如何培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)造力和自信心

1、I wanted to talk to you today about creative confidence.Im going to start way back in the third grade at Oakdale School in Barberton, Ohio.I remember one day my best friend Brian was working on a project.He was making a horse out of the clay that our teacher kept under the sink.And at one point, one

2、 of the girls who was sitting at his table,seeing what he was doing,leaned over and said to him, Thats terrible. That doesnt look anything like a horse. And Brians shoulders sank.And he wadded up the clay horse and he threw it back in the bin.I never saw Brian do a project like that ever again.今天我想講

3、一講關(guān)于創(chuàng)造力自信心的問題。最開始我要追溯到我還在俄亥俄州巴伯頓的歐克代爾學(xué)校上三年級的時候，記得有一天，我最好的朋友布萊恩正在做手工，他在用老師放在水池下的陶土做一匹馬。忽然，跟他同桌的一個女孩兒，看到他在做的東西?？窟^來說道“真差勁。那看起來一點兒也不像馬”，布萊恩的肩膀懈下來，把陶土小馬捏成一團，扔進了垃圾箱。之后我再也沒見過布萊恩做類似的手工了。And I wonder how often that happens.It seems like when I tell that story of Brian to my class,a lot of them want to come u

4、p after class and tell me about their similar experience,how a teacher shut them down or how a student was particularly cruel to them.And some opt out thinking of themselves as creative at that point.And I see that opting out that happens in childhood,and it moves in and becomes more ingrained,even

5、by the time you get to adult life.我想知道這種事有多普遍，當(dāng)我對學(xué)生們講布萊恩的故事時，似乎有很多人想在課后留下來，告訴了我他們自己類似的經(jīng)歷。老師如何貶低他們、同學(xué)如何不留情面，其中一些人從此再也不相信，自己是有創(chuàng)意的人。我發(fā)現(xiàn)這種童年時的改變，會變得越來越深刻，甚至直至成年。所以我們看到很多這樣的例子。So we see a lot of this.When we have a work shop or when we have clients in to work with us side-by-side,eventually we get to the

6、 point in the process thats fuzzy or unconventional.And eventually these big shot executives whip out their Blackberries and they say they have to make really important phone calls,and they head for the exits.And theyre just so uncomfortable.When we track them down and ask them whats going on,they s

7、ay something like, Im just not the creative type. But we know thats not true. If they stick with the process, if they stick with it,they end up doing amazing things and they surprise themselves just how innovative they and their teams really are.So Ive been looking at this fear of judgment that we h

8、ave.That you dont do things, youre afraid youre going to be judged.If you dont say the right creative thing, youre going to be judged.當(dāng)我們辦講座或是與客戶在一起工作的時候，最終我們會進入一個環(huán)節(jié)，一個模糊的、非常規(guī)的環(huán)節(jié)。最終，這些高層經(jīng)理會抽出他們的黑莓手機，說他們必須打幾個非常重要的電話，然后就走出了房間。他們感到極不舒服。當(dāng)我們跟蹤調(diào)查，問他們到底是怎么回事，他們回答道：“我真不是創(chuàng)造型的人”。我們知道事實并非如此，如果他們堅持到底，就會取得非常驚人的成

9、果。然后他們會感到非常驚奇，自己和所在團隊是多么有創(chuàng)意，所以我一直在研究這種評價恐懼癥。你不去做一件事，因為你害怕被評價，如果你說不出正確的有創(chuàng)造性的想法，就會被品頭論足。And I had a major breakthrough when I met the psychologist Albert Bandura.I dont know if you know Albert Bandura. But if you go to Wikipedia, it says that hes the fourth most important psychologist in history - lik

10、e Freud, Skinner, somebody and Bandura. Banduras 86 and he still works at Stanford.And hes just a lovely guy.And so I went to see him because he has just worked on phobias for a long time, which Im very interested in. He had developed this way, this kind of methodology,that ended up curing people in

11、 a very short amount of time.我的主要突破發(fā)生在，我遇到心理學(xué)家艾伯特.班杜拉(Albert Bandura)之后，不知你們了不了解艾伯特.班杜拉。但如果你們查查維基百科，上面寫著他是歷史上最重要的心理學(xué)家第四名。弗洛伊德、斯金納、某某和班杜拉，班杜拉已經(jīng)86歲了，還在斯坦福任職。他是一個友善的人。我去拜訪他，因他在恐懼癥領(lǐng)域有多年經(jīng)驗，而我對此很感興趣。他開發(fā)出一種方法能在短時間內(nèi)治好各種恐懼癥。在四小時的治療時間里，治愈率相當(dāng)高。In four hours he had a huge cure rate of people who had phobias. An

12、d we talked about snakes. I dont know why we talked about snakes. We talked about snakes and fear of snakes as a phobia. And it was really enjoyable, really interesting. He told me that hed invite the test subject in, and hed say, You know, theres a snake in the next room and were going to go in the

13、re. To which, he reported, most of them replied, Hell no, Im not going in there,certainly if theres a snake in there. But Bandura has a step-by-step process that was super successful. So hed take people to this two-way mirror looking into the room where the snake was, and hed get them comfortable wi

14、th that. And then through a series of steps, hed move them and theyd be standing in the doorway with the door open and theyd be looking in there. And hed get them comfortable with that. And then many more steps later, baby steps, theyd be in the room, theyd have a leather glove like a welders glove

15、on,and theyd eventually touch the snake. And when they touched the snake everything was fine. They were cured. In fact, everything was better than fine. These people who had life-long fears of snakes were saying things like,Look how beautiful that snake is.And they were holding it in their laps. Ban

16、dura calls this process guided mastery. I love that term: guided mastery.我們談到了，不過我們就談到了蛇，以及人對蛇的恐懼，談話令人愉悅，非常有趣。他告訴我他邀請受試者進入房間，對他們說：“隔壁房間有一條蛇，我們要走進去”多數(shù)受試者回答“天哪，不！我肯定不會進去的！有蛇在那兒”。班杜拉有一套極為成功的步驟。首先他把受試者帶到雙面鏡前，觀察蛇在房間里的動向，讓人們逐漸適應(yīng)。然后經(jīng)過一系列步驟，受試者被帶到打開的房間門口站著，往里面看，并逐漸適應(yīng)。之后還有許多循序漸進的步驟，他們進入房間，帶著焊工那種皮手套，觸摸蛇。當(dāng)他們摸到

17、蛇的時候，事實上，結(jié)果比這更好，這些生來對蛇恐懼的人，說道“看那條蛇多漂亮”。他們可以把蛇放在膝蓋上，班杜拉稱之為“引導(dǎo)性掌控”，我喜歡這個術(shù)語：“引導(dǎo)性掌控”。And something else happened, these people who went through the process and touched the snake ended up having less anxiety about other things in their lives. They tried harder, they persevered longer, and they were more

18、resilient in the face of failure. They just gained a new confidence. And Bandura calls that confidence self-efficacy - the sense that you can change the world and that you can attain what you set out to do.Well meeting Bandura was really cathartic for me because I realized that this famous scientist

19、 had documented and scientifically validated something that weve seen happen for the last 30 years. That we could take people who had the fear that they werent creative, and we could take them through a series of steps, kind of like a series of small successes, and they turn fear into familiarity, a

20、nd they surprise themselves. That transformation is amazing. We see it at the d.school all the time. People from all different kinds of disciplines, they think of themselves as only analytical. And they come in and they go through the process, our process, they build confidence and now they think of

21、 themselves differently. And theyre totally emotionally excited about the fact that they walk around thinking of themselves as a creative person. So I thought one of the things Id do today is take you through and show you what this journey looks like.其他的事發(fā)生了，在這些人經(jīng)歷所有程序最后觸摸到蛇后，他們對生活中其他事情的焦慮也都減輕了，他們更努

22、力，更堅持，在失敗面前表現(xiàn)得更有韌性。他們獲得了一種新的自信，班杜拉稱這種自信為自我效能。一種你能改變世界的感覺，你能達(dá)成自己目標(biāo)的感覺。與班杜拉的會見對我意義非凡，因為我認(rèn)識到這位著名的科學(xué)家。有文獻和科學(xué)證據(jù)來證明，我們過去三十年所見證的事情，證明了我們可以帶領(lǐng)那些懼怕自己沒有創(chuàng)造力的人們，通過一系列步驟，一系列小小的成功，把懼怕成為熟悉，讓他們給自己帶來驚喜，這種轉(zhuǎn)變是驚人的。我們不斷在斯坦福設(shè)計學(xué)院(d.school)看到，不同學(xué)科的人們，他們認(rèn)為自己只是善于分析。他們來我們這兒，經(jīng)歷我們開發(fā)的流程，樹立自信，對自己產(chǎn)生新的看法。他們會非常的激動，因為他們從此之后，會認(rèn)為自己是有創(chuàng)造力

23、的人。我認(rèn)為我今天的任務(wù)之一，就是向你們展示這個過程是怎樣的。 To me, that journey looks like Doug Dietz. Doug Dietz is a technical person. He designs medical imaging equipment, large medical imaging equipment. Hes worked for GE, and hes had a fantastic career. But at one point he had a moment of crisis. He was in the hospital lo

24、oking at one of his MRI machines in use when he saw a young family. There was a little girl, and that little girl was crying and was terrified. And Doug was really disappointed to learn that nearly 80 percent of the pediatric patients in this hospital had to be sedated in order to deal with his MRI

25、machine. And this was really disappointing to Doug, because before this time he was proud of what he did. He was saving lives with this machine. But it really hurt him to see the fear that this machine caused in kids. About that time he was at the d.school at Stanford taking classes. He was learning

26、 about our process about design thinking, about empathy, about iterative prototyping.And he would take this new knowledge and do something quite extraordinary. He would redesign the entire experience of being scanned. And this is what he came up with. 對于我來說，演示這個過程最好的例子就是道格.迪茲(Doug Dietz)，道格.迪茲是個技術(shù)型人

27、才。他設(shè)計醫(yī)用成像設(shè)備，大型的醫(yī)用成像設(shè)備。他為通用電氣(GE)工作，有非常成功的事業(yè)，不過他也曾有危機時刻。他在醫(yī)院里觀察他的核磁共振儀器的實際使用，他看到一個年輕的家庭，那家的小女孩，被嚇哭了。道格心情沮喪地發(fā)現(xiàn)，醫(yī)院里將近80%的兒科患者，需要服用鎮(zhèn)靜劑才能做核磁共振。因為這之前他一直為自己的工作感到驕傲，這令道格大為受挫。他覺得自己的這臺機器能拯救生命，然而事實給了他很大打擊，這臺機器給孩子們帶來的是恐懼。就在那時，他正在斯坦福設(shè)計學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí)，他知道了我們的流程。關(guān)于設(shè)計性思維，同情心以及迭代的原型設(shè)計。他運用了這些新知識，做出了非凡的成果。他重新設(shè)計了掃描檢查的全部體驗，這就是他的成果

28、。He turned it into an adventure for the kids. He painted the walls and he painted the machine, and he got the operators retrained by people who know kids, like childrens museum people. And now when the kid comes, its an experience. And they talk to them about the noise and the movement of the ship.

29、And when they come, they say, Okay, youre going to go into the pirate ship, but be very still because we dont want the pirates to find you. And the results were super dramatic. So from something like 80 percent of the kids needing to be sedated, to something like 10 percent of the kids needing to be

30、 sedated. And the hospital and GE were happy too. Because you didnt have to call the anesthesiologist all the time, they could put more kids through the machine in a day. So the quantitative results were great. But Dougs results that he cared about were much more qualitative. He was with one of the

31、mothers waiting for her child to come out of the scan. And when the little girl came out of her scan, she ran up to her mother and said, Mommy, can we come back tomorrow?他把核磁共振檢查變成了孩子們的大冒險，他在墻上和機器上畫上圖案，他請懂孩子的人對醫(yī)務(wù)人員重新培訓(xùn)。比如說兒童博物館的工作人員，對孩子們來說這是一次獨特體驗。他們對孩子們解釋噪音和檢查艙的運行，他們對來檢查的孩子說“好了，你現(xiàn)在要潛入這艘海盜船別亂動，不然海盜會

32、發(fā)現(xiàn)你的”結(jié)果是戲劇化的。需要服用鎮(zhèn)靜劑的孩子從80%降到了10%。醫(yī)院和通用電氣公司對此都很高興，他們不用一直找麻醉師了。每天可以做的檢查數(shù)量增加了，這個定量結(jié)果十分顯著，但道格真正在乎的是定性結(jié)論。他陪同一位母親，等待她的孩子完成檢查，當(dāng)小女孩做完了檢查，她跑到媽媽那兒說“媽媽，我們明天還能來嗎？”And so Ive heard Doug tell the story many times, of his personal transformation and the breakthrough design that happened from it, but Ive never rea

33、lly seen him tell the story of the little girl without a tear in his eye. Dougs story takes place in a hospital. I know a thing or two about hospitals. A few years ago I felt a lump on the side of my neck, and it was my turn in the MRI machine. It was cancer. It was the bad kind. I was told I had a

34、40 percent chance of survival. So while youre sitting around with the other patients in your pajamas and everybodys pale and thin and youre waiting for your turn to get the gamma rays, you think of a lot of things. Mostly you think about, Am I going to survive? 我不止一次聽道格講起這個故事，這個故事關(guān)于他個人的轉(zhuǎn)變，和由此而來的突破性設(shè)

35、計。但每一次他講到那個小女孩的故事，他都會眼含淚水，道格的故事發(fā)生在醫(yī)院里。我恰巧對醫(yī)院略知一二，幾年前我感覺自己的脖子側(cè)面長了一個腫塊，于是輪到我去做核磁共振了，是腫瘤。惡性的。我被告知只有40%的存活率，當(dāng)我坐在一群穿著病號服的病患中間。所有人看起來都蒼白瘦弱，等著輪到自己做放療的那些時間里，會想到很多事。多數(shù)時間是想“我能活下來嗎？” And I thought a lot about, What was my daughters life going to be like without me? But you think about other things. I thought a

36、 lot about, What was I put on Earth to do? What was my calling? What should I do? And I was lucky because I had lots of options. Wed been working in health and wellness, and K through 12, and the Developing World. And so there were lots of projects that I could work on. But I decided and I committed

37、 to at this point to the thing I most wanted to do - was to help as many people as possible regain the creative confidence they lost along their way. And if I was going to survive, thats what I wanted to do. I survived, just so you know.我也無數(shù)次想到，要是我不在了，我女兒會怎樣？我也想到很多別的事情。我經(jīng)常想：我來到世上究竟要做什么？我的使命是什么？我應(yīng)該做什么？我很幸運，因為有很多選擇，我們一直從事醫(yī)療福利領(lǐng)域的工作，為K through 12項目工作，為第三世界工作。我能做的項目有很多，但在那時我決定要投身于我最想做的工作。那就是去幫助盡可能多的人，讓他們重新獲得成長過程中丟失的創(chuàng)造力自信心。如果我活下來，我就去做這件事，我活下來了，如你們所見。I really believe that when people gain this confidence - and we see it all the time at the d.school and at IDEO - they act