英語(yǔ)詞性及句子成分

1、英語(yǔ)詞性分類及用法一、詞性的分類一、詞性的分類 詞類又叫詞性，英語(yǔ)單詞根據(jù)其在句子中的功用，可以分成十個(gè)大類。 前面六類是實(shí)詞： 1 、名詞 noun n. student 學(xué)生 2 、代詞 pronoun pron. you 你 3 、形容詞 adjective adj. happy 高興的 4 、副詞 adverb adv. quickly 迅速地 5 、動(dòng)詞 verb v. cut 砍、割 6 、數(shù)詞 numeral num. three 三 后面四類是虛詞： 7 、冠詞 article art. a 一個(gè) 8、 介詞 preposition prep. at 在. 9、 連詞 conj

2、unction conj. and 和 10、 感嘆詞 interjection interj. oh 哦英語(yǔ)句子成分（七類）一、主語(yǔ)（一、主語(yǔ)（subject）:句子說(shuō)明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east. (名詞) He likes dancing. (代詞) 高中將學(xué)習(xí)： Seeing is believing. (動(dòng)名詞) To see is to believe. (不定式) What he needs is a book. (主語(yǔ)從句) It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like

3、a tree. (It形式主語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)從句是真正主語(yǔ))二、謂語(yǔ)（二、謂語(yǔ)（predicate） 說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)和特征。 We study English. He is asleep. 謂語(yǔ)最重要的是時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。 Tom was sent to Beijing.三、表語(yǔ)（三、表語(yǔ)（predicative） 跟在跟在系動(dòng)詞后面的成分，表示主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征。 常見的系動(dòng)詞有: be, sound(聽起來(lái))， look(看起來(lái))， feel(摸起來(lái))，smell(聞起來(lái))， taste(嘗、吃起來(lái))， remain(保持，仍是)， feel(感覺) .很多詞可以做表語(yǔ) He is a tea

4、cher. (名詞) Five and five is ten. (數(shù)詞) He is asleep. (形容詞) His father is in. (副詞) The picture is on the wall. (介詞短語(yǔ)) It sounds a good idea. Tom looks thin. The food smells delicious. The food tastes good. The door remains open. Now I feel tired.高中將學(xué)的表語(yǔ) My watch is gone / missing / lost. (形容詞化的分詞) To

5、wear a flower is to say “Im poor, I cant buy a ring. ” (不定式) The question is whether they will come. (表語(yǔ)從句)三、賓三、賓語(yǔ)語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)分兩類：動(dòng)賓和介賓。 跟在動(dòng)詞后面的賓語(yǔ)叫動(dòng)賓，跟在介詞后面的賓語(yǔ)叫介賓。 He hates you. (代詞) How many do you need? We need two. (數(shù)詞) We should help the old and the poor. 以上是動(dòng)賓 Are you afraid of the snake? They are look

6、ing for a dog. 這兩句是介賓 He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money. 這兩句是雙賓語(yǔ)：間賓(指人)和直賓(指物)高高中將學(xué)的賓語(yǔ)中將學(xué)的賓語(yǔ) I enjoy working with you. (動(dòng)名詞) I hope to see you again. (不定式) Did you write down what he said? (賓語(yǔ)從句)四、賓補(bǔ)四、賓補(bǔ) 對(duì)賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)充，全稱為賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 特征：1、跟在賓語(yǔ)后面。2、補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)。 We elected him monitor. (名詞) We w

7、ill make them happy. (形容詞) We found nobody in. (副詞)五、主補(bǔ)五、主補(bǔ) 對(duì)主語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。 He was elected monitor. She was found singing in the next room. He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.六、定六、定語(yǔ)（高考的重難點(diǎn)）語(yǔ)（高考的重難點(diǎn)） 修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或句子。 Yanling is a chemistry teacher.(名詞) He is our friend. (代詞) We belong to the

8、 third world. (數(shù)詞) He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(形容詞)高中將學(xué)的定語(yǔ) The man over there is my old friend.(副詞) The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介詞) The boys playing football are in Class2. (現(xiàn)在分詞) The trees planted last year are growing well now. (過(guò)去分詞) I have an idea to do it

9、 well. (不定式) You should do everything that I do. (定語(yǔ)從句)七、狀語(yǔ)七、狀語(yǔ) 用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或者整個(gè) 句子的詞叫狀語(yǔ)。狀語(yǔ)可 表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、程度、條件、方式和讓步。 I will go there tomorrow.（時(shí)間） The meeting will be held in the meeting room. （地點(diǎn)） The meat went bad because of the hot weather. （原因） He studies hard to learn English well.（目的） He didnt study hard so that he failed in the exam.（結(jié)果） I like some of you very much.（程度） If you study hard, you will pass the exam. （條件） He goes to school by bike.（方式） Though he is young, he can do it well.（讓步） 高中將增加表伴隨情況的狀語(yǔ)： I