TOEFL分類詞匯(超經(jīng)典)8頁

1、 TOEFL分類詞匯根據(jù)“最強的天使”的托福分類詞匯及語音文件匯總整理1地理GEOGRAPHYgeography地理geographer地理學家hemisphere半球meridian子午線，經(jīng)線parallel平行圈，緯線latitude緯度longitude經(jīng)度elevation海拔altitude高度temperatelatitudes溫帶地區(qū)horizon地平線equator赤道tropics熱帶地區(qū)Arctic北極Antarctic(Antarctica)南極expedition探險timezone時區(qū)topography地形，地形學plain平原plateau(highland)高

2、地lowland低地basin盆地cavern(cave)洞穴terrain地域subterranean(underground)地底下coastland沿海地區(qū)island島嶼continentalisland大陸島volcanicisland火山島coralisland珊瑚島islet小島peninsular半島continent大陸continentalshelf大陸架ranges山脈valley峽谷canyon峽谷channel(strait)海峽remote-sensing遙感的terrestrial地球的，陸地的terrestrialheat(geothermal)地熱t(yī)erres

3、trialmagnetism(geomagnetism)地磁continentaldrift大陸漂移學說sea-floorspreading海床擴展evaporation蒸發(fā)salinity含鹽度oceanbottom海床sediment沉淀物，沉積物tropical熱帶的temperate溫帶的frigid寒帶的formation形成frostheaving凍脹現(xiàn)象fieldstone卵石Grain紋理Crystallize 使成型Split 分裂2地質(zhì)類geology地質(zhì)學geologist地質(zhì)學家crust地殼mantle地幔core地核continentalcrust大陸地殼ocean

4、iccrust海洋地殼layer(stratum,復數(shù)strata)地層plate板塊fault斷層faultplane斷層面faultzone斷層帶rift(crack;split)斷裂disintegration(decomposition)分解erosion腐蝕fossil化石igneousrock火成巖sedimentaryrock沉積巖metamorphicrock變質(zhì)巖quartz石英limestone石灰?guī)rmarble大理石granite花崗巖lithogenous巖成的lithosphere巖石圈magma巖漿mineral礦物ore礦石deposit礦床platinum白金，

5、鉑silver銀copper黃銅aluminum鋁tin錫lead鉛zinc鋅nickel鎳mercury汞，水銀sodium鈉gem寶石diamond鉆石emerald綠寶石ruby紅寶石glacier冰川glacial冰川的glacialepoch(age,period)冰川期glacialdrift冰漬iceberg冰山volcano火山activevolcano活火山extinctvolcano死火山dormantvolcano休眠火山eruption火山噴發(fā)crater火山口lava火山巖漿volcanic火山的volcanicdust火山塵volcanicash火山灰earthqu

6、ake(quake;tremor;seism)地震seismic地震的seismology地震學magnitude震級seismicwave地震波cataclysm災變3天文類1ASTRONOMY天文astronomy天文學astronomical天文的astronomicalobservatory天文臺astronomer天文學家astrophysics天文物理學astrology占星學pseudoscience偽科學cosmos(universe)宇宙cosmology宇宙學infinite無限的cosmic宇宙的cosmicradiation宇宙輻射cosmicrays宇宙射線celes

7、tial天的celestialbody(heavenlybody)天體celestialmap(skyatlas)天體圖celestialsphere天球dwarf(dwarfstar)矮星quasar類星體，類星射電源constellation星座galaxy(MilkyWay)新河系cluster星團solarsystem太陽系solarcorona日冕solareclipse日食solarradiation太陽輻射planet行星planetoid(asteroid)小行星revolve旋轉，繞轉twinkle閃爍nakedeye肉眼Mercury水星Venus金星Earth地球Mars

8、火星Jupiter木星Saturn土星Uranus天王星originate 起源terrestrial 內(nèi)陸的Neptune海王星Pluto冥王星orbit軌道spin旋轉satellite衛(wèi)星lunar月球的meteor流星meteorshower流星雨meteoroid流星體meteorite隕石comet彗星space(outerspace)太空，外層空間spacecraft(spaceship)宇宙飛船spaceman(astronaut)宇航員，航天員spacesuit宇航服，航天服spaceshuttle航天飛機spacetelescope空間望遠鏡astronaut宇航員star

9、恒星stellar恒星的intergalactic星系間的interstellar恒星間的interplanetary行星間的asteroid小行星nebula星云spacedebris太空垃圾ammonia氨corona日冕leap year 閏年rotation 自轉analogy 類比methane 甲烷alcohol 酒精 fraction 部分incorporate 體現(xiàn)round off 使完美derive 起源 chromosphere色球photosphere色球層debris 小碎屑convectionzone對流層vacuum真空infraredray紅外線chondrit

10、e球粒absolutemagnitude絕對量級radiation輻射emission發(fā)射，散發(fā)high-resolution高清晰度interferometer干擾儀4考古，人類anthropologist人類學家paleoanthropologist古人類學家ecologicalanthropologist生態(tài)人類學家psychologicalanthropologist心理人類學家origin起源originate起源于ancestor祖先hominid人（科）homogeneous同一種族（種類）的tribe部落clan氏族archeologist考古學家excavation挖掘exc

11、avate(unearth)挖掘ruins遺跡，廢墟remains遺跡，遺骸artifact手工藝品relic遺物，文物antique古物，古董antiquity古代，古老StoneAge石器時代BronzeAge（青）銅器時代IronAge鐵器時代Paleolithic舊石器時代的Mesolithic中石器時代的Neolithic新石器時代的archaeology考古學anthropology人類學morphology形態(tài)學skull顱骨cranial顱骨的5生態(tài)類ECOLOGY生態(tài)學ecologist生態(tài)學家ecosystem生態(tài)系統(tǒng)balance(ofnature)自然界生態(tài)平衡faun

12、a動物群flora植物群rainforest雨林foodchain食物鏈acidrain酸雨greenhouseeffect溫室效應infraredradiation紅外線輻射ozonelayer(ozonosphere)臭氧層ultravioletradiation紫外輻射pollution污染pollutioncontrol污染控制airpollution空氣污染waterpollution水污染noisepollution噪音污染soilpollution土壤污染pollution-free無污染pollutant污染物noxious(toxic)有毒的fumes（有毒）廢氣waste廢

13、物solidwaste固體垃圾sewage(wastewater)污水sewagepurification污水凈化sewagedisposal污水處理decibel（噪音）分貝6氣象類Meteorology氣象meteorology氣象meteorologist氣象學家forecast(predict)預報climate氣候atmosphere大氣層troposphere對流層current（氣）流vapor蒸汽evaporate蒸發(fā)damp(wet;moist;humid)潮濕的humidity濕度moisture潮濕；水分saturate飽和dew露frost霜fog(mist)霧smog

14、煙霧droplet小水珠condense濃縮crystal水晶體downpour(torrentialrain)大雨tempest(storm)暴風雨drizzle細雨shower陣雨hail冰雹blizzard(snowstorm)暴風雪avalanche(snowslide)雪崩precipitation（雨、露、雪等）降水breeze微風gale大風whirlwind旋風typhoon臺風hurricane颶風tornado(twister,cyclone)龍卷風funnel漏斗，漏斗云disaster(calamity,catastrophe)災難devastation破壞submer

15、ge淹沒drought旱災7化學類chemistry化學chemicalproperty化學特性，化學性質(zhì)chemicalcomposition(makeup)化學成分chemicalagent化學試劑chemicalreaction化學反應chemicalchange化學變化chemicalbond化學鍵chemicalapparatus化學器械substance(matter;material)物質(zhì)element元素periodictable周期表hydrogen氫oxygen氧nitrogen氮helium氦carbon碳calcium鈣silicon硅sulfur硫iodine碘com

16、pound化合物hydrocarbon碳氫化合物derivative衍生物alchemy煉金術petroleum(oil)石油petroleumproducts石油產(chǎn)品crudeoil原油refine提煉，精煉gasoline汽油methane甲烷solution溶液dissolve溶解solvent溶劑solubility可溶性cohesive聚合力adhesive粘合力atom原子nucleus原子核electron電子neutron中子proton質(zhì)子molecule分子particle粒子ion離子particleaccelerator粒子加速器catalysis（復數(shù)catalyse

17、s）催化作用catalyst催化劑artificial人造的synthetic合成的syntheticfiber人造纖維polymer聚合物polymerization聚合作用plastic塑料dye染料cosmetics化妝品8物理類PHYSICS物理physics物理mechanics力學thermodynamics熱力學acoustics聲學electromagnetism電磁學optics光學dynamics動力學force力velocity速度acceleration加速度equilibrium平衡statics靜力學motion運動inertia慣性gravitation引力rel

18、ativity相對gravity地心引力vibration震動medium(media)媒質(zhì)frequency頻率wavelength波長pitch音高intensity強度echo回聲resonance回聲，洪亮sonar聲納ultrasonics超聲學electricity電staticelectricity靜電magnetism磁性，磁力magnet磁體electromagnet電磁magneticfield磁場electriccurrent電流directcurrent(DC)直流電alternatingcurrent(AC)交流電electriccircuit電路electricch

19、arge電荷electricvoltage電壓electricshock觸電electricappliance電器conductor導體insulator絕緣體semiconductor半導體battery(cell)電池drybattery干電池storagebattery蓄電池electronics電子學electronic電子的electroniccomponent(part)電子零件integratedcircuit集成電路chip集成電器片，集成塊electrontube電子管vacuumtube真空管transistor晶體管amplification(名詞)放大amplify（動

20、詞）放大amplifier放大器，揚聲器oscillation震蕩optical光（學）的opticalfiber光學纖維lens透鏡，鏡片convex凸透鏡concave凹透鏡microscope顯微鏡telescope望遠鏡magnifier放大鏡spectrum光譜ultraviolet紫外線XraysX射線Gammarays射線infraredrays紅外線microwaves微波dispersion色散transparent透明translucent半透明opaque不透明的9數(shù)學類MATHEMATICSmathematics數(shù)學mathematician數(shù)學家arithmetic算

21、術calculation計算calculator計算器abacus算盤numeral數(shù)字sum和total(sumtotal)總和，總數(shù)aggregate總計fraction分數(shù)，小數(shù)decimal十進位，（十進）小數(shù)digit數(shù)字，數(shù)位percentage百分比addition加法plus加上subtraction減法minus減去multiplication乘法multiplicationtable乘法表multiply乘以times乘以power乘方square平方division除法divide除以algebra代數(shù)quantity表示量的數(shù)（或符號）equation方程式，等式for

22、mula公式root根geometry幾何geometric幾何的dimension維paralleladj.平行的n.平行線quadrilateral四邊形square正方形area面積rectangle長方形，矩形polygon多邊形cube立方形volume體積sphere球形circle圓形ellipse(oval)橢圓形cone圓錐形circumference圓周diameter直徑radius半徑triangle三角形angle角degree(角)度calculus微積分differentialcalculus微分學integralcalculus積分學function函數(shù)prob

23、ability概率statistics統(tǒng)計quantitative量的，數(shù)量的qualitative質(zhì)的，質(zhì)量的deduction(inference)推論，演繹induction歸納10農(nóng)業(yè)類AGRICULTURE農(nóng)業(yè)agriculture(farming)農(nóng)業(yè)agricultural農(nóng)業(yè)的land(soil)土壤；土地soilconservation土壤保護soilerosion泥土流失silt粉砂，泥沙clay黏土，濕土clod土塊agrarian土地的，農(nóng)業(yè)的pilot(experimental)試驗性的harrow(rake)耙，耙土ridge田埂furrow犁溝plot（patch

24、）小塊地ranch農(nóng)場，牧場plantation種植園orchard果園nursery苗圃seedbed苗床sickle鐮刀spade鏟，鍬shovel(平頭)鏟pick稿tractor拖拉機cultivate(till)耕作sow(seed)播種harvest收割weed除草irrigate灌溉manure(fertilizer)肥料spray噴灑（農(nóng)藥）insecticide(pesticide)殺蟲劑pest害蟲rust銹病grain(cereal)谷物，谷粒granary(grainstore)糧倉mill碾，磨wheat小麥corn玉米rice大米barley大麥sorghum高粱o

25、ats燕麥rye黑麥millet粟，小米vegetable蔬菜horticulture園藝學hydroponics水栽法，營養(yǎng)液栽培法greenhouse(glasshouse,hotbed)溫室cabbage洋白菜lettuce生菜mustard芥菜spinach菠菜broccoli花椰菜cucumber黃瓜eggplant茄子pepper辣椒pumpkin南瓜tomato西紅柿beet甜菜carrot胡蘿卜radish小紅蘿卜pea豌豆soybean大豆celery芹菜garlic大蒜leek韭菜onion洋蔥頭potato土豆peanut花生sesame芝麻cotton棉花husband

26、ry(animalhusbandry)畜牧業(yè)pasture牧場livestock家畜fowl(poultry)家禽cattle牛，家畜buffalo野牛dairy(dairycattle)奶牛dairyfarm乳牛場hay（作飼料用）干草haystack干草堆fodder(feed)飼料trough飼料槽barn(shed)牲口槽stable廄，馬廄cowshed牛棚pigpen(hogpen,pigsty)豬圈sheepfold(sheeppen)羊欄roost(henhouse)雞舍fishfarm養(yǎng)魚場aquaculture水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖動物類分類詞匯及語音文件1111動物ANIMALDarv

27、inism達爾文學說naturalselection自然選擇class綱order目family科genus屬suborder亞目species種invertebrate無脊椎動物vertebrate脊椎動物aquatic(life)水生動物reptile爬行動物amphibian(amphibiousanimal)兩棲動物dinosaur恐龍bird鳥類extinction滅絕mammal哺乳動物primates靈長目動物insect昆蟲antenna(復數(shù)antennae)觸須larva幼蟲，幼體camouflage偽裝pest害蟲worm蟲，蠕蟲hibernate冬眠lizard蜥蜴ch

28、ameleon變色蜥蜴regeneration再生turtle龜beast野獸domesticate馴養(yǎng)predatory(carnivorous)食肉的predator捕食者prey（動詞）捕食 （名詞）被捕食的動物scavenger食腐動物migrate遷移wing翅膀，翼bill（鳥）嘴beak（鷹等的）嘴nest筑巢dolphin海豚whale鯨魚bat蝙蝠gorilla大猩猩chimpanzee黑猩猩habitat棲息地rodent嚙齒動物（如松鼠）primate靈長動物plankton浮游生物mollusk軟體動物coelenterate腔腸動物（如珊瑚）shrimp小蝦prawn

29、對蝦lobster對蝦crab螃蟹clam蛤蜊sponge海綿coral珊瑚starfish海星canary金絲雀chirp(鳥，蟲的叫聲)唧唧squeak（老鼠等）吱吱porpoise海豚sloth樹懶slothful懶惰的hygiene衛(wèi)生sanitation衛(wèi)生parasite寄生蟲moth蛾caterpillar毛蟲hordes(昆蟲等)群swarms(昆蟲等)群flock（鳥，羊等）群community動物的群落或人的部落herd獸群bunch（花等）束，捧beaver海貍monogamous一夫一妻的，一雄一雌的polygamous一夫多妻的，一雄多雌的polyandrous一妻多

30、夫的，一雌多雄的trapper誘捕動物者rhinoceros犀牛niche小生態(tài)環(huán)境vestige退化器官，遺跡oyster牡蠣fertilizer使受精larvae幼蟲tentacle觸角homotherm恒溫動物poikilotherm變溫動物metabolism新陳代謝baboon狒狒breed(名詞)品種，（動詞）繁殖multiply（reproduce）繁殖hatch孵spawn(魚、蝦、蛙等)孵offspring(young)解剖學anatomy解剖學appetite食欲creature生物microbe微生物herbivorous食草的carnivorous食肉的omnivoro

31、us雜事的植物類分類詞匯及語音文件1212植物PLANTbotany植物學botanist植物學家botanical(botanic)植物的plant植物aquaticplant水生植物parasiteplant寄生植物root根canopy樹冠層，頂棚foliage(leaf)葉leaflet小葉rosette(葉的)叢生stem莖stalk桿leafstalk葉柄shoot(sprout)嫩芽，抽枝flower花bud花蕾petal花瓣peel(skin)果皮shell(硬)果殼husk（干）果殼；（玉米）苞葉trunk樹干branch樹枝bough大或者粗的樹枝twig小樹枝bark樹皮

32、jungle叢林lawn草坪meadow草地，牧場prairie大草原shrub(bush)灌木cluster一簇（灌木）fern蕨類植物herb草photosynthesis光合作用symbiosis共生wither(shrivel,fade)凋謝pollen花粉pollinate傳授花粉pollination授粉cell細胞tissue組織organ器官system系統(tǒng)seeds種子everlasting永久的orchid蘭花pollinate授粉crossbreed雜交shrub灌木sequoia紅杉rootpressure根壓cohesion-tension凝聚壓力bore腔，腸col

33、umn花柱symbiotic共生的immunity免疫organism生物，有機物necrosis壞死barren貧瘠futile無用的carbohydrate(starch)碳水化合物（淀粉），糖類glucose葡萄糖starch淀粉fat脂肪protein蛋白質(zhì)vitamin維他命calorie卡路里（熱量單位）malnourished營養(yǎng)不良的nutrition營養(yǎng)13政治類POLITICS政治constitution憲法legislation立法Democrats民主黨Republicans共和黨Amendment修正案Congress美國國會Senate參議院HouseofRepre

34、sentatives眾議院monarchy君主制anarchism無政府主義federalsystem聯(lián)邦制presidentialsystem總統(tǒng)制municipal市的，市政的metropolitan大都市的centralized中央集權的ideology意識形態(tài)maneuver擦略tariff關稅immigrant移民institutionalize機構化election選舉vote投票officeholding任職veto否決AmericanRevolution美國革命/獨立戰(zhàn)爭IndependenceWar美國獨立戰(zhàn)爭AmericanCivilWar美國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)radical激進的,根本的overturning顛覆性的independent獨立的breathtaking激動人心的military軍事的colonize拓殖，殖民percapita人均treason叛國conspiracy陰謀imprisonment監(jiān)禁release釋放pardon特赦accusation譴責，指控welfare福利patronage資助，贊助unionization聯(lián)合，結合14教育類EDUCATION教育educator教育家highereducation高等教育moralcharacter道德品質(zhì)domain領域faculty全體教員al