滴血之作：動詞不定式精講精練

1、始于1989 五星級名校沖刺第一品牌個性化學(xué)科優(yōu)化學(xué)案學(xué)員姓名科目英語年級教師何老師課 題高考-動詞不定式教學(xué)組長簽字授課時間月 日備課時間月 日簽字確認(rèn)老師： 學(xué)生：作業(yè)布置學(xué)員課堂表現(xiàn)學(xué) 習(xí)目 標(biāo)1 正確掌握并運(yùn)用不定式的時態(tài)語態(tài)2 掌握不定式的幾種特殊形式重、難、考 點(diǎn) 準(zhǔn)確把握不定式的時態(tài)語態(tài)教學(xué)過程鷹擊長空基礎(chǔ)不丟1. Mrs Smith _ after drinking.(warn)史密斯太太警告她的女兒永遠(yuǎn)不要酒后開車。2. They are believed _ something secret.(talk)相信他們似乎正在談些秘密的事情。3. The student_when

2、 his mother came in.(pretend.)當(dāng)這個學(xué)生的母親進(jìn)來時，他假裝正在努力學(xué)習(xí)。4. They _ something they had cooked on thefire.(seem)他們好像在吃火上燒烤過的什么東西。5. Charles Babbage is generally _ the firstcomputer.(consider)人們認(rèn)為查爾斯巴比奇發(fā)明了第一臺計算機(jī)。6. She _.(hate)她討厭被人嘲笑。7. The magazines _out of the reading room.(allow)這些雜志不可以被帶出閱覽室。8. He _ in

3、 the accident.(say)據(jù)說，他在事故中受傷了。9. The man _ to the hospital.(report)據(jù)報道，那個人已經(jīng)被送進(jìn)醫(yī)院了。10. The book _ into Chinese.(translate) 據(jù)說，這本書已被譯成了漢語。重點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)句式歸納：1. 據(jù)說，據(jù)報道，人們相信，人們認(rèn)為It is said/reported/believed/considered that sb/sth=sb/sth is said to do/to be doing/to have done/to have been done It seems that sb i

4、s doing= sb seems to be doing sth 某人好像正在做某事2. 不得不；必然；不能不 cannot but do / couldnt help but do I cannot but go aboard. She couldnt help but love him.3. It is + adj + (for/of sb) + to do sth It is easy for me to do that. It is kind of you to help us.4. 某人第幾個做什么事情 He is often the first to come to the of

5、fice.5. 為了 in order to do /so as to do 6. 只能做 have nothing to do but do 不干什么事情就是做 do nothing but do 別無選擇只有 have no choice but to do sth7. who/what/which/when/where/how + to do 作主語，賓語，表語 I dont know what to do . When to start has not been decided.8 . ，only to do 作結(jié)果狀語，表示意料之外的結(jié)果 區(qū)別：，doing 表示意料之中的結(jié)果非謂語

6、動詞I want to swim today.(不定式)Its no good waiting here(動名詞)The sleeping boy is my son.(現(xiàn)在分詞)The glass is broken（過去分詞）I 在句中充當(dāng)除謂語以外的句子成分的動詞形式叫做非謂語動詞。非謂語動詞分為三種形式：不定式、動名詞和分詞（分詞包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞）不定式主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)與謂語動詞的關(guān)系一般式To doTo be done動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之后進(jìn)行式To be doing與謂語動作同時發(fā)生完成式To have doneTo have been done動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前完成進(jìn)行

7、式To have been doing動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前To do that sort of thing is foolish。主語I want to see you this evening. 賓語All you have to do is to finish it quickly. 表語We found a house to live in. 定語She came here to study English. 狀語I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operation. 賓補(bǔ)不定式或不定式短語可起名詞，形容詞和副詞的

8、作用，在句中做主語，賓語，表語，定語，狀語和賓語補(bǔ)足語。 不定式的否定式否定不定式時，否定副詞(not,never,seldom,hardly) +to do前。如:She checked the names so as not to make mistakes. 一. 不定式在句中的作用：1、主語：不定式做主語時，可以直接放在謂語動詞之前。eg: To make a new dress takes her a lot of time. Not to get there in time is your fault.注：常句型1：It + 謂語 + to doeg: It takes us an

9、 hour to get there by bus.句型2：Its + n. + to doeg: Its our duty to help the poor.句型3：It is adj. for/of sb. to do sth. E.g. It is important for him to get up early. It is very honest of her to help the old people.注：for/of sb to do sth 為不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。 1) of引起的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)只能做主語。eg: Its very kind of you to help me.用it

10、做形式主語，將to do放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。 2) for引起的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中可做主語，賓語，表語，定語，狀語等。eg: Another method is for them to leave at once. (表語) Wed better find some work for the children to do. (定語) He put the paper on desk for you to read. (狀語) What he told her made it impossible for him to go on her work. (賓語) Its common for

11、 leaves to fall from the trees in autumn. (主語)2、做表語：主語+系動詞+不定式1). 其主語多為抽象名詞(wish, need)eg: My wish is to be a scientist. The main thing is to keep our room clean.2). 不定式to let, to blame, to seek做表語,主動表被動.eg: The house is to let.3). be to do可構(gòu)成將來時態(tài),表 “準(zhǔn)備/打算/計劃/需要”; be是助動詞，無詞義,其主語為具體名詞(人/事物); eg: She

12、is to return next week. It was about to leave when it started to rain.3、做定語: 不定式做定語總是放在它所修飾的名詞之后,不定式表示的行為通常是未來的行為,它們常和被修飾的詞有動賓關(guān)系,主謂關(guān)系和修飾性關(guān)系.1). 動賓關(guān)系: I have a lot of work to do. Give me a piece of paper to write on.2). 主謂關(guān)系: She is the best person to finish the work. Women and children were the firs

13、t to get into the lifeboat.3). 修飾性關(guān)系(同位),它所修飾的詞多為抽象名詞. need, time, way, right, chance, courage, reason, wish, movement. eg: There is no need for him to come. He has no time to read the book.4. 做狀語:1). 目的狀語: 可放于句首,也可放于句末, 前面可加in order/so as/soas to表強(qiáng)調(diào).eg: He went to see the artist himself. He stopped

14、 to have a look. He ran so fast as to get to school in time.2). 結(jié)果狀語:主要用在enough to/tooto/only to結(jié)構(gòu)中。eg: The question is too difficult to answer. They worked hard enough to finish their work. I hurried to the supermarket, only to find it was closed.3). 原因狀語: 主語+系動詞+adj.+ to doa). 表感情的adj.有: happy, su

15、rprised, pleased, glad, sorry, anxious(憂慮), disappointed, careful, afraid, wrong.eg: Im very sorry to see you. He was afraid to leave him home.b). 說明句中主語在哪個方面存在形容詞所表示的情況時,即與句中主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，主動表被動. interesting, difficult, easy, important, possible, expensive, dangerous, useful.eg: The question is easy

16、to answer. He is difficult to teach.5. 做賓語: 不定式做賓語的情況，一般表示將來的行為,這時謂語和不定式的動作都是主語發(fā)出的.1). 下列動詞只能按不定式做賓語.后接不定式做賓語的動詞hope, agree, dare, decide, determinebegin, start, refuse, prepare,offermanage,try, aim, forget, remember ，chooseseem, pretend, learn, love, hate等。 (可記：希望同意敢決定，開始拒絕備提供，設(shè)法瞄準(zhǔn)忘記選，似乎假裝學(xué)愛憎。)2).

17、不定式做動詞tell, teach, know, show, find out, discover, see(understand)的賓語時,不定式前常加連接代詞who, which, what+to do和連接副詞how, when, where+ to do構(gòu)成不定式短語做賓語.eg: I dont know how to get there.3). begin, start, continue 后接不定式,動名詞意思一樣. 4). like, love, hate, prefer動名詞表經(jīng)常性的動作，不定式表一次性動作.5). remember, forget, regret后動名詞表已

18、經(jīng)做過的動作,不定式表沒有做過或?qū)⒁龅膭幼?6). stop, try, go on, mean, propose 后兩者都可, 但意義不同. Stop to do 停止A去做B stop doing 停止正在做的事 try to do 想方設(shè)法做 try doing 嘗試做 go on to do 繼續(xù)做不同于前面的事 go on doing 繼續(xù)做前面的事 mean to do 打算做 mean doing 意味著 propose to do計劃,打算做 propose doing 建議做 7). a). prefer doing to doing prefer to do rather

19、 than do b). be used to doing used to do c). its no use doing its useless to do d). be worth doing (This place is worth visiting.) be worthy of being done (This place is worthy of being visited.) be worthy to be done (This place is worthy to be visited.)6. 做賓補(bǔ)(與賓語之間的關(guān)系實(shí)際上是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系)1). 有些動詞(短語)必須接to的

20、不定式做賓補(bǔ)后接不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動詞 :permit,request,allow,command,tell,invite,cause,encouragewarn,adivse,persuade force,order,remind,teach等。(可記首字母：practice wap fort 實(shí)踐攻克堡壘。)E.g. He asked me to help him. He forced me to give him a pen.ask, warn, want, allow, permit, order, advise, force, beg, cause, encourage, invite,

21、 persuade, get, require, prefer, call, leave, expect, use(allow/permit/advise doing sth)2). 與表示說話或心理狀態(tài)的動詞say, report, believe, suppose, think, understand, consider等的被動語態(tài)連用.eg: He is said to have written a new book about workers. He is considered to have worked out that problem.3). 與表示希望，期望，意愿的動詞expe

22、ct, hope, mean, intend, plan, think, want, wish的過去時態(tài)連用，表曾經(jīng)打算設(shè)想做卻沒做的事.eg: They expected to have gone to the match, but the tickets were all sold. They had expected to go to the match.二, 不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài) A 不定式的一般式(to do) 不定式的一般式表示的動作通常與主要謂語的動作同時或幾乎同時發(fā)生，或是在它之后發(fā)生。 He appears to be very happy. 他看起來好像很高興。（同時發(fā)生）

23、To catch the train, wed better hurry to the station by taxi. 為了趕上火車，我們最好趕緊乘出租車去車站。（to catch the train發(fā)生在hurry to the station之后） B不定式的進(jìn)行式(to be doing) 不定式的進(jìn)行式表示正在進(jìn)行的或與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生的動作。 It happened to be raining when I got there. 我到達(dá)那里的時候，天碰巧在下雨。 Im glad to be traveling with you. 我很高興和你一起旅游。 C 不定式的完成式 (to

24、have done) 不定式的完成式表示的動作在謂語表示的動作之前發(fā)生。 Im sorry to have lost your key. 我很抱歉把你的鑰匙弄丟了。 It has been an honor for me to have been invited to your country. 對我來說，被邀請來你們國家是一件很榮幸的事情。 D 不定式的完成進(jìn)行式(to have been doing) 不定式的完成進(jìn)行式表示的動作在謂語之前發(fā)生并且一直進(jìn)行著。 He was said to have been living in London for twenty years. 據(jù)說他在倫

25、敦一直住了20年。 Im sorry to have been interrupting you. 很抱歉，我一直打擾你。 比較： 不定式的時態(tài)意義。 He is said to be studying abroad. 據(jù)說他正在國外讀書。（不定式的進(jìn)行式表示動作正在進(jìn)行） He is said to have studied abroad. 據(jù)說他在國外學(xué)習(xí)過。（不定式的完成式表示動作已經(jīng)結(jié)束）E 不定式的被動形式 當(dāng)不定式邏輯上的主語是這個不定式表示的動作的承受者時，不定式一般要用被動形式。不定式的被動形式根據(jù)其與謂語動作發(fā)生的先后關(guān)系，有一般式和完成時兩種。 1一般式 to be don

26、e (后發(fā)生，未發(fā)生) These are the books to be given out to the students. 這些是要發(fā)給學(xué)生的書。 He asked to be sent to the place where he was most needed. 他要求被派往最需要他的地方。 2完成式 to have been done（早發(fā)生，已發(fā)生） The novel is said to have been translated into many languages. 據(jù)說這部小說已被譯成多種語言。 He appeared to have been questioned fo

27、r many times. 看起來他已經(jīng)被詢問過很多次了。 非謂語動詞歷來是高考中的重點(diǎn)，不定式結(jié)構(gòu)在考點(diǎn)中常占很大比重。其中TO的用法很復(fù)雜，現(xiàn)就TO在一些結(jié)構(gòu)中常被省略的情況作如下小結(jié)。 1感官動詞和使役動詞在主動語態(tài)中不需要帶to，即我們常說的“一覺二聽三讓五看”：feel,listen to 、hear ,let、make、have, see、watch、notice、observe、look at.He noticed Tom take a branch of flowers in his hand.他注意到湯姆手中拿著一束鮮花。The teacher has us write a

28、composition every week.老師要我們每周寫一篇文章。The person was seen to enter the shop by us . 我們看見那個人進(jìn)了那家商店。 但當(dāng)這些動詞為被動時其后的不定式必須帶to. 如 He saw two men enter the room. I was made to do it 2由 all， what 引導(dǎo)的定語從句或主語從句或者主語被only, first, one, least 或形容詞最高級修飾時，而且從句中含有do時，做表語的動詞不定式，則往往省去to。即前有do，后不要to。All I did was empty t

29、he bottle.我所做的是倒空這個瓶子。What I wanted to do was drive all night.我想做的是徹夜開車。 The only thing I could do was do it myself 。我惟一能做的是我自己解決。but或except后接不定式時，如果它們前面有do便可省略to，其結(jié)構(gòu)為can not do but/except (to ）do，She can do nothing but/except sing.她除了唱歌什么也沒做。 There is nothing he could do but play all day long。他除了整天

30、玩，別無它事可做。 3常用的結(jié)構(gòu)may well do，may as well do (還是好了，不妨)We might as well put up here for tonight.我們不妨今晚就在這兒過夜。 4不定式做help后的賓語補(bǔ)足語或賓語時，可帶to也可不帶。Can I help（to） carry it for you? 我可以幫你搬嗎？I helped him（to） mend the bike.我?guī)椭蘩碜孕熊嚒?5在had better，would rather，rather than之后省略to。 Would rather do than do 寧愿.不愿.I wou

31、ld rather run away from home than marry her.Youd better not tell him the news .你最好不把這個消息告訴他。Rather than wait anyone, I decided to go home by taxi.我決定乘出租車回家而不愿等候任何人。突飛猛進(jìn)考試連線 不定式符號的單獨(dú)使用 為了避免重復(fù)上文中出現(xiàn)過的動詞，可以用不定式符號to來代替上文中出現(xiàn)過的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。 1在助動詞或情態(tài)動詞之后，如be going to, used to, have to, ought to, be able to, be abo

32、ut to等。 She must go but you dont have to. 她必須走，但你沒有必要。 -Do you think I ought to go to see my doctor 你認(rèn)為我應(yīng)該去看醫(yī)生嗎？ -Yes, I think you ought to. 是的，我想你應(yīng)該去。 2在want, decide, like, love, hope, wish, mean, refuse, try等動詞之后。 You may go with them if you hope to. 如果你希望的話，你可以和他們一起去。 -Did you go to see the Great

33、 Wall 你游覽長城了嗎？ -I wanted to, but I was too busy. 我本來想去的，但我太忙了。 3在做賓語補(bǔ)足語的ask, tell, order, advise, persuade, warn, wish, permit, allow, forbid等動詞之后。 Dont do anything unless your father tells you to. 除非你父親叫你去做，不然不要做任何事情。 -May I use your car 我可以用你的汽車嗎？ -No, I forbid you to. 不，我禁止你使用。 4在對話的答語中的happy, glad, eager, anxious, willing, ready, pleased, afraid等形容詞之后。 -Will you lend me a hand 你能幫我一個忙嗎？ -Im willing to, but I cant now. 我很愿意，但現(xiàn)在不行。 -Would you please come to my birthday party tomorrow 明天下午來參加我的生日聚會好嗎？ -Ill be glad to. 我很樂意。 提示： 如果動詞不定式是to be或to ha