五、動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞(V+ing結(jié)構(gòu))

1、動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞 (V+ing結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu))l動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞在形式上無(wú)區(qū)別，動(dòng)名詞具有名詞名詞性質(zhì)，而現(xiàn)在分詞具有形容詞、副詞形容詞、副詞性質(zhì)。動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞 (V+ing結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu))l一般地，Ving 結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)、介詞賓語(yǔ)、前置定語(yǔ)時(shí)為動(dòng)名詞，后置定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)時(shí)為現(xiàn)在分詞。動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞 (V+ing結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu))l動(dòng)名詞：既具有動(dòng)詞的性質(zhì)，后可接賓語(yǔ)，可用副詞修飾語(yǔ)，又占據(jù)名詞的位置，可作主語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)、介詞賓語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞 (V+ing結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu))一一l作主語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ) Learning without pr

2、actice is no good.l作主語(yǔ)時(shí)有時(shí)用it引導(dǎo)的形式主語(yǔ)。 It is no good learning without practice. It is worthwhile discussing the question again.動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞 (V+ing結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu))二二作表語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ) Our duty is making instruments.動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞 (V+ing結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu))三三作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)l下列動(dòng)詞只接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)：下列動(dòng)詞只接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)：admit, avoid, deny, dislike, enjoy, excu

3、se, finish, mind, miss(錯(cuò)過(guò))，practice, require, suggest, risk, consider, admit, favor, delay, postpone, endure, escape, appreciate, cant help.Have you finished repairing the tape recorder?l可接動(dòng)名詞和不定式作賓語(yǔ)的詞，但有些意義不同：可接動(dòng)名詞和不定式作賓語(yǔ)的詞，但有些意義不同：attempt, begin, continue, forget, remember, hate, learn, like, love

4、, prefer, need, regret, start, stop, try, wantThey began studying computer last week.動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞 (V+ing結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu))四四1. remember, forget, regret lCant you remember telling me the story last night? lYou must remember to tell him the news.lI dont regret telling her what I thought.2. need, wantlThe lette

5、r needs signing. =The letter needs to be signed. lThe house wants repairing. = The house wants to be repaired.動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞 (V+ing結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu))五五3. stop , go onlThey stopped (talking) to work. They stopped working.lWorkers went on discussing the problem. Workers went on to discuss the problem.4. try: try

6、 to V：設(shè)法做某事 try ving ：嘗試、試一試lLets trying doing the work this way. l Ill work hard, and try to improve.動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞 (V+ing結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu))六六l5. mean: mean to V：企圖干、打算干 mean Ving：意味著lFailing this exam means waiting for a year.lI meant to have told you about it, but I forget to do so.動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞 (V+ing結(jié)構(gòu)

7、結(jié)構(gòu))七七l作介詞賓語(yǔ)作介詞賓語(yǔ)lThey insisted on going home immediately after the final exam. lI look forward to her coming soon. l I am proud of having such a son.lHow about going there? lWhat about having a concert?動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞 (V+ing結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu))八八l作賓補(bǔ)作賓補(bǔ) 兩類(lèi)詞可接動(dòng)名詞作賓補(bǔ)：1. 感官及心理狀態(tài)的詞：hear, feel, see, listen to, look at

8、, smell, watch, find, notice, observelI heard him walking to this way. lHe felt someone touching his shoulder.動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞 (V+ing結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu))九九2. 表示“致使”等意義的詞：keep, have, leave, get, catch, setlIm sorry to have kept you waiting for me so long.lWhat you have told left me thinking that you experienced muc

9、h when you were young.動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞 (V+ing結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu))十十l注意：注意：see, hear, feel, watch, notice等接Ving時(shí)，表示動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生，即處于發(fā)生的過(guò)程中，還未結(jié)束。l接to V時(shí)，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生了，即動(dòng)作全過(guò)程結(jié)束。lI saw him coming out of the house. l I saw him come out of the house and drive away by his motor.lI hear somebody shouting outside. l I heard him knock a

10、t the door.動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞 (V+ing結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu))十一十一作定語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ) :一般地，前置定語(yǔ)為動(dòng)名詞, 后置定語(yǔ)為現(xiàn)在分詞lThese passages may be used as listening material. (動(dòng)名詞)lHe executed many cycles of painting expressing significant social themes. (現(xiàn)在分詞)動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞 (V+ing結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu))十二十二動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài):l一般時(shí)態(tài): doing l被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài): being done l完成時(shí)態(tài):

11、having done l完成時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài): having been done 動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞 (V+ing結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu))十三十三l動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ):動(dòng)名詞具有動(dòng)詞的性質(zhì)外, 還具有名詞的性質(zhì),即可附加物主代詞和名詞的格來(lái)表示其邏輯主語(yǔ)。物主代詞 +動(dòng)名詞:lAre you surprised at my visiting? l Do you mind his smoking?做賓語(yǔ)時(shí), 在口語(yǔ)中常用: Do you mind him smoking?名詞所有格+動(dòng)名詞: lToms going there brings prospects to the loca

12、l people.在正式文體中, 多用:lTom going there brings prospects to the local people.lPhilip coming home is a great pleasure to his parents.動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞 (V+ing結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu))十四十四l現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)- A) 表示時(shí)間(when, while) 1. 現(xiàn)在分詞的一般時(shí)態(tài)Ving , 現(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)作與主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生。lComing to the room, I found him sobbing. = When I came to the room, I

13、 found him sobbing.lWhen arriving home, he found the door opened. lHe listened to the music radio while reading.動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞 (V+ing結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu))十五十五2. 現(xiàn)在分詞的完成時(shí)態(tài)having Ved, 現(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前。lHaving been there 3 times, he doesnt want to travel to Beijing on this holiday.lHaving experienced too much, she

14、 is sophisticated.lHaving finished their homework, the students rushed out of the classroom.動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞 (V+ing結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu))十六十六B)表示原因 (as, because) lHaving got a headache, I didnt come to the concert.C) 表示條件(if) l Working diligently, you will pass the entrance exam.D) 表示讓步(although, even if)lAlthough r

15、epeating his words many times, the teacher could not make his students understand the concept.E) 表示結(jié)果(so, thereby, thus) l He worked day and night, making himself near-sighted.lHe wished to travel all over the world, thereby studying customs of other countries.動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞 (V+ing結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu))十七十七現(xiàn)在分詞獨(dú)立主

16、格結(jié)構(gòu)：當(dāng)現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)不一致時(shí)lWeather permitting, well go to the Summer Palace tomorrow.lThe speaker sitting in the back, we cannot hear a word. (Sitting in the back, we cannot hear a word.)動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞 (V+ing結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu))十八十八Ving的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) being VedlBeing heated, the irons turns redder and redder. lAfter having b

17、een treated the water can be used for raising fish.動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞 (V+ing結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu))十九十九V+ing固定用法1. There is no +Ving. 不可能lThere is no getting along with him. lThere is no joking about this matter.2. It is no use/good/point +Ving 沒(méi)有用 l Its no use sitting up too late. l Its no good quarreling with her.3.

18、be worth doing4. be busy doing動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞 (V+ing結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu))二十二十5. feel like doing 想. would like to V6. What (How) about +Ving .如何？ lWhat (How) about having a short break now?7. spend +time + (in) +Ving lJane spent several days (in) preparing for the final exam.8. have difficulty(trouble, a problem, a

19、 good(hard) time , fun) +(in) +VinglThey have difficulty in communicating with each other.9. It is difficult/hard/nice/funny +Ving l It is extremely difficult getting everything ready in such a short time.過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞 Ved 1. 作表語(yǔ): The glass is broken.有些動(dòng)詞，它們的Ving和Ved都可當(dāng)形容詞，但意義與用法不同，Ved當(dāng)形容詞，表示“人感到(或?qū)?怎么樣”

20、，Ving 當(dāng)形容詞，表示“事物本身讓人感到怎么樣”lIm interested in the book. l The book is very interesting.過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞 Ved 2. 作定語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ) lThe liberated people have become maters of the country.lPeople believed that sea water contains every natural element known.注意：注意：1) 作定語(yǔ)時(shí)不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)表示正在進(jìn)行或經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作或現(xiàn)狀 lGive the appl

21、ication to the man sitting at the desk.lThe room facing south is our bedroom.2) 過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生 The rider injured in the traffic accident was taken in the hospital.3) 不定式作定語(yǔ)表示一個(gè)將來(lái)的動(dòng)作 lYou are invited to a party to be given at our university at 6:30 p.m. July 3.過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞 Ved 3. 作狀語(yǔ) l Built in 177

22、8, the building is one of the oldest ones in that area.lCaused much sorrow to her, she became quite dispirited recently. lEncouraged by the success of writing the book, he decided to continue composing another one.lAll things considered, his graduation thesis is of great value than mine. (獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu))lHe

23、r eyes filled with tears, she did not notice his coming. (獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu))練習(xí)練習(xí)lWe shall appreciate from you soon. A. being heard B. hearing C. to hear D. having been heardlJohn suggested anything about it until they found out more facts.A. Not to say B. saying not C. to say not D. not sayinglI dont remember

24、.A. Ever to be saying B. to have ever said C. having ever said that D. ever said thatlNo one avoid by advertisements.A. influenced B. influencing C. to influence D. being influencedlSusan was very unhappy for not to the party. A. To be invited B. having been invited C. inviting D. to have been invit

25、edlHe forgot about him to attend my wifes birthday party.A. I asking B. my asking C. me to ask D. mine to asklWould you mind the computer game in your room? A. him playing B. his playing C. him to play D. him playlDont risk the job which so many people want. A. losing B. to lose C. lost D. your life

26、 to loselI dont think it is any use this matter any further. A. discussing B. to discuss C. to discussing D. to be discussedlIn winter, animals have a hard time anything to eat. A. to find B. to finding C. to find out D. findinglYou dont object you by your first name, do you? A.for me to call B. me

27、to call C. to my calling D. my callinglWe look forward to to the opening ceremony. A. invite B. be invited C. having been invited D. being invitedlShe was sitting in an armchair a book. A. reading B. to read C. to be reading D. to have readl anything about the accident, he went to work as well. A. N

28、ot know B. Know not C. Knowing not D. Not knowinglThey all returned to the village that the danger was over. A. convincing B. convinced C. to convice D. having convincedlWe kept our all night to frighten the wolves. A. burning fire B. burnt fire C. fire burning D. fire burntl under a microscope, a f

29、resh snowflake has a delicate six-pointed shape. A. Seeing B. Seen C. To see D. To be seenlJohn, the bet, had to pay for the dinner. A. lost B. having lost C. losing D. having lossl , we decided to leave at once, as we didnt want to risk missing the bus. A. As it being pretty late B. It being pretty

30、 late C. It was being pretty late D. Being pretty latelPierre often makes himself by gesturing with his hands. A. to understand B. understanding C. to be understood D. understoodlShe told me that it was the most gift her daughter had received. A. delighting B. delighted C. delights D. delightlMy par

31、ents are with my progress. A. please B. pleased C. pleasing D. being pleasedlThe interviewer should take down notes at the moment the person answers the questions. A. to be interviewed B. interviewing C. being interviewed D. interviewed lStanding on the bank, the children watched the ship with all kinds of goods.A. loading B.being loaded C. loaded D. having loadedlArriving at the bu