人教版新目標初中八年級英語下冊每課精講精練　全冊

1、unit 1will people have robots?i. 詞匯·more，less，fewer ·i dont agree. = i disagree. ·i agree (with you).·in five years on computer ·on paper·besides ·on vacation ·many different kinds ·of goldfish ·no more ·be free ·live in ·as a reporter

2、 ·free time·fall in love with ·like doing sth ·keep a parrot·look smart ·be able to do. ·are you kidding?ii. grammar:·一般將來時·there will be ·few，a few，little，a little，much，many語法小結(jié)：一、一般將來時1用be doing表示將來：主要意義是表示按計劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動作，常用于位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動詞。 如：go，come，leave，

3、arrive等，也可用于其他動作動詞。 we are having fish for dinner. we are moving to a different hotel the day after tomorrow. 這種用法通常帶有表示將來的時間狀語，如果不帶時間狀語，則根據(jù)上下文可表示最近即將發(fā)生的動作。 a: where are you going? b: i am going for a walk. are you coming with me? a: yes，i am just coming. wait for me.2用be going to do表示將來：主要意義，一是表示“意

4、圖”，即打算在最近的將來或?qū)磉M行某事。are you going to post that letter? how long is he going to stay here? i am going to book a ticket. 另一意義是表示“預見”，即現(xiàn)在已有跡象表明將要發(fā)生或即將發(fā)生某種情況。 its going to rain. george is putting on weight; he is going to be quite fat.3. 用will/ shall do表示將來： 主要意義，一是表示預見。 you will feel better after takin

5、g this medicine. do you think it will rain? 二是表示意圖. i will not lend the book to you. take it easy，i will not do it any longer. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)： she will come to have class tomorrow. will she come to have class tomorrow? she wont come to have class tomorrow. what will she do tomorrow?二、there be結(jié)構(gòu)1. therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中的b

6、e是可以運用各種時態(tài)的。 there is going to be a meeting tonight. 今晚有個會議。 there was a knock at the door.有人敲門。 there has been a girl waiting for you.有個女孩一直在等你。 there will be rain soon.不久天就要下雨了。 2. 動詞be單復數(shù)形式要跟there be之后的真正的主語一致。并且要根據(jù)就近一致原則來變換be的單復數(shù)形式。如there is a book on the desk. 課桌上有一本書。 how many people are there

7、 in the city? 這個城市里有多少人口？ there is a pen and two books on the desk.課桌上有一個鋼筆和兩本書。 there are two books and a pen on the desk.課桌上有兩本書和一個鋼筆。 there are some students and a teacher in the classroom.教室里有一些學生和一位老師。 there is a teacher and some students in the classroom.教室里有一位老師和一些學生。 3. 在therebe引起的句子結(jié)構(gòu)中，用來修飾

8、主語的不定式主動形式和被動形式均可。 there is no time to lose (=to be lost). 時間緊迫。 there is nothing to see (=to be seen). 看不見有什么。 there is nothing to do. (=to be done)無事可做。 4、there is no doing. (口語)不可能. there is no telling when he will be back. 無法知道他什么時候回來。 there is no knowing what he is doing. 無法知道他在做什么。 三、課文難句解析1.

9、will people use money in 100years? 一百年后人們還會使用錢幣嗎？1) money 金錢；貨幣 eg what's the money? 價錢是多少? paper money 紙幣；鈔票2) in 100 years 在100年之后“in+一段時間”常用在將來時態(tài)中 eg i'll come in an hour. 我一小時后來。 i'll see you again in three days. 三天后我再見你。2. there will be less leisure time空閑時間會更少。1) less 形容詞：較少的(是litt

10、le的比較級)，修飾不可數(shù)名詞，其最高級是least；反義詞是more。 eg jane's less beautiful than mary. 簡不如瑪麗漂亮。 five is less than six 5比6少。2) leisure time 空閑時間 egwhat do you do in your leisure time? 你空閑時間做些什么？3. i think there will be more pollution 我認為將會有更多的污染產(chǎn)生。1) think后跟的是賓語從句，且賓語從句是there be句型的一般將來時，結(jié)構(gòu)為“there will be+物+其他成

11、分”。 eg i think it will rain tomorrow. 我認為明天會下雨。 i think there will be fewer trees. 我認為將來樹木會更少。 2) pollution表示“污染”，用作不可數(shù)名詞。 例如：they did a lot to stop water pollution他們采取大量措施制止水污染。4. i don't agree 我不同意。 agree在本句中作動詞，i don't agree是一句交際用語，表示“不贊成某人或某人的觀點”，如果表贊成，則為i agree。1) 表示“同意某人意見”時用agree with

12、 sb，該短語不能用于被動語態(tài)。 eg did you agree with him? 你同意他的意見嗎? i don't agree with what she said 我不同意她所說的。2) 表示“同意(某計劃、辦法、建議、條件)”時，用agree to(to在此用作介詞，其后接名詞、代詞或者相當于名詞的成分)，該短語可以用于被動語態(tài)。 egi agree to your idea 我同意你的想法。 my plan was agreed to by all of them 他們所有的人都同意我的計劃。3) 表示“就取得一致意見”用agree on(或upon)，指“兩者或兩者以上

13、的商定，達成協(xié)議”。 egthey both agreed on the date for the meeting他們雙方都同意開會的日期。4) agree后還可以接不定式，不接動名詞，表示“同意做某事”。 egthey agreed to leave tomorrow afternoon他們同意明天下午動身。5. what do you think sally will be in five years? 你認為薩莉5年之后將會是什么樣子? 此句中的do you think是插入語，其后接的賓語從句必須用陳述句語序。 eg which book do you think she will l

14、ike? 你認為她會喜歡哪本書? who do you think did it? 你認為是誰干的那件事?6. i went to shanghai last year and fell in love with it. 我去年去了上海，并且喜歡上了這座城市。1) go表示“去”，過去式是went，“go to+地名”表示“到某地去”。 egwhen will you go to school? 你什么時候去上學？ he will go to the factory tomorrow他明天要去那所工廠。 如果go后面接副詞，不用to。 eghe went home at before six

15、yesterday evening他昨天晚上6點前回家的。2) last year意為“去年”，用于一般過去時態(tài)中。 eghe went to london last year去年他去了倫敦。3) love愛，熱愛，其反義詞是hate；fall in love with是“喜愛；愛上；與相戀”的意思。 eghe went to harbin last year and fell in love with it.去年他去了哈爾濱，并且喜歡上了那里。7. i can't have any pets because my mother hates them. 我不能養(yǎng)寵物，因為我媽不喜歡他們

16、1) because在這句中用作連詞，引導原因狀語從句，表示“因為”。注意在英語中because不能和so同時使用。 egjohn didn't go to school because he was ill. 約翰沒有上學，因為他病了。2) hate表示“不喜歡，憎恨”，后可跟名詞或代詞作賓語，也可用詞組hate doing sth.，表示“討厭做某事”。 eghe hated flowers. 他討厭花朵。 i hate swimming in the lake. 我討厭在那個湖里游泳。8. i'll probably go skating and swimming eve

17、ry day. 我會每天都去滑冰和游泳。1) go doing sth. 結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“去做 go skating 去滑冰go swimming去游泳go shopping去買東西 go fishing 去釣魚 go boating 去劃船 egmy father goes fishing every week 我爸爸每周都去釣魚。 i like going skating我喜歡去滑冰。2) every day與everyday區(qū)別：every day表示“每天”，通常與一般現(xiàn)在時連用；而everyday表示“日常的，每天發(fā)生的，每日所用的”，是形容詞。例如： egi get up at six

18、 every day. 我每天6點起床。 he wears everyday clothes today今天他穿一身便服。9. during the week ill look smart，and probably will wear a suit 在工作日里，我會看上去很精神，也許會穿一身套裝。1) during表示“在期間”，during the week是介詞短語，意為“在工作日里”。 egthe sun gives us light during the day. 太陽在白天給我們陽光。 he fell asleep during the lesson. 他在上課時睡著了。2) loo

19、k表示“看上去”，用作連系動詞，其后接形容詞作表語。 egthat dog looks dangerous. 那只狗看起來很危險。 you look very beautiful today. 今天你看上去很漂亮。3) wear表示“穿”，表示狀態(tài)，用一般現(xiàn)在時表示經(jīng)常狀態(tài)，用現(xiàn)在進行時表示暫時狀態(tài)。 egwe wear our rain boots on a rainy day. 我們在下雨天穿雨鞋。 she is wearing a new coat 她穿著一件新衣服。 does he wear glasses? 她戴眼鏡嗎？ put on是“穿上”，“戴上”的意思，強調(diào)動作。 egshe

20、 put on a red coat and went out. 她穿上紅色大衣出去了。 注意：put on是一時的動作，不能跟表示一段時間的狀語連用。 他整天戴著草帽。 誤：he puts on a hat all day. 正：he wears a hat all day. 10. i'll go to hong kong on vacation 我會去香港度假。on vacation意為“在度假”，on表示“處于狀態(tài)中”。eg he will go to hangzhou on vacation他要到杭州度假。 my father will be away on business

21、 tomorrow我爸爸明天要出差。11. what do you think the weather will be like tomorrow? 你認為明天的天氣怎樣?1) what's the weather like? 是詢問天氣怎么樣，相當于how is the weather？what be like?可以用來征求對方對某事的看法或意見，意思是“怎么樣?” 類似的說法還有what do you think of? how do you like?等句型。 egwhat is the book like? what do you think of the book? how

22、do you like the book? 你覺得這本書怎么樣? what's the weather like today?how is the weather today? 今天天氣怎么樣?2) what isare1ike? 可用來提問天氣情況，也可用來對人(或物)的外觀、外貌提問，還可以用來對其特性提問。 egwhat's the weather like today? 今天天氣怎么樣? what's the young girl like? 那個年輕女孩長什么樣? what was the book like? 那本書怎么樣?12. there were ma

23、ny famous predictions that never came true(過去)有許多從沒成為現(xiàn)實。著名的預測1) 本句中that never came true是個定語從句，用于修飾先行詞predictions，that為引導詞，作定語從句的主語，不可省略。2) come true指“理想，夢想等實現(xiàn)”。come是連系動詞；true是形容詞，做連系動詞come的表語。 egmy dream will come true someday. 有一天我的夢想會實現(xiàn)。 her dream to go to university has come true 她上大學的愿望實現(xiàn)了。四、練習e

24、xercise:i. multiple choice1. are you _ your winter holiday next week?a. going to have b. will have c. had d. have2. do you often _ from your parents?a. heard b. hears c. to hear d. hear3. _ lucy _ her homework in her room now?a. is，doing b. does，do c. do，do d. did，do4. she dances better than mary _.

25、a. is b. has c. does d. dance5. mary usually _ up at five oclock.a. will get b. got c. get d. gets6. they _ four english classes a week last term.a. has b. have c. had d. are having7. a bird can _ but i cant.a. flies b. flying c. flew d. fly8. they _ to see me yesterday evening.a. will come b. comes

26、 c. are coming d. came9. were moving to a different town _.a. the day before yesterday b. last sunday c. the day after tomorrow d. a week ago10. look! the monkeys _ the tree.a. climb b. are climbingc. is climbing d. were climbing11. when _ you _ to australia? next monday.a. did，fly b. will，fly c. ar

27、e，fly d. do，fly12. which team _ the next football match?a. wins b. won c. will win d. winkeys: 15 adacd 610 cddcb 1112 bcii. 句型與結(jié)構(gòu)(i). read each sentence. add a second sentence withll using the words in parentheses.1. i feel sick today. (be better tomorrow) ill be better tomorrow.2. gina has six cla

28、sses today. (have a lot of homework tonight) _3. im tired now. (sleep later) _4. my parents need a new car. (buy one soon) _5. we cant leave right now. (leave a little later) _6. the weather is awful today. (be better tomorrow) _keys:2. shell have a lot of homework tonight. 3. ill sleep later.4. the

29、yll buy one soon 5. well leave a little later 6. maybe itll be better tomorrow.(ii). complete the conversation. use will or wonta: how are you going?b: well，im looking for a job in a hospital.a: what kind of hospital job _ you get?b: well，i know i _ be a secretary. i dont know how to type. maybe i _

30、 be a nurse. i like helping people.a: _ you have the same job in five years?b: no，i _.a: what _ you do?b: i _ change jobs. i _ get a job in a hospital.keys: will，wont，will，will，wont，will，will，wontii、看圖表，用more，less或 fewer 完成練習。 littleton，new yorknowin 100 years600 houses1000 housesa lot of pollutiona

31、lmost no pollutionseven schoolstwo schools2400 people3500 peoplea lot of snowa little snowsix movie theaterstwo movie theatersin 100 years1. there will be _ houses. 2. there will be _ pollution.3. there will be _ schools. 4. there will be _ people.5. there will be _ snow. 6. there will be _ movie th

32、eaters.keys: 1. more 2.less 3. fewer 4. more 5. less 6. feweriii、閱讀練習catvcatv is a short way saying “community antenna (公用天線) television”. but “cabletelevision” is the name most people use. cable television allows viewers(觀眾) to receive tvprograms that they can not pick up with their ordinary antenn

33、a.television signals(信號) do not follow the curve(曲線) of the earth. they travel in straight lines in all directions. signals from a tv station move towards the horizon(水平線) and then go into space. if you live only a few miles from a tv station，you may get a good picture on your set. but if you live m

34、ore than 50 miles from a station，you may not get any pictures at all.catv began in 1948. people in places far from tv stations had to pay for putting up high antennas. a community antenna was usually placed on a hill，a mountain or on a high tower. the antenna picked up tv signals and fed them into a

35、 small local(當?shù)氐? station. from the station，thick wires called cable ran out to nearby homes. each person using the cable paid a monthly charge(費用).catv worked well，and soon new uses were found for it. local stations could feed programs into empty channels that were not in use. people along the cabl

36、e could have local news，weather report，and farm and school news at no extra charge.today，cable television has moved into cities. it brings in extra programs that city viewers with ordinary antenna can not see. it is also used in many classrooms throughout the country.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇正確答案。1. from the first

37、paragraph we know that _.a. most people use cable television b. “community antenna” is used for cable televisionc. a community antenna is used for cable televisiond. an ordinary antenna can not pick up tv programs2. of the following，which is not the way tv signals travel?a. in a curve. b. in a strai

38、ght line. c. in all directions. d. towards the horizon.3. cable tv is becoming more and more popular because _.a. it is free of charge b. it provides all tv users good picturesc. it only needs a bit of cabled. it can provide more programs4. on the whole，this passage is about _.a. how to put up high

39、antennas b. a way of picking up better tv programsc. how to use the empty channels on your tv set d. the way that tv signals are sent5. from the passage we can infer(推測) that _.a. tv has begun to be used for educational purpose(目的)b. viewers can receive more tv programs with their ordinary antennasc

40、. cable tv can not be used in small townsd. antennas for cable tv are usually put up in the center of a communitykeys: cadba unit 2   what should i do? 【單元目標】1單詞與短語stereo, loud, argue, original, serious, style, wrong, argument, either, teen, talk, family, tutor, haircut, caller, except, up

41、set1.want sb. to do sth.2.play ones stereo3stay at home 4.argue with sb / have an argument with sb. 5.be out of style 6.write sb a letter/write to 7.talk about 8.on the phone9.surprise sb.10.pay for11.get a part-time job12.borrow sth. from sb. 13.ask sb. for14.have a bake sale 15.find out 16.be upse

42、t 17.call up 18.the same as 19.get on well with sb. 20.return sth. 21.have a fight with sb. 22.fromto 23.drop off 24.prepare for 25.after-school clubs 26.be used to 27.fill up 28.take the middle road 2目標句型： 1. what should i do? 2. why dont you? 3. you could 4. you should 5. you shouldnt3語法情態(tài)動詞的用法 【重

43、難點分析】情態(tài)動詞(modal verbs )* 情態(tài)動詞也可稱為“情態(tài)助動詞 (modal auxiliaries)”，因為它和基本助動詞(be,do, have)都屬于助動詞類。* 情態(tài)動詞和其他動詞連用，可表示說話人的語氣。* 情態(tài)動詞可表達建議、要求、可能和意愿等。* 情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。* 常用的情態(tài)動詞有：can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would這九大情態(tài)動詞；其他的還有ought to, need, dare 等。一、九大情態(tài)動詞的時態(tài)關(guān)系：1. 現(xiàn)在式 can - 過去式 could2. 現(xiàn)在式 m

44、ay - 過去式 might3. 現(xiàn)在式 shall - 過去式 should4. 現(xiàn)在式 will - 過去式 would5. 現(xiàn)在式 must - 過去式 must （常用had to來代替）二、情態(tài)動詞表示“可能”或“預測”(can, could, will, would, shall, should, must, ought to)（1）can 和 could 用于表示“可能”或“預測”：1. he can't be at home. (否定句) 他不可能在家。2. can the news be true? (將情態(tài)動詞 can 置于主語 the news 前就成疑問句) 這

45、消息可能是真的嗎?3. anybody can make mistake. (只表示理論上的可能性) 任何人都可能犯錯誤。（2）may 和 might 用于表示“事實上的可能性”或“預測”：1. it may rain tomorrow. (表示可能會發(fā)生) 明天可能會下雨。2. it may snow later this afternoon. (表示預測) 今天下午可能會下雪。3. you might be right. (表示有可能) 你可能是對的。（3）will 和 would 用于表示“預測”或“習慣性”：1. i think he will be all right now. (w

46、ill be 表示一定會)我想他現(xiàn)在一定好了。2. that would be his mother.(would be 表示肯定是) 那肯定是他母親。3. he will sit there hour after hour looking at the river.(will 表示經(jīng)常的) 他經(jīng)常一連幾個小時坐在那兒看著河水。（4）shall 和 should 用于表示“必定”：1. i shall be rich one day. (shall be ) 總有一天我會發(fā)達的。2. that should be sam and his mother. (should be) 那準是sam 和

47、他的母親。（5）must 用于表示“必定”，“必會”：1. this must be good for you.(must be 肯定) 這肯定對你是有益的。2. all mankind must die.(表示必然會發(fā)生的事) 所有的人一定會死的。3. mustn't there be a mistake? (mustn't 多用于疑問句) 那肯定會有錯誤嗎？三、情態(tài)動詞表示“許可”、“請求”(can, could, will, would, shall, should, may, might, must)（1）can 和 could 用于表示“許可”、“請求”：1. can

48、 i go with you? (請求) 我能跟你一起走嗎？2. father said i could go to cinema. (表示過去的許可) 爸爸說我可以去看電影。3. could i ask you something ? (請求,用 could 比 can 更婉轉(zhuǎn)) 我可以問你一件事嗎？（2）will 和 would 用于表示“請求”1. will you kindly tell me the way to the post office?(表示客氣請求) 請問到郵局怎么走？2. would you give me your address? (用 would 比 will 表

49、示更客氣) 請你告訴我你的地址，好嗎？（3）shall 和 should 用于第一人稱，表示征求對方的意見1. shall we talk? 我們談談好嗎？2. what should we do next? (用should 比 shall 表示更客氣) 下一步我們該怎么做？3. shall he come to see you? (用于第三人稱疑問句) 要不要他來看你？（4）may 和 might 用于表示“許可”(口語中多用 can )1. you may take a walk. (表示給予許可) 你可以散散步。2. you might read the story for me. (

50、比may更婉轉(zhuǎn)) 是否請給我讀一讀這故事。3.may i make a suggestion? 我可以提個建議嗎？4. might i take a look of your work? 我看看您的大作行嗎？5. students may not make noise in the library. (may not 表示不許可或禁止) 學生不得在圖書館里吵鬧。6. if i may say so, you are not right. (用于條件句，表示請求) 你是不對的，如果我可以這么說的話。（5）must 用于表示“禁止”，“不準”：1. cars must not be parked

51、here. (must not表示不許可) 此地不準停車。2. all of you mustn't fishing in the pool. (must not 語氣方面比 may not 更強) 你們不準在池里釣魚。四、重要短語和表達法(key words)1argue v爭論；爭吵 argue with sb與某人吵架  i argued with my best friend我和我的好朋友吵架了。  dont argue with  him.  別和他爭吵了。  2 either   adv.（用于否定句）也

52、  he doesnt have any money, and i dont, either他沒有錢，我也沒有。  i cant play chess. she cant, either.我不會下國際象棋，她也不會。  too 也（用于肯定或疑問句）  im a teacherhe is a teacher, too我是老師，他也是老師。  we are going hiking. are they going hiking,too?我們要去徒步旅行,他們也要去嗎？  3ask （sb）for sth向某人尋求某物；要   don't ask for food every daygo and find some work 別天天要飯，找點兒工作做。 i dont thin