arguementativeessaywritingPPT教學(xué)課件

1、Page 1The writing principles for writing an argumentative essay第1頁/共22頁P(yáng)age 21) What is argumentation or persuasionArgumentation or persuasion is a l o g i c a l w a y o f e s s a y development by which the writer tries to convince readers o r o t h e r p e o p l e o f t h e s o u n d n e s s of a p

2、a r t i c u l a r opinion on a controversial issue.第2頁/共22頁P(yáng)age 3 What is the purpose of writing an argumentative or persuasive essay? Argumentation is usually used for three p u r p o s e s . O n e p u r p o s e i s t o p e r s u a d e reasonable people to agree to an opinion. Another is simply to

3、defend an opinion, to establish its validity even if others cannot be persuaded to agree. A third purpose of argumentation is to oppose some opinion you believe to be misguided, untrue, or evil, without necessarily offering an alternative of your opinion. However, the most common purpose of writing

4、an argumentation or persuasion is to convince or persuade the readers. 第3頁/共22頁P(yáng)age 4 What is the main difference between exposition and argumentation? In expository essays, the writers usually just present their point of views and then explain them as clearly as possible. In other words, expository

5、 essay writing involves nothing more than presenting a point of view and providing evidence. An expository essay makes known something and explains it to make the reader understand.第4頁/共22頁P(yáng)age 5 But argumentation or persuasion involves more than presenting a point of view and providing evidence . A

6、rgumentation is actually exposition with the additional purpose of convincing or persuading.第5頁/共22頁P(yáng)age 6Argumentation VS. expositionWhat it involvesWhat it aims atexposition1.presenting a point 2.Explaining, clarifying, and illustrating the pointGetting readers to understand the point of viewargum

7、entation1.assuming controversy2.Presenting a point 3.explaining , clarifying and illustrating the pint of view4.supporting proof for the point5. Refuting opposing viewpoint1.Convincing readers that the point of view is sound.2.encouraging readers to accept the point of view.Encouraging readers to ta

8、ke action第6頁/共22頁P(yáng)age 7Essential elements of argumentation The issue: a assuming controversy , a problem, or an idea about which people disagree and hold different points of view. The claim: the point of view the writer tries to improve about the issue, usually the writers view on the issue. The sup

9、port: ideas and information intended to convince readers that the claim is sound or believed. The three common types of support are reasons, evidence and emotional appeal. The refutation: recognizes / acknowledges and argues against opposing viewpoints第7頁/共22頁P(yáng)age 8 Therefore, while preparing to wri

10、te an argumentation, we need to judge whether a topic is arguable. 第8頁/共22頁P(yáng)age 9The necessary semantic elements of an argumentative essay are likely to be as follows: Proposition or introduction (clarifying the controversy and state your viewpoint) sufficient evidence to confirm your point of view

11、or refute the opposing views (using examples, facts, statistic findings, or personal experiences and observation ) restatement of your thesis第9頁/共22頁P(yáng)age 10 Establish the necessary points: (1)introduction: your introduction should clarify the controversy and state your thesis, which is often called

12、the assertion or proposition. Be sure that your position focuses on a controversial issue in addition to your view.第10頁/共22頁P(yáng)age 11A sample Husband should Help with the Housework For years，that husbands help with the housework has been regarded as a shameful and abnormal act which went against Chine

13、se traditions. However, with the development of society and advancement of civilization, the equality between males and females is further stressed. Consequently, people put forward that husband should help with the housework.第11頁/共22頁P(yáng)age 12Body: In the body, the writer should provide reasons to su

14、pport the thesis. The first part of the body is usually the confirmation. In the confirmation, you have to present convincing evidence for your thesis. The evidence must be unified, adequate, specific, accurate, representative and reasonable. The usual source of evidence consists of examples, facts,

15、 expert opinions, statistic findings and personal experiences or observation. 第12頁/共22頁P(yáng)age 13body: Why should husband help with the housework? To begin with, each member of the family has the obligation to do the housework, and husbands are no exceptions. In the second place, it is a virtue for a h

16、usband to relieve his wife from endless family chores. By doing so, both of them are able to strike a balance between work and family. Most importantly, husbands who help with the housework show a sense of responsibility and hence set a good example to their children. It is reported that families wh

17、ose chores are done by both the wife and the husband jointly are happier and not easy to break up.第13頁/共22頁P(yáng)age 14 Since argumentation focuses on controversial issues, you should also take opposing views into account. Therefore in the second part of the body, we usually acknowledge the good points o

18、f opposing views and then refute the differing viewpoints. 第14頁/共22頁P(yáng)age 15 Determining the proper pattern to organize the evidences 第15頁/共22頁P(yáng)age 16c o n c l u s i o n : r e s t a t e m e n t o f t h e thesis/urge to take action第16頁/共22頁P(yáng)age 17conclusion:Taking into account of all these factors, we

19、 may safely arrive at the conclusion that husbands should help with the housework, which can add happiness and color to family life. 第17頁/共22頁P(yáng)age 18 Thinking about the language use Tenses: the simple present tense to present the point of view and to provide the evidence objectively. Mood: most clau

20、ses are in the declarative mood as the author has to persuade the reader by presenting evidence; a few clauses in the interrogative mood for reasoning; subjunctive mood (would, might, could, should, etc.) is also possibly used for supposition and giving suggestions.第18頁/共22頁P(yáng)age 19 Clause type: use

21、both simple sentences and complex clauses linked by conjunctions such as “since”, “as”, “because”, “for”, “not only but also”, etc. (Ask the students to find these expressions.) For being objective, passive voice can be used. Words and phrases: agree to a view; agree with one; agree that; accept sth

22、; oppose sth.; objection (to sth.); claim; assert; argue; suggest (make suggestions); in favor of ; advantages; disadvantages; Mode: written to be read (avoid using oral expressions)第19頁/共22頁P(yáng)age 20Husband should Help with the Housework With the development of economy, we have not only the basic nee

23、ds, such as food, clothes, water and so on, but also many other needs to make our life colorful. Theres no doubt that the youth need a colorful life badly, and how about senior citizens? Should they pursue a colorful life or not? As far as I am concerned, senior citizens should also pursue a colorful life. At the very beginning, its time for them to have a colorful life. Almost all the senior citizens had a very hard life when they were young. Although they did their best to support their families, they had not ex