高考英語專題課件-寫作基礎(chǔ)[語言手段12種]

1、 寫作的目的是考查考生整合信息和信息寫作的目的是考查考生整合信息和信息表達表達,并用適當短語、句型等語言手段產(chǎn)生并用適當短語、句型等語言手段產(chǎn)生出連貫語篇的能力?，F(xiàn)介紹十二種常用的語出連貫語篇的能力。現(xiàn)介紹十二種常用的語言表達手段言表達手段,這些語言手段在近年的廣東高這些語言手段在近年的廣東高考題中和各地模擬寫作題中出現(xiàn)的頻率非?？碱}中和各地模擬寫作題中出現(xiàn)的頻率非常高高, 掌握這些語言手段對提高寫作能力一定掌握這些語言手段對提高寫作能力一定幫助很大。幫助很大。同位語主要用于介紹人物、事物、地點、同位語主要用于介紹人物、事物、地點、產(chǎn)品、書名等。產(chǎn)品、書名等。典型例題典型例題 信息點信息點:書

2、名書名:Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother作者作者:Amy Chua, 美籍華人美籍華人, 耶魯大學教授耶魯大學教授中文版中文版:2011年初開始在中國銷售年初開始在中國銷售(2011年年廣東高考廣東高考)信息表達信息表達:A book, Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother, written by Amy Chua, an American-Chinese, has been sold in China since the beginning of 2011. (Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother 作作a bo

3、ok的同位語的同位語, an American-Chinese 作作Amy Chua的同位語的同位語)1. 用同位語完成句子。用同位語完成句子。(1)去年去年, 我被邀請參加一個為我被邀請參加一個為“待援助的孩待援助的孩子子”(Tuesday Child)舉辦的一個狂歡節(jié)舉辦的一個狂歡節(jié)(carnival), “待援助的孩子待援助的孩子”是一個幫助艾是一個幫助艾滋患兒的組織。滋患兒的組織。Last year, I was invited to participate in a carnival for Tuesdays Child, _.課堂練習課堂練習 an organization tha

4、t helps children with AIDS(2) 離離2012年還有一個月時間年還有一個月時間, 但但孤星指南孤星指南(the Lonely Planet)等不及宣布來年十大旅游城等不及宣布來年十大旅游城市排行榜市排行榜,孤星指南孤星指南是世界最暢銷旅游指南雜是世界最暢銷旅游指南雜志之一。志之一。There is still more than one month to go before 2012. But the Lonely Planet, _ _ , cant wait to announce its top 10 cities totravel to in the comi

5、ng year. one ofthe worlds best-selling travel guides2. 信息點信息點:姓名姓名:Steve Jobs別名別名:蘋果教父蘋果教父(godfather)出生地出生地:美國美國 加州加州 三藩市三藩市(San Francisco)出生日期出生日期:1955年年2月月24日日逝世日期逝世日期:2011年年10月月5日日 信息表達信息表達:2. Steve Jobs, the godfather of Apple, was born in San Francisco, California, the USA on February 24th, 195

6、5 and passed away on October 5th, 2011. 典型例題典型例題1信息點信息點:效應效應:(這本書這本書)引發(fā)中美教育方式孰優(yōu)孰劣的討論引發(fā)中美教育方式孰優(yōu)孰劣的討論(2011廣東廣東)信息表達信息表達:The book has received a heated discussion on the advantages and disadvantages of Chinese and American educational ways.要用到的詞語有很多要用到的詞語有很多, 簡單的有簡單的有about, on, as to等等, 復雜的有復雜的有concern

7、ing, regarding, with respect to等。等。典型例題典型例題2 信息組合信息組合:演講主題演講主題:人與自然人與自然參賽選手參賽選手:10名學生名學生(2010全國卷全國卷I)信息表達信息表達:Ten students will deliver their speeches on the given topic “Man and the Nature”.1. 翻譯翻譯: 上周末我校在上周末我校在2600名學生中進行了名學生中進行了有關(guān)有關(guān)“幸福感幸福感”的相關(guān)問題調(diào)查。的相關(guān)問題調(diào)查。1. Last weekend, a survey about “The feeli

8、ng of happiness” was carried out (conducted) among 2600 students in our school. 課堂練習課堂練習 2. 翻譯翻譯: 最近最近, 你班就你班就“高三學生是否需要高三學生是否需要吃補品吃補品(tonics)來保持健康來保持健康”展開了討論。展開了討論。2. Recently we have had a discussion in a class meeting about whether Senior 3 students should take a lot of tonics to keep fit. 假如你是你校學

9、生會主席李華假如你是你校學生會主席李華, 現(xiàn)準備寫現(xiàn)準備寫一個關(guān)于演講的通知。一個關(guān)于演講的通知。演講題目演講題目:如何好好生活如何好好生活演講時間演講時間:下周六下周六演講者演講者:王教授王教授信息表達信息表達: Next Saturday Professor Wang will come to our school to give us a lecture on how to live well.3. 信息點信息點:可用短語如可用短語如according to sb.(根據(jù)某人的根據(jù)某人的看法看法),in my opinion /in my view(在我看在我看來來,我認為我認為),fr

10、om ones point of view(在在某人看來某人看來),as far as Im concerned(對我對我而言而言), as for(至于至于,就就而言而言)等等, 句句型有型有sb believes/ thinks/ claims,sb told us that.,sb pointed out that.(某人指某人指出出)等。等。專家解讀專家解讀(王教授王教授):學生近視學生近視(1)發(fā)生率發(fā)生率:略高于略高于50(2)人數(shù)人數(shù):世界第一世界第一(2009廣東廣東)信息表達信息表達:According to Professor Wang, slightly more tha

11、n half of the school children in our country are short-sighted, ranking the first inthe world. 典型例題典型例題 信息點信息點:2021/3/23161. 翻譯翻譯:我的看法是我們應保護自然資源我的看法是我們應保護自然資源,減減少環(huán)境污染。少環(huán)境污染。1. In my opinion, we should try to protect natural resources and decrease environment pollution. 2. 翻譯翻譯:依我看依我看, 合作需要有效的交流合作需要有

12、效的交流, 沒有它人沒有它人們會盲目地做事情。們會盲目地做事情。2. From my point of view, cooperation calls for effective communication, without which people will do things blindly. 課堂練習課堂練習 2021/3/23173. 要點組合要點組合:你的觀點你的觀點:微博微博(microblog)提供大量信息提供大量信息, 應根據(jù)個人情況謹慎使用應根據(jù)個人情況謹慎使用信息表達信息表達:As far as I am concerned, microblog provides us w

13、ith large quantities of information, so we should be cautious while using it according to our personal situation.2021/3/23181. 百分比的表達。如百分比的表達。如:(1)70% of. (2)seventy percent of. (3)70 percent of the.(注意注意:考生最易漏考生最易漏用用of)2. 其它一些比例的表達手段。如其它一些比例的表達手段。如:(1)一半一半:half of the. =fifty percent of the.(2)四分之一

14、四分之一(25%):a quarter of =25 percent of the.2021/3/2319(3)四分之三四分之三(75%):three quarters of =75 percent of the.3. 分數(shù)表達法分數(shù)表達法:分子是基數(shù)詞分子是基數(shù)詞, 分母是序數(shù)分母是序數(shù)詞。如詞。如:1/4:one fourth 2/3:two thirds 7/8:seven eighths 五個當中有三個五個當中有三個:three out of five,three in five2021/3/2320典型例題典型例題 信息點信息點:相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù): (1)(目前中國目前中國)吸煙人數(shù)

15、吸煙人數(shù): 約約3,5億億(2) 分布分布:男性男性75, 女性女性:25(2010廣東廣東)信息表達信息表達:Currently China has about 350 million smokers, among whom 75 percent are men and 25 percent are women.2021/3/23211. The survey shows that _ _(50%的學的學生生)gain happiness from the love of their parents or relatives and from the warmth of families.

16、課堂練習課堂練習 50% of thestudents2021/3/23222. In the study, _ _(800個個的青少的青少年中年中, 大約有大約有40%)who have been exposed to secondhand smoke had detectable hearing problems.the 800 teensaround 40% of2021/3/2323小學、初中、高中學校每天提供體育鍛煉小學、初中、高中學校每天提供體育鍛煉的分布情況的分布情況:小學小學:50%初中初中:30%高中高中:20%不提供鍛煉的不提供鍛煉的學校學校:十分之一十分之一信息表達信息表

17、達: _ primary schools, _ junior middle schools and 20% of senior high schools provide physical education each school day while _schools did not require physical education at all. one-tenth of50% of30% of3. 信息點信息點:2021/3/2324表表“排位排位”要用到的詞語有要用到的詞語有:rank +(the+)序數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞, be +the+序數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞, be+ in the +序序數(shù)詞數(shù)詞

18、+place或或 get the +序數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞+place等等; 也可以用也可以用“is the +形容詞最高級形容詞最高級+范圍范圍”來表達。來表達。2021/3/2325典型例題典型例題 信息點信息點:基本信息基本信息:(1)發(fā)生率發(fā)生率:略高于略高于50(2)人數(shù)人數(shù):世界第一世界第一(2009廣東高考廣東高考)信息表達信息表達:According to Professor Wang, a little more than 50% of the school children in our country are short-sighted, ranking the first in

19、the world.2021/3/2326課堂練習課堂練習 1. 翻譯翻譯:江蘇衛(wèi)視的江蘇衛(wèi)視的非誠勿擾非誠勿擾(You are the One)這個相親節(jié)目的收視率排這個相親節(jié)目的收視率排第一。第一。The ratings of Jiangsu TVs You are the One _among all the programs. ranks (the) first 2021/3/23272. 翻譯翻譯:東京大學東京大學(Todai)在所有的日在所有的日本大學排行榜中名列第一本大學排行榜中名列第一, 因為她的畢因為她的畢業(yè)生在大公司擔任重要位置的數(shù)量很多。業(yè)生在大公司擔任重要位置的數(shù)量很多

20、。Todai _among Japanese universities for the number of graduates who hold important positions in big companies.ranks the first2021/3/2328李娜的主要成績李娜的主要成績:(1)目前世界排名第四目前世界排名第四;(2)2011年年1月澳大利亞網(wǎng)球公開賽月澳大利亞網(wǎng)球公開賽(The Australian Open)亞軍亞軍;(3)2011年年6月法國網(wǎng)球公開賽月法國網(wǎng)球公開賽(The French Open)冠軍。冠軍。信息表達信息表達:The year 2011 h

21、as seen her achieve great success: she _ in the Australian Open in January and won the championship in the French Open in June, and _ in women tennis players in the world. 3. 信息點信息點:is now ranked No. 4got the second place2021/3/2329短語短語:advise sb to do.(勸某人做某事勸某人做某事)從句從句:(1) Sb suggests that. (2) Sb

22、 gives sb a suggestion that. (3) It is suggested that. (4) It is highly advisable that. (5) give sb some advice on.2021/3/2330典型例題典型例題 信息點信息點:專家解讀專家解讀:建議建議:(中小學生中小學生)不要過度用不要過度用眼眼;多參加戶外活動多參加戶外活動(2009廣東高考廣東高考)信息表達信息表達:He suggested that school children avoid overuse of their eyes and do more outdoor ac

23、tivities. 或或 He gave us a suggestion that school children should avoid overusing their eyes and take more outdoor activities. 2021/3/2331或或 School children are advised not to overuse their eyes but to take more outdoor activities.2021/3/2332課堂練習課堂練習 1. 翻譯翻譯:你對班上同學的建議你對班上同學的建議:學習時尤其是學習時尤其是聽課時要充分利用眼、腦

24、、口、耳、手等聽課時要充分利用眼、腦、口、耳、手等器官共同參與器官共同參與, 這樣學習才更有效。這樣學習才更有效。 _when studying, especially in class students should make full use of the brain, eyes, ears, hands, and other organs for joint participation, which will make their study more efficient.It is my suggestion that 2021/3/23332. 翻譯翻譯:因此我強烈地建議那些同學不要

25、沉因此我強烈地建議那些同學不要沉迷于這些網(wǎng)絡活動而把更多的時間花到有意迷于這些網(wǎng)絡活動而把更多的時間花到有意義的活動中去義的活動中去, 如鍛煉身體。如鍛煉身體。Therefore, I strongly _ _ get addicted to these online activities and spend more spare time on meaningful activities, such as taking exercise. advise those classmatesnot to2021/3/2334你給你給Jack的建議的建議:(1) 制定學習計劃制定學習計劃, 盡力把心

26、思放到學習上盡力把心思放到學習上;(2)多和同學交流學習經(jīng)驗多和同學交流學習經(jīng)驗, 以提高學習成績。以提高學習成績。信息表達信息表達:To improve your study, I think it is very important for you to make a good plan for you study and put your heart into study. Besides, _ you communicate with your classmates so that you can learn their experience and improve your own

27、study. 3. 信息點信息點:I suggest that2021/3/2335表示提示或提醒的表達有表示提示或提醒的表達有:Sb reminds / warns us that.(某人某人提醒我們提醒我們)Sb reminds / warns us(not)to do sth(某人提醒我們做某人提醒我們做/不要做某事不要做某事)2021/3/2336典型例題典型例題 信息點信息點:專家解讀專家解讀:(4)特別提示特別提示:如何握筆也和近視如何握筆也和近視有關(guān)有關(guān)(2009廣東高考廣東高考)信息表達信息表達:He particularly reminded us that how to h

28、old a pen is also related to short-sightedness.2021/3/2337課堂練習課堂練習 1. 翻譯翻譯:提醒大家不要輕易在網(wǎng)上透露個人提醒大家不要輕易在網(wǎng)上透露個人信息和不要隨意打開不認識的人發(fā)來的文信息和不要隨意打開不認識的人發(fā)來的文檔。檔。_to keep secret our personal information, including our real name, phone number, email address and so on, and not to open any files from a stranger.You are

29、 reminded2021/3/23382. 翻譯翻譯:Alex提醒我們不同國家的各種領(lǐng)提醒我們不同國家的各種領(lǐng)域的時事新聞不僅豐富我們的知識域的時事新聞不僅豐富我們的知識, 同時幫同時幫助我們明智地思考我們的人生。助我們明智地思考我們的人生。_ news and current affairs on various fields from different countries not only enrich our knowledge but also help us think wisely about our life. Alex reminds us that2021/3/23393

30、. 信息點信息點:溫馨提醒溫馨提醒:有效期有效期:一個半月一個半月; 過期后果自負。過期后果自負。信息表達信息表達: _ that you have to undertake the responsibility after one and a half month.We would like to remind you 2021/3/2340這種表達方式也有很多。如這種表達方式也有很多。如:1. be connected with/to 2. be related to3. be relative to 4. be relevant to5. have something to do wit

31、h 6. be in/with relation to7. be associated with 8. be linked to 9. be bound up with2021/3/2341典型例題典型例題 信息點信息點:專家解讀專家解讀:(4)特別提示特別提示:如何握筆也和近視有如何握筆也和近視有關(guān)關(guān)(2009年廣東高考年廣東高考)信息表達信息表達:He particularly reminded us that how to hold a pen is also related to short-sightedness. (is related to 可用上可用上面所有的表達方式代替面所有

32、的表達方式代替)2021/3/2342課堂練習課堂練習 1. 翻譯翻譯:教育專家認為這事關(guān)教育公教育專家認為這事關(guān)教育公平的問題平的問題, 應從學生實際出發(fā)。應從學生實際出發(fā)。Educational experts think that this standard _ the educational fairness so it should be based on the reality of students.is connected with2021/3/23432. 翻譯翻譯:如果對老師的評價如果對老師的評價(evaluations)與學生的成績聯(lián)系起來的話與學生的成績聯(lián)系起來的話,

33、良好的教育良好的教育就成了一句空話。就成了一句空話。If teachers evaluations _ students grades, good education will just become empty talk. are connected to2021/3/23443. 信息點信息點:食品安全食品安全:最令人擔憂的問題最令人擔憂的問題, 與我與我們的健康息息相關(guān)。們的健康息息相關(guān)。信息表達信息表達:Food safety is the most worrying problem because it _ _our health.linked closely to is 2021/

34、3/2345表目的的表達手段很多表目的的表達手段很多, 用作不同的成分有不同的表達。用作不同的成分有不同的表達。1. 用謂語表達用謂語表達:aim/intend to do sth(目的是目的是, 旨在旨在)2. 用狀語表達用狀語表達:(1) so as to /in order to /in an effort to do.(為了做為了做某事某事)(2) with the purpose of doing sth(帶著帶著的目的的目的, 為了為了)(3) in hopes/the hope of(懷著懷著的希望的希望)(4) with dreams of doing(帶著帶著的夢想的夢想)(

35、5) with the goal of doing sth(目的是目的是)2021/3/23463. 用不定式作表語表達用不定式作表語表達:(1) The purpose of doing sth is to do.(做某做某事的目的是事的目的是)(2) Our goal is to do.(我們的目標我們的目標/的是的是)(3) The aim is to do.(目的是目的是)4. 用從句表達用從句表達:(1) so that.(以便以便)(2) in order that.(為了為了)(3) in the hope that.(懷著懷著的希望的希望)2021/3/2347典型例題典型例題

36、 信息點信息點:目標目標:所有室內(nèi)公共場所無煙所有室內(nèi)公共場所無煙實施時間實施時間:2011年年1月月1日起日起(2010廣東廣東)信息表達信息表達:This decision, which aims to make all indoor public places smoke-free, will come into effect from the first day of 2011.或或This decision, aiming to make all indoor public places smoke-free, will be carried out from January 1,

37、2011.2021/3/2348課堂練習課堂練習 1. 翻譯翻譯:為實現(xiàn)目標要采取的措施為實現(xiàn)目標要采取的措施:努力學努力學習考上理想的大學。習考上理想的大學。(2010四川四川)_, I must first try my best to pass the college entrance examination and enter a good university. In order to reach the goal 2021/3/23492. 翻譯翻譯:這課的目的是為了體驗中山大學的這課的目的是為了體驗中山大學的生活生活, 我充分感覺到做大學生的美妙。我充分感覺到做大學生的美妙。_a

38、t Zhongshan University. I fully felt the sweetness of being a college student. The aim of the class was to experience life 2021/3/23503. 信息點信息點:“無車日無車日”(Car-free Day)是一項節(jié)能環(huán)保的活是一項節(jié)能環(huán)保的活動動活動時間活動時間:每年每年9月月22日日參與者參與者:全國全國108個城市個城市活動目的活動目的:提高人們節(jié)約能源與保護環(huán)境的意識提高人們節(jié)約能源與保護環(huán)境的意識信息表信息表達達:_, Car-free Day is launc

39、hed in 108 cities in China on September 22 every year. To raise public awareness ofenergy-saving and environmental protection2021/3/2351介詞短語介詞短語:because of, due to, owing to, thanks to, for the reason that+從句從句從句從句:because, as, since, so.that.句式句式:The reason for/why.is that. (的原因是的原因是)2021/3/2352典型例

40、題典型例題1. 你的偶像及理由。你的偶像及理由。(2007廣東廣東)As for myself, Thomas Edison is my idol because his inventions have greatly changed our life. 2021/3/2353專家解讀專家解讀:(1)原因原因:很復雜很復雜(2)治療治療:沒有哪一種藥物能治愈近視沒有哪一種藥物能治愈近視(2009廣東廣東)信息表達信息表達:He also pointed out that the causes for short-sightedness are so complicated that no me

41、dicine can cure it.或或 Due to the complication of shortsightedness, no medicine can cure it, Professor Wang told us.2. 信息點信息點:2021/3/2354課堂練習課堂練習 1. 翻譯翻譯:由于他的精湛的技術(shù)由于他的精湛的技術(shù), 他贏得最他贏得最有價值球員獎有價值球員獎, 并被選入棒球名人堂。并被選入棒球名人堂。_, he won the most valuable player award and was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame

42、.Because of his excellent skills2021/3/23552. 翻譯翻譯:部分大學為什么吸引力下降部分大學為什么吸引力下降:部分大學辦部分大學辦學質(zhì)量差、學生上學學費高、畢業(yè)生就業(yè)難等。學質(zhì)量差、學生上學學費高、畢業(yè)生就業(yè)難等。 _ some colleges have become less attractive _the educational quality of some colleges is poor, the tuition fee is high and its hard for college graduates to get jobs. 或或Du

43、e to the poor educational quality of some colleges, high tuition fees and difficult employment for college graduates, some colleges have become less attractive. is thatThe reason why2021/3/23563. 信息點信息點:人們飲食的變化原因人們飲食的變化原因:原因一原因一:人們富裕人們富裕,有錢買貴重食品有錢買貴重食品;原因二原因二:人們更加注意食品的質(zhì)量人們更加注意食品的質(zhì)量, 好好的食品對身體有益。的食品對身

44、體有益。2021/3/2357信息表達信息表達:Why are there changes in peoples diet? I think _. First of all, people are becoming rich and they have more money to buy more expensive food with better nutrition. The second reason is that people pay more attention to the quality of food, because they know good food is of gr

45、eat benefitto their health.there are two reasons2021/3/2358對比的表達手段也是常用的表達手段對比的表達手段也是常用的表達手段, 主主要有要有:1. while 2. in comparison to3. compared with/ to 4. in comparison5. in contrast 2021/3/2359典型例題典型例題 信息點信息點:偶像偶像(idol) 女生女生男生男生偉人偉人18%18%父母父母25%11%影視明星影視明星50%14%體育明星體育明星6%48%沒有偶像沒有偶像1%9%男女生在以明星為偶像方面的差異

46、男女生在以明星為偶像方面的差異(2007年廣東年廣東)信息表達信息表達:The survey shows that half of the girls choose film and TV stars as idols, while 48% of the boys favour sports stars.2021/3/2360課堂練習課堂練習 1. 翻譯翻譯:相比球類運動和其它流行體育項目相比球類運動和其它流行體育項目, 慢跑更有效慢跑更有效, 且不那么耗時。且不那么耗時。_ball games and other popular sports, jogging is more efficient and less time-consuming.In comparison w