高一(6)動名詞

1、高一英語暑期復(fù)習(xí)材料（6）詞匯鞏固I. 單詞拼寫1. Its very _ (稀罕的) to find these birds in England in winter.2. The Habsburg _ (王朝) ruled in Austria for centuries.3. There was a choice of four prizes, and the winner could s_ one of them.4. The magazine will appear in a new _ (設(shè)計(jì)) from next month.5. For a moment Jim did not

2、 _ (移動) his eyes from her face.6. Mary was able to provide the police with some _ (value) information.7. The _ (amaze) thing is that it was kept secret for so long.8. When will they finish the _ (decorate) of the bathroom?9. Whoever made this cake is a real _ (art).10. A _ (wood) chair is more comfo

3、rtable than a metal one.11. The policemen are still searching for _ (survive) of the plane crash.12. Where will we meet?At the e_ to the theatre.13. The Titanic was a passenger ship which s_ to the bottom of the ocean in 1912. 14. A scientist must produce _ (證據(jù)) in support of a theory.15. There was

4、much lively _ (爭論) about whether women should spend more time in the home.16. By the time the case comes to _ (審判), he will have spent a year in prison.17. The fire was thought to have been caused by a gas _ (explode).18. Two thousand British _ (sail) lost their lives when the ship went down. 19. It

5、s an outdoor party, so you can wear _ (formal) clothes. 20. Scientists are _ a cure for the disease.II選用方框內(nèi)合適的短語，并用其正確形式填空belong to, at war, less than, in return, in search of1. My grandmother is always helping people without expecting anything _.2. I _ a football club and play football every Saturd

6、ay.3. Its not far; itll take _ an hour to get there. 4. Where were you when the two countries were _? 非謂語動詞2 動名詞定義：動名詞是動詞的一種非限定形式，兼有動詞和名詞的特征，它可以帶賓語，也能被狀語修飾。動名詞接賓語或狀語構(gòu)成動名詞短語。動名詞有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化?；拘问剑河蓜釉~原形家詞尾-ing構(gòu)成，與現(xiàn)在分詞形式相同。動名詞已經(jīng)名詞化了，而現(xiàn)在分詞常表示動作或狀態(tài)。如：a sleeping chair躺/睡椅（動名詞，表用途）a sleeping child正在睡覺的孩子（現(xiàn)在分詞，

7、表狀態(tài)）一、動名詞的句法功能動名詞具有名詞的性質(zhì)，因此在句中可以作主語、表語、賓語、定語等。1、作主語1）直接位于句首做主語。Reading is an art.讀書是一種藝術(shù)。Climbing mountains is really fun.爬山真是有趣。Working in these conditions is not a pleasure but a suffering.在這種工作條件下工作不是一件愉快的事而是一件痛苦的事。注意：動名詞做主語時，謂語動詞為單數(shù)2）用it作形式主語，把動名詞(真實(shí)主語)置于句尾作后置主語。It is no use/no good crying over

8、spilt milk.覆水難收It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us.勸說這樣的人加入真是浪費(fèi)時間。It was hard getting on the crowded street car.上這種擁擠的車真難。It is fun playing with children.和孩子們一起玩真好。這種用法在習(xí)慣句型中常用，常用句型：It is + no use/no good/useless/senseless/fun/enjoyable/tiring/interesting/foolish/nice/a waste o

9、f time/a pleasure + v.ing注意：important，essential，necessary等形容詞后面不用動名詞（常用不定式）。3）用于“There be”結(jié)構(gòu)中。There is no saying when hell come.很難說他何時回來。There is no joking about such matters.對這種事情不是開玩笑。There is no holding back the wheel of history.歷史的車輪不可阻擋。常用句型：There is no + v.ing = It is impossible to do 注意：在“The

10、re be”句型中，只能用動名詞，而不能用不定式作主語。4）用于布告形式的省略結(jié)構(gòu)中。No smoking (=No smoking is allowed (here).禁止吸煙。No parking.禁止停車。5）動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作主語當(dāng)動名詞有自己的邏輯主語時，常可以在前面加上一個物主代詞或名詞所有格，構(gòu)成動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)也可以在句中作主語。例如：Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.他們前來幫忙對我們來說是極大的鼓舞。Lao Lis going there wont be of much help.老李

11、去不會有多大幫助。2、作賓語（1）作動詞的賓語*某些動詞后出現(xiàn)非限定性動詞時只能用動名詞作賓語，不能用不定式。常見的此類動詞有：advise, suggest, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, cannot help, imagine, include, keep, keep on, mind, miss, delay, practise, resist, postpone(推遲)，deny(否認(rèn)), appreciate (欣賞，感激), escape, excuse, pardon, cant stand, put off, g

12、ive up等。如：Would you mind opening the window?把窗戶打開好嗎？She suggested going to the Great Wall for the spring outing.她建議去長城春游。Seeing the picture, he couldnt help laughing.看了這幅畫，他禁不住大笑起來。Mark often attempts to escape being fined whenever he breaks traffic regulations.每當(dāng)馬克違反交通規(guī)則時，他常常企圖逃避罰款的處分。*在下面這種結(jié)構(gòu)中也可以用

13、動名詞（短語）做賓語：find/think/consider + it（形式賓語）+ no use/no good/useless + v.ing（真正賓語）.I found it pleasant walking along the seashore.在海灘上走真是樂事。Do you consider it any good trying again?你認(rèn)為再試一次有好處嗎？*形容詞worth后也可接動名詞，作為復(fù)合謂語的賓語。The music is well worth listening to more than once.這種曲子很值得多聽幾遍。（2）作介詞的賓語*能接動名詞的短語有

14、：think of/about, dream of/about, hear of, prevent/keep/stopfrom, depend on, set about, succeed (in), worry about, burst out, insist on, be/get used to, devoteto, look forward to, pay attention to, get down to, be good at, do well in, be fond of, be interested in, be tired of, be afraid of, spend(in)

15、, feel like, preferto, instead of, in case of等等。We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term.我們正考慮為下學(xué)期制定新的計(jì)劃。Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work?我們休息呢還是開始干活？Ann has been looking forward to coming to China for a long time.安好久以來就盼望著來中國。*在下面的結(jié)構(gòu)中，介詞in?？墒÷裕海?）S + have + trouble/d

16、ifficulty/problems/fun/a struggle/ a good time/a hard time + (in) +v.ing（2）S + spend time/money + (in) +V.ing（3）S + be busy + (in) +V.ing（4）S + lose no time + (in) +V.ing（立即 ）We are busy (in) preparing for the coming sports meet.我們正為馬上到來的運(yùn)動會忙著做準(zhǔn)備。Do you have any difficulty (in) understanding spoken

17、English?要聽懂英語口語你有困難嗎？3、作表語動名詞作表語時句子主語常是表示無生命的事物的名詞或what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。表語動名詞與主語通常是對等的關(guān)系，表示主語的內(nèi)容，主語、表語可互換位置。Your task is cleaning the windows.你的任務(wù)就是擦窗戶。(Cleaning the windows is your task.)What I hate most is being laughed at.我最痛恨的就是被別人嘲笑。(Being laughed at is what I hate most.)4、作定語動名詞作定語往往表示被修飾詞的某種用途。如：a wa

18、lking sticka stick for walking=a stick which is used for walkinga washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for washinga reading room=a room for reading=a room which is used for readingsleeping pills=pills for sleeping=pills which is used for sleeping二、動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)帶有邏輯主語的動名詞稱為動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)

19、構(gòu)。當(dāng)動名詞的邏輯主語與句子的主語不一致時，要在動名詞之前加上物主代詞或名詞所有格，這便構(gòu)成了動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。其中物主代詞（名詞所有格）是邏輯上的主語，動名詞是邏輯上的謂語。動名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中可作主語、賓語、表語等，分別相當(dāng)于一個主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句。如：Her coming to help encouraged all of us.他來幫忙鼓舞了我們所有人。(=That she came to help encouraged all of us.)Janes being careless caused so much trouble.簡的粗心惹來了不少麻煩。(=That Jane

20、 was careless caused so much trouble.)Whats troubling them is their not having enough food.煩擾他們的是食物不足。(=Whats troubling them is that they have not enough food.)在口語中，如果動名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語，其中的物主代詞常用人稱代詞賓格，名詞所有格常用名詞普通格來代替，但在句首作主語時不能這樣來代替。如：Would you mind my/me using your computer?用下你的電腦介意嗎？The father insisted o

21、n his sons/his son going to college.爸爸堅(jiān)決要求兒子上大學(xué)。Marys (不可用Mary) being ill made her mother upset.瑪麗病了，使她媽媽很著急。His (不可用Him)smoking made his family angry.他抽煙使他一家人非常生氣。例：I would appreciate_ back this afternoon.Ayou to callByou callCyou callingDyoure calling在下列情況下動名詞的邏輯主語必須用名詞的普通格或人稱代詞賓語：a.無命名詞The baby w

22、as made awake by the door suddenly shutting.這個嬰兒被猛烈的關(guān)門聲吵醒。b.有生命名詞但表示泛指意義Have you ever heard of women practising boxing?你聽說過婦女練拳擊嗎？c.兩個以上的有生命名詞并列Do you remember your parents and me telling about this?你記得你父母和我都告訴過你這事嗎？三、動名詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done（一）時態(tài)1、動名詞一般式：表示的

23、動作通常是一般性動作，即不是明確地發(fā)生在過去、現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼膭幼?，或是與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時或之后發(fā)生的動作。I hate talking with such people.我討厭與這樣的人說話。Being careless is not a good habit.粗心不是一個好習(xí)慣。2、動名詞的完成式：表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞動作之前。I dont remember having met him before.我記不得以前見過他。Thank you for having taking so much trouble to help.謝謝你費(fèi)力幫忙。He denied having take

24、n any money from the cash register.他否認(rèn)從現(xiàn)金出納機(jī)里拿了錢。（二）語態(tài)動名詞的邏輯主語同時也是動名詞動作的承受者，動名詞用被動語態(tài)。（1）它的一般式表示的動作與謂語動詞動作同時發(fā)生，或在其后發(fā)生。如：I dont like being laughed at in public.在公共場合下，我不喜歡被別人嘲笑。He came in without being asked.沒有誰請他進(jìn)來他自己進(jìn)來了。（2）它的完成式表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前。如：I am very pleased at your having been honoured with a m

25、edal.我很高興你能獲得這樣的獎牌。（3）在某些動詞，我們常用動名詞的一般式表示完成式，盡管動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞動作之前，這似乎是一種強(qiáng)大的習(xí)慣。如：Excuse me for being late.我來晚了請你原諒。I dont remember ever meeting somewhere.我記不得原來在什么地方見過。Thank you for giving us so much help.謝謝給我們這么大的幫助。（4）在多數(shù)情況下都避免使用動名詞被動語態(tài)完成式，而用一般式代替，以免句子顯得累贅，尤其是在口語中。如：I forget once being taken (having bee

26、n taken ) to the city zoo.我曾被帶到過這個動物園，可我忘了。四、動名詞的否定式：not + V.ingI regret not being able to help you.我很抱歉不能幫助你。I apologize for not having waited for you.沒有等你，我向你表示歉意。五、動名詞與動詞不定式的區(qū)別：1.作主語或表語時：動詞不定式和動名詞都可以用作主語，在意義上相近，但動名詞多用來表示泛指的抽象的動作或經(jīng)常性的動作；不定式多用來表示特指或具體的動作，特別是將來的動作。比較：Smoking is not good for health.I

27、t is not good for you to smoke so much.My job is teaching English.Our task now is to increase food production.我們現(xiàn)在的任務(wù)是增加糧食產(chǎn)量。2.在like, hate, prefer等動詞后：如果表示一般傾向，多用動名詞做賓語；如指特定的或具體的某次行為，用不定式更多一些。I like reading books in my spare time.I like to read that book.They prefer walking to cycling.He prefers to

28、stay at home today.3.有些動詞后即可用動名詞也可以不定式做賓語（如like, love, hate, dislike, begin, start, continue, want, need, stop, remember, forget, try, attempt等）。有時區(qū)別不大，如：Lets continue working/to work.When did you begin learning/to learn English?但有時兩種結(jié)構(gòu)之間含義不同，如remember, forget, regret, try, stop, mean, go on等。He tri

29、ed speaking English to us.他試著用英語和我們講話。Please try to do it better next time.下次請?jiān)O(shè)法做得更好些。This means setting out at once.這意味著立即出發(fā)。He really meant to come.他確實(shí)打算來的。4.在表示“需要”意思的want, need, require, deserve等動詞后：當(dāng)主語表事物時，其后既可用動名詞的主動式也可用不定式的被動式表被動含義。My watch needs repairing/to be repaired.The house wants clean

30、ing/to be cleaned.The way deserves mentioning/to be mentioned.These young trees will require looking after/to be looked after carefully.5.在allow, permit, advise, recommend, consider, forbid等詞后，常用動名詞做賓語，用不定式做賓語補(bǔ)足語。We dont allow smoking here.Her mother doesnt allow her to stay up late.注意：Seeing is bel

31、ieving./To see is to believe.眼見為實(shí)。練習(xí)選擇最佳選項(xiàng)1）Mark often attempts to escape _ whenever he breaks traffic regulations.A）having been finedB）to have been fined C）to be fined D）being fined2）I really appreciate _ to help me, but I am sure that I can manage by myself.A）you to offer B）that you offer C）your o

32、ffering D）that you are offering3）The thief took away the womans wallet without _.A）being seen B）seeingC）him seeingD）seeing him4）No one can avoid _ by advertisements.A）to be influencedB）being influencedC）influencingD）having influenced5）They are considering _ before the prices go up.A）of buying the ho

33、useB）with buying the houseC）buying the houseD）to buy the house6）If I had remembered _ the door, the things would not have been stolen.A）to lockB）lockingC）to have lockedD）having locked7）My transistor radio isnt working.It _.A）need repairingB）needs to repairC）needs repairingD）need to be repaired8）It i

34、s no use _ me not to worry.A）you tellB）your tellingC）for you to have toldD）having told9）He is very busy _ his papers.He is far too busy _ callers.A）to write; to receiveB）writing; to receive C）writing; receivingD）to write; for receiving10）The suspect at last admitted _ stolen goods but denied _ them.

35、A）receiving; sellingB）to receive; to sell C）to receiving; to sellingD）to have received; to have sold11）She apologized for _ to come.A）her not being ableB）her being not able C）not being ableD）that shes not able to12）Please stop _,boys,I have something important to _ you.A）saying; talk B）telling;say C

36、）talking; speakD）talking;tell13）Tony,would you go and see if Sam has any difficulty _ his tape recorder?A）to fix B）fixing C）for fixing D）fix14）I remember _ to help us if we ever got in trouble.A）once offeringB）him once offeringC）him to offerD）to offer him15）John regretted _ to the meeting last week.

37、A）not goingB）not to goC）not having been goingD）not to be going16）Do you feel like _ out or would you rather _ dinner at home?A）going; to haveB）to go; to haveC）to go; havingD）going; have17）We had some trouble _ the house and nobody seemed _where it was。A）in finding; knowingB）finding; to know C）to fin

38、d; knowing D）to find; to know19）It is no good _ remember grammatical rules.You need to practise what you have learned.A）trying toB）to try toC）try toD）tried to20）I dont like _ at me.A）them laughing B）their laughC）them laughD）them to have laughed21）We suggested _ in hotels but the children were anxiou

39、s _ out。A）sleeping; to campB）sleeping; camping C）to sleep; to campD）to sleep; camping22）The match was cancelled because most of the members _ a match without a standard court.A）objected to havingB）were objected to have C）objected to haveD）were objected to having23）After _ him better,I regretted _ hi

40、m unfairly.A）getting to know; to judgeB）getting to know; to have judgedC）getting to have know; judgingD）getting to know; having judged24）He is looking forward to _ his holiday in Britain.A）spendB）have spentC）spendingD）having been spending25） Why were you so late for work today? _ to the office was v

41、ery slow this morning because of the traffic.A）DrivingB）I droveC）To driveD）That I drove26）It was impolite of him _without _goodbye.A）to leave,sayingB）leaving,to sayC）to leave,to sayD）leaving,saying27）He kept _to his parents。A）putting off to writeB）to put off to writeC）putting off writingD）to put off

42、 writing用動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. They all enjoyed _ (learn) to skate.2. Have you finished _ (read) the book?3. He wouldnt consider _ (make) these changes.4. Jack has just given up _ (smoke).5. Peter kept on _ (ask) questions.6. She didnt mind _ (work) over time.7. We cant postpone _ (answer) that letter any lon

43、ger.8. On _ (arrive) at the village he found tractors working in the fields.9. Besides _ (read), he is fond of _ (dance) and _ (snake).10. Instead of _(go) to the concert, she went to an exhibition.完形填空Once upon a time, there was a poor man. His 41 was also very poor a small and empty house, which w

44、as 42 with spider webs (蜘蛛網(wǎng)). People tried to 43 coming into his house as they didnt want to come to such a 44 place. And the poor man thought that poverty (貧困) was the 45 for his unlucky life.Then, the poor man 46 a wise man and told him about his poverty. The man felt sorry for the poor man and gave him a vase (花瓶). “This will save you from 47 ,” the wise man 48 . The poor man took the 49 from the wise man and wanted to 50 it at first and then spend the money on drinking, as usual. Besides, why would he 51 such a beautiful thing? But then he started 52 the vase carefully and dec