人教版必修二U1CulturalRelicsGrammar定語(yǔ)從句

1、Attributive Clause III定語(yǔ)從句（3）December is a month_.December is a month_ means the end of a year.December is a month _ I like best among 12 months.December is a month _ people will put on thick clothes. which/that which/that/ when/in which一、定語(yǔ)從句的定義：一、定語(yǔ)從句的定義： 用來修飾用來修飾名詞名詞或或代詞代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。被定的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。被定語(yǔ)從

2、句所修飾的名詞或代詞叫語(yǔ)從句所修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句一般是由一般是由關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞或或關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞來引導(dǎo)的。來引導(dǎo)的。Lets review！二、關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的作用：二、關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的作用：1、引導(dǎo)作用、引導(dǎo)作用2、替代作用、替代作用3、在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)某個(gè)成分的作用、在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)某個(gè)成分的作用eg: 1.Those who want to go please sign your names here.關(guān)系代詞的用法關(guān)系代詞的用法指人指人指物指物subject (主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ))object (賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ))attribute（定語(yǔ)）（定語(yǔ)）whomwh

3、owhichthatwhose何時(shí)可以省略？何時(shí)可以省略？做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略Lets review！指代指代所做成分所做成分是否可省略是否可省略whentime時(shí)間時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)nowhereplace地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)nowhyreason原因狀語(yǔ)原因狀語(yǔ)no關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞Lets review！1. The man lives next door is a writer.2.The woman I visited last week is a famous writer.3. Beijing is the city has got the chance to host the

4、2008 Olympic Games.4. A dictionary is a book you can use to learn more words.5. The little boy eyes are blue is holding a dog.6. The house roof was blown away by the storm will be rebuilt soon. who / thatwho / whom / that/which / that which / that/whosewhose7. I began to work in Beijing in the year

5、_New China was founded.8. Do you know the reason _ he didnt come? why9. I cant remember the place _I put my book.wherewhen1.在下列在下列5種情況種情況下下, 一般用一般用that而不用而不用which。I am sure she has something _you can borrow.Ive read all the books _ are not mine. This is the first book _he has read.This is the very b

6、ook _ belongs to him.(1) 當(dāng)先行詞是當(dāng)先行詞是all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不定代詞或被等不定代詞或被all, every, no, some, any, little, much, few, only等修飾時(shí)等修飾時(shí).(2)先行詞被先行詞被序數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞或或形容詞最高級(jí)形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。修飾時(shí)。(3)先行詞被先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last修飾時(shí)修飾時(shí)。thatthatthatthatAttention！(4)當(dāng)先行詞當(dāng)先行詞

7、既有人又有物既有人又有物時(shí)時(shí), 用關(guān)系代詞用關(guān)系代詞thatWe were deeply impressed by the teachers and the schools _we had visited there.that(5) 先行詞是先行詞是who/which或或who/which引導(dǎo)的引導(dǎo)的主句主句。 Who is the girl _drove the car? Who _broke the window will be punished.Which is the book _you bought last week?thatthatthat2.2.關(guān)系關(guān)系代詞指物時(shí)只用代詞指物時(shí)

8、只用whichwhich不用不用thatthat的情況的情況（1 1）在介詞之后）在介詞之后This is the question about _weve had so much discussion.（2 2）當(dāng)主句中的主語(yǔ)被）當(dāng)主句中的主語(yǔ)被thatthat修飾修飾時(shí)時(shí) That dog_ I found in the street belongs to Mary.(3) (3) 在非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中必須用在非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中必須用whichwhich不能不能用用thatthat。They have invited me to visit their country, _is very

9、kind of them.Attention！whichwhichwhichAttention！ 3.that和和who在指在指 人的情況下人的情況下一般都可以互一般都可以互換換, 但在下列情況下但在下列情況下, 一般用一般用who而不用而不用that。1.先行詞為先行詞為those, one, ones, peoples時(shí)時(shí) Those who are from Qingdao come this way.2.當(dāng)先行詞是用當(dāng)先行詞是用-body或或-one構(gòu)成的不定代詞構(gòu)成的不定代詞時(shí)時(shí)Is there anybody else who should be invited 4.關(guān)系關(guān)系副詞都

10、等于一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~副詞都等于一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~which，在從句中作，在從句中作狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)When=in/at/on/during+which;Where=in/at/on/+which;Why=for +which 1.Do you still remember the day _we went to visit the museum together? 2.This is the factory _my father once worked. 3.This is the reason _ he was late.Attention！ when/on which where/in which wh

11、y/for which5.關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的不同成分關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的不同成分Attention！A. I know a place _ we can have a picnic.I know a place _is famous for its beautiful natural scenery. where which/thatB. I will never forget the days _ we spent our holidays together. I will never forget the days _ we spent together. whi

12、ch/thatwhenC. This is the reason _ he was dismissed.whyThis is the reason _ he explained to me forhis not attending the meeting. which/that 一、一、限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句 1限制性定語(yǔ)從句是限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞在意義上不可缺少的定語(yǔ)，先行詞在意義上不可缺少的定語(yǔ)，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意義。這種從句如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意義。這種從句和主句的關(guān)系十分密切，寫時(shí)不用逗號(hào)分開。和主句的關(guān)系十分

13、密切，寫時(shí)不用逗號(hào)分開。限制性定限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞?？墒÷浴ＵZ(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞?？墒÷?。如：如：a) What is the name of the tall woman who is standing there? 站在那邊的那個(gè)女人叫什么名字站在那邊的那個(gè)女人叫什么名字?b) Toronto is a city (that) I ve always wanted to visit.多倫多是我常想去參觀的一個(gè)城市。多倫多是我常想去參觀的一個(gè)城市。Lets learn！2非限制性定語(yǔ)從句和主句關(guān)系不十分密切，只是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句和主句關(guān)系不十分密切，只是對(duì)先對(duì)先行詞作些附加

14、的說明行詞作些附加的說明, 如果去掉如果去掉, 主句的意思仍然清楚。這主句的意思仍然清楚。這種從句和主句之間往往用逗號(hào)分開，一般種從句和主句之間往往用逗號(hào)分開，一般不用不用that引導(dǎo)。引導(dǎo)。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系詞不可省略關(guān)系詞不可省略。如：。如：a) Rome, which is the capital of Italy, has a very long history. 意大利的首都羅馬歷史非常悠久。意大利的首都羅馬歷史非常悠久。b) Yesterday I met Professor King, who came from the University of Lo

15、ndon. 昨天我遇見金教授，他從倫敦大學(xué)來的。昨天我遇見金教授，他從倫敦大學(xué)來的。c) He lent me a dictionary, which was just what I needed.他借給我一本詞典，這正是我所需要的。他借給我一本詞典，這正是我所需要的。3.3.大多數(shù)限制性和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞往往大多數(shù)限制性和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞往往為某一個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)，為某一個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)，而特殊場(chǎng)合非限制性定語(yǔ)從句而特殊場(chǎng)合非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞也可為整個(gè)主句，此時(shí)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞也可為整個(gè)主句，此時(shí)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句常由常由whichwhich引導(dǎo)。引導(dǎo)。eg. A middl

16、e-aged woman killed her husband, which frightened me very much.一個(gè)中年女子殺害了其丈夫，這事令我十分恐懼。一個(gè)中年女子殺害了其丈夫，這事令我十分恐懼。析析：從語(yǔ)境可知，令我恐懼的內(nèi)容應(yīng)為中年女子殺：從語(yǔ)境可知，令我恐懼的內(nèi)容應(yīng)為中年女子殺害了其丈夫這整個(gè)一件事，因此先行詞為整個(gè)主句，害了其丈夫這整個(gè)一件事，因此先行詞為整個(gè)主句，此時(shí)應(yīng)由此時(shí)應(yīng)由which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。1. Some of the roads were flooded, made our journey more difficult.2. He has

17、 smoothly entered a key middle school, makes his parents very happy. 3. Mr King, legs were badly hurt, was quickly taken to hospital.4. We shall make a decision about Ms King, story I have just told you. 5. He made the same mistakes again, _ made his parents very angry.6. Yesterday I bought a dictio

18、nary, _ cost me more than 100 yuan .7. Mr Smith, _ gave a talk several months ago,will come again.whichwhichwhosewhosewhichwhichwhoLets learn！相同點(diǎn)： as 和 which 都可用作關(guān)系代詞來引導(dǎo)從句二. as 和 which 的用法 as, which 指代整個(gè)句子或短語(yǔ)。由as, which 引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，相當(dāng)于and this或and that。在很多時(shí)候，表示說話人對(duì)話語(yǔ)的看法或態(tài)度，此時(shí)它們的先行詞并不是具體的某個(gè)詞，而是整個(gè)句子或短

19、語(yǔ)：He was late for school，as/which was usual with him.他上學(xué)遲到，這是家常便飯。I live a long way from work，as/which you know.我離上班的地方很遠(yuǎn)，你是知道這一點(diǎn)的。as 的特殊用法：1、如果要說明兩者有相似之處時(shí)通常用as，表達(dá)“正如(情形或事實(shí)所表示)的那樣、像的一樣”的意思。例如：She is a fine singer，as her mother used to be.她是一個(gè)很出色的歌唱家，和她母親當(dāng)年一樣。he is the same age as you (are). 她和你年齡一樣大

20、。與the same/such.as 連用As water is to fish, so air is to man. 正如水對(duì)魚一樣重要，空氣對(duì)于人同樣重要。3、as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的位置比較靈活，既可位于所修飾的句子之后，也可位于句中或句首；而由 which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句一般不位于句首。例如： As you will find out，I will never let you down.你將會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，我絕不會(huì)使你失望的。2、as常與從句中的know，see， hear，expect等動(dòng)詞連用，也常用于as often happen,as is often the case(常有

21、的事)等句子中。As you know, he is from Beijing. 正如你所知道的，他來自北京。 As is known to everybody,the moon travels round the earth once every month. 1.Such people _you describe are rare nowadays.2.Lets discuss only such questions _concern every one of us.3.Would you please buy me the same novel _you bought for broth

22、er yesterday, Mum?4. _we all know, John is an honest man.5.He was a foreigner，_ I knew from his accent. asasasAs常用于常用于as is known to all, as you know, as is expected，the sameas, suchas, asas, soas 句型中，句型中，as不可省略不可省略 which/as核心歸納活學(xué)活用1)Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon _school e

23、ducation depends.2)The books on the desk, covers are shiny,are prizes for us.3)Opposite is St.Pauls Church, you can hear some lovely music.4)China Today attracts a worldwide readership, shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.5)Creating an atmosphere employees fe

24、el part of a team is a big challenge.which whose where which where 核心歸納6)Wind power(風(fēng)能) is an ancient source of energy we may return in the near future.7)The settlement(定居區(qū)) is home to nearly 1,000 people,many of left their village homes for a better life in the city.8)In China,the number of cities

25、is increasing _development is recognized (認(rèn)可) across the world.9) is known to all,the sun rises in the east.10)Peter has many friends,few can help him.11) is often the case in science,there is no simple answer.12)Thats the new machine parts are too small to be seen.to which whom whose As of whom As whose 核心歸納13)The school shop, customers are mainly students,is closed for the holidays.14)Julie was good at German,French and Russian,all of_ she spo