going to be heldC. when is the sports meet to begin D. when the sports meet is to take place25. Do you happen to know _ A. what size shoes he wears B. how big shoes he wearsC. what is the size of his sho

29、es D. what number shoes are his26. This book will show you _ can be used in other contexts.A. how you have observed B. how what you have observedC. that you have observed D. how that you have observed27. Where do you think _ A. has he gone B. has he been C. hes gone D. was he28. Do you know _ A. how

30、 many populations there are in the world B. how much population there is in the worldC. how many the population of the world isD. what the population of the world is29. Would you go and see _ outside A. what to take place B. what Tom has happened C. what is happening D. what the matter had been30. T

31、he subject of What is interesting is that I do not even know him. is_.A. What B. interesting C. What is interesting D. I31._ I think he is Charles.A. Who do you think he is B. Do you think who he isC. Whom do you think he isD. Do you think who he is32. He didnt know which room _.A. they lived B. the

32、y lived in C. did they live D. did they live in33. The little boy ate _ his mother gave him.A. that B. which C. whatever D. no matter what34. The city is no longer _. A. what it is B. that it used to be C. which it was D. what it used to be35. My parents used _ they had to get a new car for me.A. wh

33、ich B. that C. what D. all what36._ we go swimming every day _ us a lot of good.A. If.do B. That.do C. If.does D. That.does37._ was the idea _ the wife thought of A. What.that B. That.what C. How.why D. Why.how38._ did he tell his wife _ he wished to do A. That.what B. What.that C. Where.which D. Wh

34、ich.where 39.One of the men held the view _ the book said was right.A. what that B. that what C. that which D. which that40. I have no idea _ or not he has finished the work.A. if B. that C. whether D. which41.Do you know _ His father is a doctor.A. what is his father B. who is his fatherC. what his

35、 father is D. who his father is 42. Is this _ we met each other two years ago A. place B. place in which C. where D. place which43. It _ Bob drives badly.A. thinks that B. is thought what C. thought that D. is thought that44.We all know the truth _ there are air, water and sunlight there are living

36、things.A. where B. wherever C. that D. that wherever 45. They discussed _ they could settle the problem without others help.A. if B. that C. what D. whether46. She asked _.A. what I was doing when she rang me up B. what was I doing when she rang me upC. when she rang me up what I was doing D. when d

37、id she ring me up what I was doing47. - May I borrow the ring - You can take _ you like.A. no matter what B. which C. whichever D. that 48. He said that he was fond of _.A. what beautiful is B. what is beautiful C. beautiful is what D. what it is beautiful49. He insisted that he _ in good health and

38、 _ to work there.A. was, be sent B. is, is sent C. be, was sent D. be, send50. Do you know _ he expects will give us a talk A. who B. whom C. that D. whose51. Its uncertain _ the experiment is worth doing.A. if B. that C. whether D. how52. They would have fixed the telephone yesterday _ it was a hol

39、iday.A. except B. except for C. except that D. but for53._ is to do good all ones life and never do anything bad.A. Whichever is hard B. No matter what is hardC. What is hard D. All what is hard54._ the boy didnt take medicine made his mother angry.A. That B. What C. How D. Which55. As the day was f

40、ine, I made the suggestion _ for a walk in the park.A.we go B.we will go C.should we go D.that we go56._ we cant get seems better than _ we have.A. What, what B. What, that C. That, that D. That, what57._ you dont like him is none of my business. A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether58. You cant imagine

41、 _ when they received these nice Christmas presents.A. how they were excited B. how excited they wereC. how excited were they D. they were how excited59._ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where60_he really means is _he disagrees with us.A. What that B. That

42、 what C. Why that D. If what61._is going to do the job will be decided by the Party committee.A. That B. Why C. How D. Who62._well finish translating the book depends on the time.A. When B. Why C. What D. That63._the house will be built will be discussed at tomorrows meeting.A. If B. Where C. That D. What64._he wont go there is clear to all of us