水質(zhì)富營養(yǎng)化PPT課件

1、1富營養(yǎng)化對飲用水源的影響富營養(yǎng)化對飲用水源的影響2針對水體富營養(yǎng)化工藝的方法針對水體富營養(yǎng)化工藝的方法3新型藻類處理工藝新型藻類處理工藝4什么是富營養(yǎng)化什么是富營養(yǎng)化近年來近年來, , 全國各地的湖泊、水庫和河流都不同程度地發(fā)全國各地的湖泊、水庫和河流都不同程度地發(fā)生藻類繁生問題生藻類繁生問題, , 尤以太湖、巢湖和云南的滇池發(fā)生藻尤以太湖、巢湖和云南的滇池發(fā)生藻類繁生問題更為嚴(yán)重。有害的藻類對水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖業(yè)類繁生問題更為嚴(yán)重。有害的藻類對水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖業(yè), , 供水供水行業(yè)也是為害深遠(yuǎn)的行業(yè)也是為害深遠(yuǎn)的, , 產(chǎn)毒藍(lán)藻直接威脅人類的健康。產(chǎn)毒藍(lán)藻直接威脅人類的健康。1對產(chǎn)生水質(zhì)的不利影響對產(chǎn)生水質(zhì)

2、的不利影響2對管網(wǎng)的不利影響對管網(wǎng)的不利影響3對水廠管理的不利影響對水廠管理的不利影響1 運(yùn)行管理運(yùn)行管理增加混凝劑的投加量容易造成濾池堵塞2 水水質(zhì)質(zhì)3 管網(wǎng)管網(wǎng)產(chǎn)生臭味（土霉味、魚腥味）動植物死亡后產(chǎn)生的腐殖質(zhì)增加色度加劇了消毒副產(chǎn)物的產(chǎn)生（投加更多的氯）產(chǎn)生毒素影響人類健康常規(guī)工藝對藻類的去除不徹底，穿透濾池的藻類進(jìn)入市政供水管網(wǎng)后，其分解產(chǎn)物可作為管網(wǎng)微生物生長、繁殖的基質(zhì)，引起配水管網(wǎng)中的細(xì)菌再生長而造成二次污染。1預(yù)處理工藝預(yù)處理工藝2強(qiáng)化處理工藝強(qiáng)化處理工藝3傳統(tǒng)工藝傳統(tǒng)工藝組合處理工藝組合處理工藝4物理預(yù)處理物理預(yù)處理利用機(jī)械篩分、強(qiáng)制截留的物理手段將雜質(zhì)從水中去除，常用的設(shè)備

3、是微濾機(jī)?；瘜W(xué)預(yù)化學(xué)預(yù)處理處理生物預(yù)處理生物預(yù)處理通過投加化學(xué)氧化劑（氯氣、二氧化氯、臭氧、高錳酸鉀、高錳酸鉀復(fù)合藥劑（ppc）等）和某些鹽類（銅鹽和 ca(oh)2等）去除藻類采用生物技術(shù)除藻類的研究應(yīng)用較多。一般生物預(yù)處理對藍(lán)藻、硅藻、裸藻的去除率較高，但對綠藻的去除率較低。強(qiáng)化混凝技術(shù)強(qiáng)化混凝技術(shù)采取各種措施對混凝、沉淀、過濾等水處理單元工藝進(jìn)行強(qiáng)化，可提高水中藻類的去除率。強(qiáng)化混凝技術(shù)主要通過提高混凝劑投加量并優(yōu)化混凝條件來提高常規(guī)工藝的處理效果。天津楊柳青水廠將混凝劑投加量由平時(shí)的 46 mg/l 提高到 13 mg/l 左右，提高了高藻期的除藻效率。強(qiáng)化氣浮技強(qiáng)化氣浮技術(shù)術(shù)因?yàn)樵孱?/p>

4、密度較小，采用氣浮可以取得較好的除藻效果。對常規(guī)工藝進(jìn)行改造以氣浮工藝代替沉淀工藝，可提高藻類和藻毒素的去除效果。通過改變過濾的方式、濾料的組成、濾料的表面性質(zhì)可提高濾池的除藻效率。煙臺某水廠為單層石英砂濾池，增加一層無煙煤，增大了表層濾料間的孔隙。采用煤砂雙層濾池后，提高了高濃度含藻水的處理效果。 臭氧臭氧氣浮組合工藝氣浮組合工藝適合低濁、低色、低有機(jī)質(zhì)的水源，法國奧頓水廠和 joinville 水廠利用該法進(jìn)行了半生產(chǎn)性試驗(yàn)，獲得了較好的處理效果。臭氧活性炭工藝是目前應(yīng)用非常廣泛的深度處理工藝，具有非常高的除藻和藻毒素去除效率。謝曙光等采用臭氧活性炭組合工藝處理黃河微污染水源，對藻類的總?cè)?/p>

5、除率達(dá)到了 76.9%。濰坊眉村水廠采用氣浮-粉末活性炭強(qiáng)化處理，結(jié)果細(xì)胞外微囊藻毒素的平均去除率達(dá)到了69.2%，總藻毒素的平均去除率達(dá)到 96.3%，此工藝比投加 kmno4或預(yù) cl2的效果好。 。生物生物臭氧、活性炭、氣浮組合工藝臭氧、活性炭、氣浮組合工藝臭氧、活性炭、氣浮等可以與生物法聯(lián)用，除藻效果比較理想。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，臭氧生物陶粒對藻類總數(shù)的去除率比單獨(dú)的生物陶粒提高了25%左右。采用生物接觸氧化池氣浮工藝處理北京城子水廠源水，藻類去除率能夠達(dá)到 80%以上。周真明等將揚(yáng)水曝氣與生物接觸氧化池結(jié)合進(jìn)行灤河源水除藻，對葉綠素a 的去除率達(dá) 41.7%，對藻類的總平均去除率為 34.3%

6、。 1電絮凝浮選技術(shù)電絮凝浮選技術(shù)2磁性混凝分離去除淡水中藻華磁性混凝分離去除淡水中藻華3kmno4-fe(ii) 過程預(yù)氧化過程預(yù)氧化cease the further release of intracellular organic matter (iom) and the degradation of dissolved organic matter (dom).fe(ii) contributed to lower levels of the in-situ formed mno2 the in-situ formed fe(iii), in-situ mno2, and dissol

7、ved oxygen, dominated the remarkably highefficiency of kmno4-fe(ii) process with respect to the removal of m.aeruginosa.oxidizing electrodemetal ions release at sacrificial anode through electrolytic oxidation,which are considered as efficient coagulants; flotation flocculoreacthe coagulants react w

8、ith pollutants and bigger flocs are formedthe flocculated particles are removed through sedimentation or lifted to the surface by the microbubbles adhered to themthe coagulants produced by electrolytic oxidation are of high efficiencyno sulfates and chlorides would be introduced in the ecf systemles

9、s dosage would be required as compared with conventional coagulantsph adjustment is unnecessary since ecf performs well in a large ph rangethe microbubbles produced at the anode and cathode could also contribute to the separation of pollutants through flotationalkalinity is not consumed during ecf p

10、rocess as the oh ions are generated at cathodeabstract the magneticcoagulation separation method can rapidly and effectively remove algae from water bodies and greatly mitigate eutrophication of freshwater using a new magnetic coagulant. the method has good performance, is low cost, can turn waste i

11、nto something valuable, and provides reference and directions for future pilot and production scale-ups. magnetite acid-modifiedfly ashmore than 99% of algal cells were removed within 5 min after the addition of magnetic coagulant at optimal loadings (200 mg /l ).the removal efficiencies of cod, tot

12、al nitrogen, and phosphorus were 93, 91,and 94% , respectivelyadsorption netting bridginghigh magnetic responsivenesslma m, liu r, liu h, et al. effect of moderate pre-oxidation on the removal of microcystis aeruginosa by kmno4efe(ii) process: significance of the in-situ formed fe(iii) j. water rese

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14、n the toxic cyanobacterium, microcystis aeruginosa j. water research, 2012, 46(11): 3471-3478. lwu z, shen h, ondruschka b, et al. removal of blue-green algae using the hybrid method of hydrodynamic cavitation and ozonationj. journal of hazardous materials, 2012.l oneil j m, davis t w, burford m a,

15、et al. the rise of harmful cyanobacteria blooms: the potential roles of eutrophication and climate changej. harmful algae, 2012, 14: 313-334.lliu d, wang p, wei g, et al. removal of algal blooms from freshwater by the coagulationmagnetic separation methodj. environmental science and pollution research, 20