虛擬語氣順口溜

1、高三英語語法高三英語語法（十二）（十二）虛擬語氣虛擬語氣一一. .虛擬語氣的類型虛擬語氣的類型1 1、實(shí)際意義上的虛擬語氣。、實(shí)際意義上的虛擬語氣。they talked as if they they talked as if they had beenhad been friends for years. friends for years.2 2、虛擬語氣形式。、虛擬語氣形式。the order was that we the order was that we (should) stay(should) stay where we where we were.were.二二. .實(shí)際意

2、義上的虛擬語氣實(shí)際意義上的虛擬語氣1 1、小小順口溜、小小順口溜虛擬語氣并不難虛擬語氣并不難, , 從句時態(tài)都提前從句時態(tài)都提前, ,主句主句wouldwould加在前，注意動詞要還原。加在前，注意動詞要還原。（省略（省略if if要倒裝）要倒裝）e.g. e.g. 1 1）if i if i werewere in your shoes, i in your shoes, i wouldwould accept the terms.accept the terms.2 2） if we if we had lefthad left earlier, we earlier, we wouldn

3、wouldnt have missedt have missed the train.the train.3 3） i wish i i wish i werewere as clever as you as clever as you2 2、虛擬語氣在、虛擬語氣在條件句條件句中的應(yīng)用中的應(yīng)用所述所述情況情況 if if 從句從句 主句主句 與過與過去相去相反反if + if + 主語主語 + had done+ had done主語主語 + would/ could/ + would/ could/ might/should + have might/should + have done d

4、one 與現(xiàn)與現(xiàn)在相在相反反 if + if + 主語主語 + did+ did（bebe動詞用動詞用werewere）主語主語 +would/ could/ +would/ could/ might/should + do might/should + do 與將與將來相來相反反 if + if + 主語主語 + did+ didif + if + 主語主語 + were to + do+ were to + doif + if + 主語主語 + should + do+ should + do主語主語+ would/ could/ + would/ could/ might/should

5、domight/should do此表中需要注意幾點(diǎn)：此表中需要注意幾點(diǎn)：1 1bebe動詞在表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的從句中一般用動詞在表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的從句中一般用werewere。在非正式情況下，第一、第三人稱后偶爾。在非正式情況下，第一、第三人稱后偶爾也用也用waswas。如：。如：if he were/was you, he would go at once.if he were/was you, he would go at once. 2 2主句主句中的中的shouldshould通常用于第通常用于第一一人稱，人稱，would, would, couldcould以及以及mightm

6、ight可以用于各種人稱?？梢杂糜诟鞣N人稱。3 3在表示與在表示與將來將來事實(shí)相反的事實(shí)相反的條件句條件句中，只能用中，只能用shouldshould，而不能用，而不能用would, couldwould, could和和mightmight等。如：等。如：if it should rain tomorrow, we would not go if it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping. camping. （should rainshould rain也可以用也可以用rained, were to rained, were to ra

7、inrain代替）代替）4 4、主句和、主句和if if條件句時態(tài)不一致條件句時態(tài)不一致（單獨(dú)虛擬）（單獨(dú)虛擬）。如：。如：if he if he had receivedhad received six more votes, he six more votes, he would bewould be our our chairman now.chairman now.if you if you were were in better health, we in better health, we would havewould have allowed allowed you to jo

8、in them in the work.you to join them in the work.含蓄條件句含蓄條件句有時為了表達(dá)的需要，在虛擬語氣中并不總是出現(xiàn)有時為了表達(dá)的需要，在虛擬語氣中并不總是出現(xiàn)if if引導(dǎo)的條件句，而通過其他手段來替代條件句。引導(dǎo)的條件句，而通過其他手段來替代條件句。1 1用介詞短語替代條件句。常用介詞有用介詞短語替代條件句。常用介詞有with, with, without, but forwithout, but for等。如：等。如：we couldnwe couldnt have succeeded t have succeeded without wit

9、hout your your help(=if we hadnhelp(=if we hadnt got your help). t got your help). what would you do what would you do withwith a million dollars? a million dollars?but forbut for the rain the rain（=if it hadn=if it hadnt been for the raint been for the rain）, , we would have finished the work. we w

10、ould have finished the work. 2. 2. 假設(shè)的情況又是可以通過假設(shè)的情況又是可以通過上下文上下文或其他方式表或其他方式表現(xiàn)出來。如：現(xiàn)出來。如：1 1）he would have given you more help, he would have given you more help, but but he he has been ill.has been ill.2 2）i was ill that day. i was ill that day. otherwiseotherwise i would have i would have taken part

11、 in the parade.( if i hadntaken part in the parade.( if i hadnt been ill,t been ill,) )but, otherwisebut, otherwise連接的兩個并列的分句存在連接的兩個并列的分句存在單獨(dú)單獨(dú)虛擬虛擬現(xiàn)象，即：現(xiàn)象，即：一個一個分句為分句為虛擬虛擬句，句，另一個另一個分句為分句為真實(shí)真實(shí)句。句。3 3）it would be a mistake not to help him.( it it would be a mistake not to help him.( it would be a mist

12、ake if we didnwould be a mistake if we didnt help him.)t help him.)anyone in her position would have done the same.anyone in her position would have done the same.有些句子相當(dāng)于一個條件從句，謂語也可用虛擬有些句子相當(dāng)于一個條件從句，謂語也可用虛擬語氣。語氣。4 4）supposesuppose we told her the truth. we told her the truth.5 5）imagineimagine your c

13、hild played truant. your child played truant.省略省略if if的情況的情況如果從句中含有系動詞、情態(tài)動詞或助動詞如果從句中含有系動詞、情態(tài)動詞或助動詞（were, had, shouldwere, had, should或或could could ）時，可時，可省略省略if if，把從，把從句中的句中的were, hadwere, had或或shouldshould或或couldcould提到其主語前形提到其主語前形成成倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如：。如：had we made(=if we had made) adequate had we made(=

14、if we had made) adequate preparations, we might have succeeded.preparations, we might have succeeded.were it not for their assistance, we would be in were it not for their assistance, we would be in serious difficulty.serious difficulty.should there be a flood, what should we do?should there be a fl

15、ood, what should we do?3 3、實(shí)際意義上虛擬語氣在其它從句中的應(yīng)用、實(shí)際意義上虛擬語氣在其它從句中的應(yīng)用（從句時態(tài)都提前從句時態(tài)都提前）wishwish后后thatthat引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中。如：引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中。如：i wish i i wish i werewere as clever as you. as clever as you. i wish he i wish he would trywould try again. again. （表示與將來事實(shí)相反）（表示與將來事實(shí)相反）as ifas if（thoughthough）引導(dǎo)的表語從句或方式狀語從句引導(dǎo)的表

16、語從句或方式狀語從句中。如：中。如：he looks as if/though he he looks as if/though he were were an artist.an artist. would ratherwould rather后的賓語從句中。后的賓語從句中。 （would ratherwould rather后后不能加不能加thatthat。）。） 從句謂語用從句謂語用一般過去時一般過去時來表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硪鰜肀硎九c現(xiàn)在或?qū)硪龅南喾吹氖虑椋玫南喾吹氖虑?，用過去完成時過去完成時來表示與過去發(fā)生來表示與過去發(fā)生的相反的事情。如：的相反的事情。如： i id rather

17、 you d rather you didndidnt got go there.( there.(與將來相反）與將來相反）i id rather we d rather we hadhad a rest now. a rest now. （與現(xiàn)在相反）（與現(xiàn)在相反）i id rather you d rather you had beenhad been here yesterday. here yesterday. （與過去（與過去相反）相反）if onlyif only引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中。如：引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中。如：if only i were a bird. if only i were a

18、bird. （我要是只鳥就好了。）（我要是只鳥就好了。）三三. .虛擬語氣形式虛擬語氣形式1) 1)復(fù)合句中含有復(fù)合句中含有suggest, advise, recommend, propose, (suggest, advise, recommend, propose, (建議、安建議、安排排）demand, require (request), ask, urge, desire, demand, require (request), ask, urge, desire, ( (要求、渴望要求、渴望）insist, orderinsist, order（堅(jiān)持、命令堅(jiān)持、命令）等等, ,以及

19、其派生詞以及其派生詞 （如：（如：suggestion, advicesuggestion, adviceideaidea) ) 復(fù)合句中所含有的復(fù)合句中所含有的名詞性從句名詞性從句中的謂語動詞要用中的謂語動詞要用should do, should should do, should 可以省略。如：可以省略。如：the doctor suggested/insisted that she (should) the doctor suggested/insisted that she (should) stay in bed for a few days. stay in bed for a f

20、ew days. we all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) we all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) give up the plan.give up the plan. 注意注意：當(dāng)：當(dāng)suggestsuggest作作“暗示、表明暗示、表明”講，講，insistinsist作作“堅(jiān)持說堅(jiān)持說”講，即堅(jiān)持事實(shí)是怎樣時，后邊講，即堅(jiān)持事實(shí)是怎樣時，后邊thatthat從從句不用虛擬語氣。如：句不用虛擬語氣。如：mike mike insistedinsisted that he tha

21、t he had never stolenhad never stolen anything. anything. the look on his facethe look on his face suggested suggested that he that he waswas angry. angry. 2) 2) 在在it is + it is + 形容詞形容詞(necessary, important, natural, (necessary, important, natural, strange, etc. ) + thatstrange, etc. ) + that從句中，從句

22、中的謂語動詞要從句中，從句中的謂語動詞要用用should do, should should do, should 可以省略。如：可以省略。如：it its necessary that we (should) clean the room s necessary that we (should) clean the room every day. every day. 3 3）在）在it is/was a pityit is/was a pity（a shame, no wonder, etc. a shame, no wonder, etc. ） + that+ that從句中，從句中的謂

23、語動詞要用從句中，從句中的謂語動詞要用should do, should do, should should 可以省略。如：可以省略。如：it was a pity that our team should lose the game. it was a pity that our team should lose the game. 當(dāng)然上面當(dāng)然上面2) 2) 、 3)3)兩類的兩類的thatthat從句中也可以從句中也可以不用不用虛擬語氣，虛擬語氣，而而用陳述語氣。用陳述語氣。如：如：it is strange that he did not come yesterday. it is s

24、trange that he did not come yesterday. it is a pity that you canit is a pity that you cant dance.t dance. 4) 4) it isit is（high/abouthigh/about）timetime（that that sb. didsb. did）句式句式中常用動詞的過去式。中常用動詞的過去式。此句型表示此句型表示“該該”，用來表示提議。如：，用來表示提議。如：it is high time we started out. it is high time we started out. 5) 5) 以以in order that,