(完整)外研版八年級下冊語法講解和練習

1、八年級下冊英語語法by厚德載物tan模塊一語法表示感覺和知覺的系動詞1 .表示感覺和知覺的系動詞也可稱為感官動詞，主要有 look （看起來）,smell （聞起來）,sound （聽起來）,taste （嘗起 來）,feel （感覺/摸起來）。2 .感官動詞屬于連系動詞，后接形容詞作表語，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，說明主語所處的狀態(tài)。例如：He looks tired.他看起來累了。These flowers smell sweet.這些花聞起來香Her voice sounds beautiful.她的聲音聽起來優(yōu)美。The cake tastes delicious.蛋糕嘗起來美味。I felt g

2、uilty.我感到內(nèi)疚。3 .感官動詞后可接介詞like, like后可接名詞或 v.ing形式。例如：That boat looks like a duck.那條船看起來像一只鴨子。It smells like being burnt.它聞起來像燒焦了一樣4 .含有感官動詞的句子，其否定句和一般疑問句要借助助動詞完成。例如：He looks worried.他看起來憂愁。一 He doesnt look worried 他看起來并不憂愁。一 Does he look worried?他看起來憂愁嗎？I .單項選擇( )1. The cake delicious. I cant wait to

3、 eat it. A. feels B. soundsC. becomes D. smells( )2.Apples of this kind. A. tastes good B. tastes well C. taste good D. taste well( )3.2015?濰坊The new sweater I bought for my grandma soft. She likes it very much.A. looks B. smells C. tastes D. feels( )4. Oh, Im hungry. Mum, can I have the hamburger o

4、n the plate? No. It tastes.A. terribly B. terrible C. good D. well()5.The cake looks.Yes, and it tastes even.A. well; good B. nice; better C. good; worse D. better; best()6.2015?鎮(zhèn)江ThreeD printing technology could be used to build a house in less than 24 hours. It amazing. Its my first time to get to

5、 know the newsA. looks B. smellsC. soundsD. tastes( )7.Oh, it so nice. What beautiful music it is!A. smells B. sounds C. tastes D. looks( )8.Dinner is ready. Help yourself! Wow! It delicious. You are really good at cooking.A. looks B. soundsC. tastes D. feels( )9.Lets go on a picnic this weekend, OK

6、? That sounds.A. great B. wellC. hardlyD. terribly( )10.I like to read English in the garden because the flowers in it smell.A. good B. wellC. bad D. badly()11.Do you like swimming in winter? Of course. The water a bit cold at first, but then I am warm and full of energy.A. tastes B. feelsC. smells

7、D. looks( )12.Mum is making dinner. It so nice! A. smells B. tastes C. feels D. sounds( )13.Good medicine for health bitter to the mouth. A. feelB. tastesC. feels D. taste( )14.Some of my friends eat with their eyes. They prefer to order what nice.A. feels B. smeelsC. looks D. tastes()15.Do you know

8、 the song Gangnam Style?-Of course. It interesting.D. feelsn .根據(jù)漢語意思完成句子1 .我的毛衣摸起來柔軟。2 .聚會聽起來太吵了。3 .你媽媽看上去很年輕。4 .湯嘗起來咸了。5 .它聞起來新鮮嗎？6 .他看上去像一位專家。7 .這食物嘗起來怎樣？8 .這個主意聽起來有趣嗎?9 .你叔叔長什么樣？My sweater. Feels softThe party. Sounds noisyYour mother. Looks young The soup. Tastes salty it? Does smell freshHe an

9、expert. Looks likethe food? How does taste the idea interesting? Does soundyour uncle? What doeslook like10.他當眾講話對并不緊張。A. tastes B. smells C. sounds1 / 20Hewhen he speaks in public.Doesntlook nervousm .用所給詞的適當形式填空1 . The cloud(look) like a horse. looks2 . The coat(feel) very soft. So she bought it a

10、t once. felt3 . The weather(get) warmer and warmer these days. Is getting4 . The man(seem) to be very angry. seems5 . That idea(sound) very great. Sounds6 . The baby panda looks very(love). lovely7 . Dont eat the fish. It smells(badly) . bad8 . The background music sounds(noise). Please turn it down

11、. noisy9 . What do you think of the milk? Oh, it( taste ) good. tastes10 . I felt(relax) lying in the sun. What a good time! Relaxed八年級下冊英語語法by厚德載物tan模塊二語法現(xiàn)在完成時（一）現(xiàn)在完成時用來表示在以前某個時間或某段時間已經(jīng)發(fā)生的行為或曾經(jīng)做過的事情對目前有某種影響；還可以表示到目前為止已經(jīng)完成的事情。現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的基本句型結(jié)構(gòu)是：“have/has+動詞的過去分詞其用法主要有1 .當句子的主語是 第三人稱單數(shù) 時，要用“ has+動詞的過去分詞”

12、。例如:He has finished his homework.他已經(jīng)做完作業(yè)了。2 .動詞的過去分詞變化形式主要有以下幾種：大部分動詞的過去分詞和過去式相同，但也有許多不規(guī)則變化，需要特另1J 記憶。 例如： seesawseen, bewas/were been, comecamecome, gowent gone, take took taken 等。3 .現(xiàn)在完成時的否定形式為havent/hasn t+動詞的過去分詞，其一般疑問句形式是把have/has提到句首，動詞過去分詞不變化。例如：我已經(jīng)看過這部電影了。我沒看過這部電影。你看過這部電影嗎？是的，我看過。/不，我沒看過。他去過

13、北京。他沒去過北京。他去過北京嗎？是的，他去過。/不，他沒去過。I have seen this film.I havent seen this film.-Have you seen this film? Yes, I have./No, I havent.He has been to Beijing.He hasnt been to Beijing. Has he been to Beijing ? Yes, he has./No, he hasnt.I .單項填空()1.2014?赤峰The storybook is very interesting. I agree with you.

14、 I it twice already.A. readB. will read C. am readingD. have read()2.Hasnt Betty come yet? No, and I for her for nearly two hours.A. wait B. waited C. have waited D. had waited()3.Do you want to see the film 3D Titanic? The film 3D Titanic? I it. Its really wonderful.A. seeB. have seenC. was seeing

15、D. has seen()4.Have you ever been to Beijing? . I went there last year.A. Yes, I did B. Yes, I haveC. No, I haven t D. No, never()5.Where is your father?He Dalian.A. have gone to B. has gone to C. have been to D. has been to()6.2014?廣州Miss Brown, we cleaning our classroom. Can we go home now?A. fini

16、shB. finishingC. are finishedD. have finishedn .用所給詞的適當形式填空1 . Mum, can I watch TV now? I(finish) my homework. Have finished2 . The boys(not read) the interesting books yet. Their mother will buy some for them.Havent read3 . 一 you(hear) from your pen pal recently? Have heard Yes, I have. I(get) a le

17、tter from him yesterday. got4 . 一 you ever(eat) the pizza? No, I havent. Have eaten5 . 一 you(call) your mum yet? Yes, I . Have called hasI called (call) her last night.6 . Has Jack visited (visit) his grandparents? Not yet.7 . 一 Have your parents ever _ been (be) abroad? Yes, just once.3 / 208 . Who

18、 has seen （see） the film before?m .按要求完成下列各題1 . My parents have gone to England .附畫線部分提問）Where have your parents gone?2 . 一 Would you like some more food? No, thanks. I have had enough.（完成句子）3 . Daming has climbed Mount Tai before.（改為一般疑問句并作否定回答） Has_ Daming climbed_Mount Tai before?No_, he hasnt.4

19、. He has waited for her for_2 hours .（對畫線部分提問）How long has he waited for her?5 . Jane came to China two years ago.（改為同義句 ）Jane has been in China for two years.模塊三語法現(xiàn)在完成時(二)1 .現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)還可以用來表示“剛剛做完某事；已經(jīng)做完某事”等，此時經(jīng)常用just, already和yet來表示，其中，just表示剛剛”；already表示已經(jīng)，一般置于have/has之后；just和already都用于肯定句中， 在否定句和疑問句

20、中則可用yet,表示“還未”。例如：I have just heard the news.我剛剛聽到消息。Astronauts have already been to the moon.宇航員已經(jīng)去過月球了。I havent been to Beijing yet.我還沒有去過北京。注意：just, already和yet在句中的位置：I have just heard from my son.我剛剛收到兒子的來信。Ive already bought the book.我已經(jīng)買了這本書。He hasnt cleaned the house yet.他還沒有打掃屋子。2 .在現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)中，

21、要注意have been to和have gone to的區(qū)別，前者表示“去過某地”,但現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來了；后者表示“去了某地”,現(xiàn)在還沒回來。例如：The spacecraft has gone into space. It wont return.宇宙飛船已經(jīng)進入太空，不會回來了。I have been to Mount Tai twice.我去過泰山兩次了。 I .單項填空()1.2014?北京He in this factory for 20 years already.A. will work B. works C. has worked D. is working()2.2015?銅仁

22、Where is your mother? She Guiyang.A. has gone to B. has been to C. has been in D. went to答案A 句意：“你的母親在哪里？”“她去貴陽了。”表示“去某地沒回來用 have gone to ;表示“去某地已經(jīng)回來用have been to。根據(jù)問句可知“媽媽”現(xiàn)在不在說話的地方，即去某地還沒有回來。故選A。答案A句意：“你的母親在哪里？”“她去貴陽了?！北硎尽叭ツ车貨]回來用have gone to ;表示“去某地已經(jīng)回來”用have been to。根據(jù)問句可知媽媽”現(xiàn)在不在說話的地方，即去某地還沒有回來。故

23、選A。()3.Dave, we will leave in 10 minutes. Are you ready? No, I our guidebook and towels yet.A. dont pack B. didnt pack C. have packed D. havent packed()4.My cousin Sydney for half a year.A. has been to B. has gone to C. has come to D. has been in()5. Aunt Wang is not here now. She has to Shanghai an

24、d will stay there for several months.A. got B. come C. been D. gone()6.Have you finished your work ?Yes, Ive finished it.A. already; yet B. yet; already C. yet; yetD. already; already()7.2015?常德I only started taking French classes last week and I 50 French words already.A. learned B. learn C. have l

25、earned()8.My mother the dinner already.A. cooking B. cooked C. has cooked D. cook5 / 20八年級下冊英語語法by厚德載物tan2 .我還沒有問他。I3 .邁克剛剛做完了作業(yè)。4 .她現(xiàn)在不在這里，她去廣州了。5 .我的弟弟已經(jīng)看過這部電影了。6 .“你曾經(jīng)去過巴黎嗎？”havent asked him yet .-Have you ever been to Paris?7.這本書我可以借多久？ Yes, I have been there twice.How long can I keep the book?（

26、）9.2014?黔東南you ever to Xijiang? Yes, I there last year.A. Have; gone; wentB. Have; been; have been C. Have; been; wentD. Have; gone; have gone（）10.Why is Mr Yang still in the teachers office? Maybe he his work yet.A. doesnt finishB. hasnt finishedC. havent finished D. dont finishedn .用 already, just

27、, yet, never 或 ever 填空1 . Has Li Ming received the invitationyet ?No, he hasnt got it yet . But I know Mr Zhao has already got it.2 . 一 Have you read any books on Mars? No, I have never read a single word about Mars.3 . 一 Have people been to Mars? No, we have never been there.4 . The astronaut has j

28、ust gone back to the earth.5 . The spaceship hasnt sent any information back to us yet, m .根據(jù)漢語意思完成句子1 . 我剛至U這還不認識幾個人。I have just arrived/got here and I havent known several people yet .Mike has just done/finished his homeworkShe isnt here now. She has gone to Guangzhou.My brother has seen the movie

29、 already.“是的，我去過那兒兩次?！? .雖然這本書他已經(jīng)讀了三遍了，但是他希望再讀一遍。Though he_has_ read the book three times, he hopes to read it a fourth time.9 .“你想念你的哥哥嗎？”“是的，非常想念，我3個月沒有收到他的來信了?！?Do you miss your brother? Yes, very much. I havent heard from him for three months.10 . 2015?佛山至今，145個國家參加了 2015意大利米蘭世博會。So far, 145 cou

30、ntries have taken part in. the 2015 World Expo in Milan, Italy.W .按要求完成下列各題1 . I have already finished my homework.（ 改為否定句 ）I havent finished my homework _ yet .2 . He has read the book Who Moved My Cheese.（改為一般疑問句并作肯定回答）一Has he read the book Who Moved My Cheese? Yes, he has .3 . She wrote a letter

31、to her cousin.（用 just 改為現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)）She has_ just written a letter to her cousin.4 . Tony isnt at home. He went to Hong Kong.（合并為一句 ）Tony has gone to Hong Kong.5 . I came here two days ago.（改為同義句 ）I _have been here for two days.6 . Lucy has been to Beijing several times （對畫線部分提問）How many -times has Lucy

32、been to Beijing?模塊四語法現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)（三）1 .如果要表達某一行為或狀態(tài)從過去某時間一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，則要用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。這時，句子通常要與表示一段時間的時間狀語連用，這類狀語通常由for或since來引導。需要注意的是，for_后面接一段時間，而since后面接時間點或過去時態(tài)的句子，即for_用來說明動作延續(xù)的時間長度，since用來說明動作的起始時間。例如：I have lived in Hebei for ten years.我在河北已經(jīng)住了 十年。He has been in this school since 2000. 自從 2000 年起，他就在這所學校了。My

33、 sister has learnt English since she was four.我姐姐從 4 歲起就開始學英語。2 .如果要對現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)句子中的時間狀語進行提問，通常要用how long。例如：- How long have you studied English?你學英語學了 多長時間了 ？ For four years. 四年了。 How long has he taught here?他在這兒教書多長時間了 ？-Since five years ago.自從五年前。3 .在現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的句子中，短暫性動詞一般不能與時間段連用，但在否定句 中，則一般可以和表示一段時間的for

34、短語連用。例如：我已經(jīng)在這家賓館待了一周了。我父母有兩年沒見我了。他一周沒來上學了。I have stayed in the hotel for a week.My parents havent seen me for two years.He hasnt come to school for a week.注意短暫性動詞不能和表示一段時間的時間狀語連用，但如果要保留表示一段時間的時間狀語，必須將短暫 性動詞改為延續(xù)性動詞。常見的短暫性動詞轉(zhuǎn)換為延續(xù)性動詞如下fall asleep f be asleepjoin - be in/be a member of(2)begin/start fbe

35、 on(8)finish/end fbe over(3)buy-have(9)leavefbe away(4)die - be dead(10)borrow f keep(5)come - be in(11)begin to study f study(6)arrive f be here(12)come back f be back4 .現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)還經(jīng)常用于Its the first/secondtime that”結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如：Its the first time that I have visited here.這是我第一次參觀這里。It will be the third time

36、that you have seen the film with me.這將是你第三次和我一起看電影。I .單項填空()1.-Look at these stamps. I them for five years. Wow, they are wonderful.A. keptB. have keptC. have bought D. bought()2.2015?昆明Long time no see!Oh! It five years since we met last time.A. wasB. were C. has beenD. have been解析C考查現(xiàn)在完成時。句意：“很長時間

37、沒見了！ ”“自從上次我們見面五年了。 since是現(xiàn)在完成時的標志詞，前面主語是it,故用has been,選C( )3.Our foreign teacher Mr Green us English since three years ago.A. has taught B. is teachingC. taught D. teaches()4.Weve lived here 1980.So youve lived here more than 30 years.A. since; for B. for; sinceC. for; for D. in; since解析A 1980是一個時間

38、點，所以用 since; more than 30 years是一個時間段，要用 for。故選A。()5.2014?安徽Rick has learned a lotabout Chinese culture he came to China.A. before B. whenC. until D. since解析D 考查連詞的用法。句意：Rick已經(jīng)學了許多中國文化 他來到中國。before意為在之前”；when意為“當?shù)臅r候；until意為直到；since意為自從。since引導過去時態(tài)的時間狀語從句時，其主句用現(xiàn)在完成時。故選D。()6.have you learned Chinese?-

39、For 3 years.A. How often B. How muchC. How long D. How soon解析C由答語“ For 3 years.”可知，上句是問“多長時間”，故選C。()7.Mr Green from his home town for 3 years.A. has been away B. has gone C. has left D. has come解析A 句中“for 3 years”是一個時間段，因此要與延續(xù)性動詞連用，故選A。()8.2015?烏魯木齊 Mr Brown his home town since he the army.A. has le

40、ft; joinedB. has been away from; has joinedC. has been away from; joinedD. left; joined解析C考查動詞的時態(tài)以及延續(xù)性動詞與非延續(xù)性動詞的辨析。since引導的狀語從句的謂語是非延續(xù)性動詞的過去時，主句的謂語動詞應用延續(xù)性動詞的現(xiàn)在完成時。leave是非延續(xù)性動詞，不能和一段時間連用。beaway from是延續(xù)性動詞，可以和一段時間連用。所以選擇答案C。()9.He for ten years.A. has been married B. marriedC. got marriedD. has marrie

41、d()10.How long has Robert?Since 2004.A. been to Beijing B. become a policemanC. joined the art club D. studied in this schooln .用for和since填空1 . She has worked here 2014. Since2 . We have known each other six years.For3 . He has learnt about 1 , 000 English words he went to college. since4 . I have k

42、nown him two years ago. since5 . She has been away about four years. for6 . He has been a league member two years. For7 . I have studied English 2009. since8 . Mr Brown has been in Shanghai about two weeks. For9 . Its three years the old man died. since10 . The film has been on about ten minutes whe

43、n we arrieved at the cinema. Form .根據(jù)漢語意思完成句子1 .他已經(jīng)等他朋友兩個小時了。He has waited for his friend for two hours.2 .他已經(jīng)好多年不看書了。He hasnt read books for years.3 ,她畢業(yè)后就一直在從事護士工作。She has worked_ as a nurse since her graduation.4 .你父母結(jié)婚多長時間了 ? How long have your parents been married?5 .他買這輛紅色小汽車兩年了。He has had the

44、 red car for two years.11 / 20模塊五語法動詞時態(tài)的區(qū)分到目前為止，我們已學過用多種時態(tài)來描述行為或狀態(tài)。本模塊重點復習一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時和現(xiàn)在完成時。下面我們以一種行為或狀態(tài)為例，來區(qū)分一下這幾種時態(tài)：一、一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時通常用動詞原形 表示，但第三人稱單數(shù)后面的謂語動詞要加s或es, be和have有特殊的人稱形式(am, is, are; has)。1 .表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生或習慣性的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。例如：I often go to school on foot. 我經(jīng)常步行去上學。2 .表示客觀事實、普遍真理或科學道理。例如：The earth moves

45、 around the sun.地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。3 .用于含有時間的條件狀語從句中，表示將來的動作或狀態(tài)。例如：If it rains/is rainy tomorrow, we wont go to the cinema.如果明天下雨，我們就不去看電影了。4 . 標志詞： always, often , usually, sometimes , every day, once a week 等。二、一般過去時一般過去時用規(guī)則或不規(guī)則動詞的過去式表示；be動詞第一、三人稱單數(shù)用 was,其余人稱用were;動詞have一律用had。1 .表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。例如：She was

46、 born in 1999.她出生于 1999 年。2 .表示過去經(jīng)常、習慣或反復發(fā)生的動作。例如：When she was in Shanghai, she often came to see me. 她在上海時，經(jīng)常來看我。3 . 標志詞：just now , ago, yesterday, in the past, last week, the other day 等。三、現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時由have/has十 一動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。1 .表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。例如：I have got a letter from my aunt.我已經(jīng)收到了我姑姑的一封來

47、信。2 .表示從過去開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。例如：I have studied English for two years.我已經(jīng)學習兩年英語了。3 . 標志詞：already, yet, just, never, ever, so far, “for +時間段,since +時間點” 等。I .單項填空()1.Do you know the boy over there? Sure. I him for years.A. knewB. will knowC. have known D. known()2.2014?南京When will Uncle Sam come to see u

48、s?Hell visit us this weekend. He me that by email.A. told B. is told C. will tell D. was going to tell解析A考查動詞的時態(tài)。句意：“薩姆叔叔什么時候來看我們？”“他將在這個周末來看我們，通過電子郵件他告訴了我?！庇烧Z境可知用一般過去時態(tài)。故選 Ao()3. Where is your father?He Australia and he Sydney for two weeks.A. has been to; has been in B. has gone to; will stay inC.

49、 has been in; has been to D. has gone to; has stayed to()4.Are you a soccer player in your school? Yes, I the team two years ago and I in the team for two years.A. have joined; have been B. was joined; amC. joined; was D. joined; have been解析D 考查動詞的時態(tài)。two years ago 是一般過去時的標志詞，故第一空用一般過去時；for two years

50、”是現(xiàn)在完成時的標志詞，故第二空用現(xiàn)在完成時。()5.2015?濰坊Next month were going somewhere interesting as soon as the holiday.A. will begin B. has begunC. begins D. is beginning解析C 考查動詞的時態(tài)。as soon as表示“一就”，引導時間狀語從句，遵循“主將從現(xiàn)原則，主 句用的是將來時，as soon as引導的從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時，故選 C。()6.My grandmother in Yangzhou. She was born there and has nev

51、er lived anywhere else.A. livedB. lives C. was living D. will live()7.I know a little about Thailand, as I there three years ago.A. have been B. have goneC. will go D. went解析Dthree years ago是一般過去時的標志詞。故選 D。( )8.Everyone knows that the sun in the east.A. rised B. rises C. raised D. raises()9.Mike, wh

52、y are you watching TV again? I my homework.A. finishB. finishedC. have finished D. had finished( )10.Tony foodball every weekend when he was young.A. plays B. played C. is playing D. has played( )8.Everyone knows that the sun in the east.A. rised B. rises C. raised D. raises()9.Mike, why are you wat

53、ching TV again? I my homework.A. finishB. finishedC. have finished D. had finished( )10.Tony foodball every weekend when he was young.A. plays B. played C. is playing D. has playedn .用所給詞的適當形式填空1 . Do you know the Englishman? Yes. have known (know)him for two years.2 . Her grandpa died (die) when sh

54、e was 20.3 . 2015 ?濰坊He hasnt come (not come) yet. What do you think has happened to him?4 . - How many schools hasProject Hope built (build) since 1989?Sorry, I dont know.5 . So far I _have been (be) to many places in China.八年級下冊英語語法by厚德載物tan模塊六語法簡單句的基本句型英語是一種結(jié)構(gòu)型語言，以謂語動詞為核心構(gòu)成句型。一、常見的六種基本句型：1 .主語+系動

55、詞+表語（+狀語）.此句型中，系動詞除了be動詞外，常見的還有l(wèi)ook（看起來），sound（聽起來），taste（嘗起來），feel（感覺；摸起來）,smell（聞起來）,become （變得）,turn（變得）,get（變得）等，系動詞后接形容詞或名詞作表語。例如：Your watch looks very nice.你的手表看起來很漂亮。The days get shorter and shorter. 白天變得越來越短了。In spring, the trees turn green. 春天，樹變綠了。2 .主語+謂語（不及物動詞）+狀語（副詞、名詞、介詞短語等 ）.此句型中的動詞后不可以直接接賓語，這種動詞稱為不及物動詞。例如：His father cooks every day.他父親每天做飯。The children are listening quietly. 孩子們在靜靜地聽著。He ran fast in the street.他在街上跑得飛快。The meeting begins at nine. 會議 9 點開始。3 .主語+謂語（及物動詞）+賓語（+狀語）.此句型中的動詞可以直接接賓語，這種動詞稱為及物動詞。例如：He didnt like the film. 他不