高三英語定語從句復習課件

1、Book3 unit1 Reading人教修訂版人教修訂版 高三高三宣化縣第一中學田海梅 英語課件高 三 英 語 課 件The Attributive Clause(定語從句)張家口市宣化縣第一中學張家口市宣化縣第一中學 田海梅田海梅一、定義及相關術語一、定義及相關術語 1.定語從句：定語從句： 修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。定語從句一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞之后定語從句一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞之后2.先行詞先行詞： 被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。3.關系詞關系詞： 引導定語從句的詞叫關系詞。引導定語從句的詞叫關系詞。關系代

2、詞：關系代詞：that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等。等。 關系副詞：關系副詞：when, where, why關關 系系 詞詞指人指人指物指物主語主語賓語賓語定語定語that whichwhowhomwhose 關系代詞的用法關系代詞的用法 關系代詞在從句中可以：關系代詞在從句中可以：何時可以省略？何時可以省略？做做賓語賓語時可以省略時可以省略關系副詞的用法 關系副詞（關系副詞（when, where, why)：在從句中：在從句中分別作時間狀語、地點狀語和原因狀語。分別作時間狀語、地點狀語和原因狀語。其中 when=介詞（in, at, on等）+which

3、 where=介詞（in, at, on等）+which why=for+which關系代詞和先行詞的關系關系代詞和先行詞的關系1.A plane is a machine that can fly. 2.The boy who broke the window is called Tom.3.The boy whose parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather.4.The school where I study is far from my home.the machine = thatthe boy =whothe boys =

4、whosein the school = where關系代詞實際上是先行詞的復指關系代詞實際上是先行詞的復指關系詞關系詞whose實際上是先行詞的所有格實際上是先行詞的所有格關系副詞實際上是介詞先行詞關系副詞實際上是介詞先行詞關系詞實際上是先行詞的復指關系詞實際上是先行詞的復指關系副詞和先行詞的關系關系副詞和先行詞的關系I still remember the day when I came here. This is the house where I lived last year. There are many reasons why people like traveling. I d

5、ont like the way that you speak. on the day =whenin the house= wherefor the reasons =whyin the way =that關系副詞實際上是介詞先行詞關系副詞實際上是介詞先行詞關系代詞與關系副詞的選擇關系代詞與關系副詞的選擇 用關系代詞還是關系副詞引導定語從句用關系代詞還是關系副詞引導定語從句主要看關系詞在定語從句中的作用（即所擔主要看關系詞在定語從句中的作用（即所擔當?shù)某煞郑┊數(shù)某煞郑?Compare :A. I know a place where we can have a picnic.I know a

6、 place which / that is famous for its beautiful natural scenery. B. I will never forget the days when we spent our holidays together.I will never forget the days that / which we spent together. C. This is the reason why he was dismissed.This is the reason that / which he explained to me for his not

7、attending the meeting.二、定語從句的分類二、定語從句的分類定語從句定語從句The Restrictive Attributive Clause限制性定語從句限制性定語從句The Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause非限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句A.限制性定語從句限制性定語從句 形式上不用逗號“，”與主句隔開。意義上是先行詞不可缺少的定語，如刪除，主句則失去意義或意思表達不完整。B.非限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句 只是對先行詞的補充說明，如刪除，主句仍能表達完整的意思。譯法上譯成先行詞的定語“的” 通常譯成主句的并列句。Please co

8、mpare:形式形式作用作用能否省略能否省略 翻譯翻譯限制性定限制性定語從句語從句緊跟從句緊跟從句之后之后非限制性非限制性定語從句定語從句與主句并與主句并列翻譯列翻譯插入成分插入成分修飾限定修飾限定補充解釋補充解釋不能不能能能.的的The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on. China is a country which has a long history. In the street I saw a man who was from Africa.限制性定語從句舉例：非限制性定語從句舉例

9、非限制性定語從句舉例 ：His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful. Teachers who are kind are popular with the students.Mr Wang, who is kind, is popular with the students.試比較限制性定語從句和非限試比較限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句：制性定語從句：The town where I li

10、ve is beautiful.Kenli, where I live, is beautiful.限制性定語從句省略后主語所指就不明確，限制性定語從句省略后主語所指就不明確，所以不能省略所以不能省略非限制性定語從句和單句的比較非限制性定語從句和單句的比較2.He failed in the exam._ made his parents angry.3.He failed in the exam, _made his parents angry.4.He has two sons. Both of _ are teachers. 5.He has two sons, both of _ ar

11、e teachers.Thiswhichwhomthem that1.I am reading Harry Porter, _is an interesting book.which （一）引導詞（一）引導詞as的用法：的用法： 1.引導引導非限制性定語從句與并列句的區(qū)別非限制性定語從句與并列句的區(qū)別The earth is round._ is known to all.The earth is round,_ is known to all._ is known to all, the earth is round_ is known to all that the earth is ro

12、und.Itwhich/ as AsItas 具有正如之意，與之搭配的動詞一般是固定的具有正如之意，與之搭配的動詞一般是固定的，如：，如：as you know/ as you see/as we planned/as we expected定語從句在句首時只能用定語從句在句首時只能用as,2.as與與that 引導的引導的限制性定語從句的區(qū)別限制性定語從句的區(qū)別This is the same pen as I lost.This is the same pen that I lost.Please compare:這本書和我丟的那本一模樣。這本書和我丟的那本一模樣。這本書就是我丟的那本。這

13、本書就是我丟的那本。This is such an interesting book _ we all like.This is so interesting a book _ we all like.This is such an interesting book _we all like it.This is so interesting a book _we all like it.asthatasthat這是大家都喜歡的如此有趣的一本書。這是大家都喜歡的如此有趣的一本書。(定語從句定語從句)這本書如此有趣，大家都喜歡。這本書如此有趣，大家都喜歡。(結果狀語從句結果狀語從句)關系代詞關系

14、代詞as和和which 引導的定語從句引導的定語從句as 和和which 引導非限制性定語從句時，引導非限制性定語從句時， 其其用法有相同之處，也有不同之處。具體情用法有相同之處，也有不同之處。具體情況是況是 1. as 和和which都可以在定語從句中做主語都可以在定語從句中做主語或賓語，代表前面整個句子?；蛸e語，代表前面整個句子。 He married her, as / which was natural. He is honest, as / which we can see. 2. as 引導的非限制性定語從句可以引導的非限制性定語從句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至還放在主句之前、

15、主句之后，甚至還可以分割主句?？梢苑指钪骶洹?which引導的非限引導的非限制性定語從句只可放在主句之后。制性定語從句只可放在主句之后。另外，另外，as 常常有常常有“正如、正像正如、正像”的的含義。含義。As is known to all, China is a developing country.He is from the south, as we can know from his accent.John, as you know, is a famous writer. Zhang Hua has been to Paris more than ten times, which

16、I dont believe. 注意：注意：當主句和從句之間存在著當主句和從句之間存在著邏輯上的因果關系時，關系詞往邏輯上的因果關系時，關系詞往往只用往只用which。如：。如：Tom was late for school again and again, which made histeacher very angry.These tables are made of metal, which made them very heavy. （二）（二） whose的用法的用法The teacher praised the student. His English is the best in

17、 our class.The teacher praised the student whose English is the best in our class.Join the following pair of sentences.whose =the students關系詞關系詞whose實際上是先行詞的所有格實際上是先行詞的所有格The house is mine. The window of the house is broken.Join the following pair of sentences with “whose”.The house whose window is

18、broken is mine. whose=the houses windowThe house is mine.the window of which is brokenof which the window is broken（三）介詞（三）介詞+關系代詞的情況關系代詞的情況 1The man whom you spoke was a scientist.The city which she lives is far away.toin介詞介詞+關系代詞的情況關系代詞的情況 2The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/

19、which she lives is far away.toinAre these two sentences right?介詞介詞+關系代詞的情況關系代詞的情況 3The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.toin Are these two sentences right?可見可見,who、that 不能用與介詞之后不能用與介詞之后 介詞介詞+關系代詞的情況關系代詞的情況 4Is this the watch that you are looking for?Th

20、e old man whom I am looking after is better . 在固定短語中介詞不能提前在固定短語中介詞不能提前下面兩句中的介詞能提前嗎下面兩句中的介詞能提前嗎?“介詞介詞+關系代詞關系代詞”前還可有前還可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each , few等代詞或者數(shù)詞等代詞或者數(shù)詞 He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. In the basket there are quite many apples, s

21、ome of which have gone bad. allIn the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad. There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities. Up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which are about country life 1. Do you like the book she spent $10? 2

22、. Do you like the book she paid $10? 3. Do you like the book she learned a lot? 4. Do you like the book she often talks? 5. He built a telescope he could study the skies.Exercises:on whichfor whichfrom whichabout whichthrough which 6. There is a tall tree outside, stands our teacher. 7. China has a

23、lot of rivers, the second longest _ is the Yellow River. 8. The tower _ people can have a good view is on the hill. 9. The man _ I spoke on the phone last night is very good at wrestling. 10. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.under whichof whi

24、chfrom whichto whomof which1.當先行詞是不定代詞時當先行詞是不定代詞時,如如: all ,few, little, much, every, something, anything, everything, 等等2.當先行詞被當先行詞被the only, the very, the same, little, few, no, any等修飾時等修飾時3.當人和物合做先行詞時當人和物合做先行詞時4.當先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時當先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時 5.在疑問詞在疑問詞who、which、what開頭的句子中開頭的句子中(四）限制性定語從句中只能

25、用四）限制性定語從句中只能用that 引導的情況引導的情況e.g 1. Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said? 2.There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world. 3. He stayed in the library and looked up any information that they needed. 4.The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.5.This is

26、 the best film that I have ever seen. 6. This is the very dictionary that I want to buy. 7.After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owns.8. Who is the man that is standing by the gate? 9. Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 10.They talked about the persons and things th

27、at they remembered at school.11. Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street. 在非限制性定語從句中在非限制性定語從句中只能用只能用which 做關系代詞的情況做關系代詞的情況在介詞后面在介詞后面 （五）（五）以以the way為先行詞的限制為先行詞的限制性定語從句通常由性定語從句通常由in which或或that引引導，而且通?？梢允÷詫В彝ǔ？梢允÷浴?The way (that / in which ) he answered the questions was surpr

28、ising. I dont like the way (that / in which) you laugh at her.強化訓練1. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, of course, _ made the others unhappy.A. which B. who C. thisD. what2. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child.A. which

29、B. when C. that D. where3. The gentleman _ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.A. who B. about whom C. whom D. with whom4. Please take any seat _ is free.A. which B. where C. in which D. that5. The old man has two sons, _ is a soldier.A. one of whom B. both of them C. all of whom D. none of them6. This is the ship _ we crossed the Pacific(太平洋太平洋).A. by which B. by that C. where D. in which7. New York is famous for its sky-scrapers(摩天大樓摩天大樓)_ has more than 100 storeys.A. the higher of them B. the highest of whichC. th