高三英語語法情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(課件)

1、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞The basic uses of Modal Verbs 6、dare 7、need 8、ought to 二、補(bǔ)充說明二、補(bǔ)充說明三三:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用于推測于推測四四:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done 的的用法用法 一一:基本用法基本用法 1、can / could 2、may / might 3、must 4、shall / should 5、will / would 可兼做行為動(dòng)詞的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：可兼做行為動(dòng)詞的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：need 、 dare 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 (+動(dòng)詞原形)行為動(dòng)詞 .needdare 1.1.無人稱和數(shù)的變化無人稱和數(shù)的變化; 2.2.尤其用于：尤其

2、用于：* *否定句及疑問句中否定句及疑問句中; ;* *在在if/whetherif/whether之后之后; ;* *或與或與hardlyhardly, , nevernever, , no oneno one, , nobodynobody連用連用; ; 3. 3.常以常以needntneednt 和和darentdarent 的形式出現(xiàn)的形式出現(xiàn); ;4.dare4.dare有其過去時(shí)有其過去時(shí)dareddared. . 多用于肯定句多用于肯定句; (sb.) need to do dare to do(sth.) need to be done (sth.) need doing 一、

3、1. can 1.表示能力 The parrot can speak three languages.2.表示允許 Can I borrow the book from the library.3.表示可能性 Shanghai can be very cold in March.could 為can的過去式；語氣更委婉2. can 與 be able to1.can 表示習(xí)慣能力，表示習(xí)慣能力， 而而be able to表示經(jīng)過努力而做成了某事。表示經(jīng)過努力而做成了某事。2. 在否定結(jié)構(gòu)中，二者可以互換。在否定結(jié)構(gòu)中，二者可以互換。3. can/could + have +p.p1.在否定、疑

4、問句中表示在否定、疑問句中表示“對過去發(fā)生行為對過去發(fā)生行為 的可能性猜測。的可能性猜測。2. 在肯定句中表示在肯定句中表示“本來可以做而未做本來可以做而未做”1. The door was lacked. She couldnt have been at home.2. You could have been more careful, but you were so careless.二、1. may 1.表示可能性2.表示允許3.表示祝愿might 為may的過去式；語氣更委婉2. may/might + have +p.p1.在否定、肯定句中表示對在否定、肯定句中表示對過去動(dòng)作的推測過

5、去動(dòng)作的推測 “也許是也許是”2. might+have+p.p表示虛擬，表示虛擬，表表“勸告、責(zé)備之意。勸告、責(zé)備之意?！眅g. 1. She may be still waiting for us. 2. May I come in? 3.May you have a happy holiday.eg. 1. He might have spoken to her yesterday. 2. You might have told me earlier.三、1. must 1.表示肯定的猜測表示肯定的猜測,但只用于肯定句，但只用于肯定句，2.而而mustnt 表示表示“禁止、不準(zhǔn)禁止、不準(zhǔn)

6、”2. must 、have to 與have got to1.Must表示主觀表示主觀2.Have to表示客觀需求表示客觀需求3.Have got to 多見于口語多見于口語3. must + have +p.p對過去事情的肯定猜測。對過去事情的肯定猜測。Eg. The road id wet. It must have rained last night.四、1、shall /should 1、第一、三人稱疑問句中表示、第一、三人稱疑問句中表示“請求請求 或征求對方意見。或征求對方意見。Eg. Shall I get you a cup of coffee?2、第二、三人稱陳述句中、第二

7、、三人稱陳述句中1、表示允諾、表示允諾“會（得到）。會（得到）。2、表示命令、表示命令/警告警告威脅威脅 “該回必須該回必須”2、shall/should + have +p.p ought to表示本應(yīng)該做而未做。表示本應(yīng)該做而未做。should 為shall的過去式 語氣更委婉eg. You should have been five minutes ago.五、1、will/ would 1、表示意愿、表示意愿 Ill try my best to overcome the difficulty.2、表示意圖、表示意圖What will you do?3、表示請示、表示請示 Will y

8、ou help me to put these books in order?4、表示習(xí)慣動(dòng)作、表示習(xí)慣動(dòng)作She will sit for hours without saying a word.2、could 與 used to 1、would 后只能接表示動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞。后只能接表示動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞。2、used to 則還可以接表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞。則還可以接表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞。eg. He used to be a worker.補(bǔ)充說明補(bǔ)充說明1.、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過去式與原形相比，多點(diǎn)禮貌，少點(diǎn)冒昧，、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過去式與原形相比，多點(diǎn)禮貌，少點(diǎn)冒昧， 語氣更為委婉。語氣更為委婉。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在一般疑問句中的回

9、答：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在一般疑問句中的回答： Can you sing? May I come in? Must I hand in the book now? Need I finish it now?Yes, I can.No, I cant.Yes, you may.No, you mustnt.Yes, you must.No, neednt /dont have to.Yes, you must.No, you neednt.表示推測表示推測情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的重要用法情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的重要用法. .肯定的推測肯定的推測可能的推測可能的推測否定的推測否定的推測疑問的推測疑問的推測 must/should 對將來

10、對將來 對現(xiàn)在對現(xiàn)在 對過去對過去情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may, might cant, couldntcan, could + V. + V. + have done常見常見must be + be doing + V. + V. + have done + be doing 可以用可以用not表示表示“可能不可能不” +V. + V. + have done + be doing+ V. + V. + have done + be doingu Choose the best answers :1. I thought you_ like something to read. So I have

11、 brought you some books. A. ought B. might C. would D. must 2. That man must be Sarahs husband.-No, he_ be her husband. She is still single.A. cant B. mustnt C. may not D. ought to 3. Peter _come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure.A. must B. may C. can D. will 4. What_ it be?-It_ be a mail box,

12、for it is moving. It_ be a car.A. can; cant; must B. can; can; mustC. can; mustnt; must D. must; mustnt; can5. Look, someone is coming. Guess_ .-Jack. Hes always on time.A. who can it be B. who he mayC. who he can be D. who it can be6. I saw Mary in the library yesterday.-You_ her. She is still abro

13、ad.A. mustnt see B. cant have seen C. mustnt have seen D. couldnt see7. David, you _play with the valuable bottle, you_ break it.A. wont; cant B. mustnt; mayC. shouldnt; must D. cant; shouldnt 8. Susan refuses to marry Jack now. She _her mind.A. must change B. should have changedC. must have changed

14、 D. would have changed9. Sue_ come together with us tonight, but she isnt very sure yet.A. must B. may C. need D. will 10. Aunt Margaret_ the train, otherwise she would have arrived here by now.A. must have missed B. should have missedC. had missed D. might miss1. He mustnt be in the classroom. ( )c

15、ant2. You might leave the bag on the bed. ( )might have left3. You must have seen the film last week, havet you? ( )didnt you 4. Li Ming must have been to Japan, didnt he? ( )hasnt he 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have+done” 表表“本來本來” 使用情形分析使用情形分析一、一、should have done過去本來應(yīng)該過去本來應(yīng)該 （而實(shí)際上并沒有（而實(shí)際上并沒有) should not have done 本不應(yīng)

16、該本不應(yīng)該 而實(shí)際上卻已而實(shí)際上卻已經(jīng)經(jīng)”如：如：1、We should have studied last night, but we went to the concert instead . 我們昨晚本應(yīng)學(xué)習(xí)的，但我們我們昨晚本應(yīng)學(xué)習(xí)的，但我們卻去看音樂會了。（實(shí)際上沒有學(xué)習(xí)）卻去看音樂會了。（實(shí)際上沒有學(xué)習(xí)）二、二、could have done它表示它表示過去本來能夠過去本來能夠 實(shí)際上沒能做實(shí)際上沒能做。如。如1、I could have run 100 metres in 12 seconds. 我本來能用我本來能用12秒鐘完秒鐘完100米的米的.（實(shí)際上沒能）（實(shí)際上沒能）2、

17、If you could have finished the task in time，you could have been promoted. 如果你當(dāng)時(shí)能如期完成那任務(wù)的話，你可能已如果你當(dāng)時(shí)能如期完成那任務(wù)的話，你可能已提升了（實(shí)際上沒有被提升）提升了（實(shí)際上沒有被提升）三、三、need not have done它表示過去已做的事，事實(shí)上沒有必要。如，它表示過去已做的事，事實(shí)上沒有必要。如，1、I need not have got up so early . 我本來不必要那么早起床的（我本來不必要那么早起床的（事實(shí)上早已起床事實(shí)上早已起床）2、I need not have wai

18、ted for the train for an hour. 我本來不必要等一個(gè)小時(shí)的火車。我本來不必要等一個(gè)小時(shí)的火車。（事實(shí)上已經(jīng)等了一個(gè)小時(shí)）（事實(shí)上已經(jīng)等了一個(gè)小時(shí)）問題問題: : would have donewould have done在什么情況下使用呢在什么情況下使用呢? ?四、四、would have done 用在虛擬語氣中用在虛擬語氣中 表示表示與過去事實(shí)相反之假設(shè)的結(jié)果與過去事實(shí)相反之假設(shè)的結(jié)果，常與，常與if 的條件的條件句連用。句連用。1、 I would have helped you if I had known of your difficulties . 要是我當(dāng)時(shí)知道你們的窘境，我就會幫要是我當(dāng)時(shí)知道你們的窘境，我就會幫助你了（而實(shí)際上沒有幫助你）助你了