2014年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練Word版

1、2014年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練（7）議論文的閱讀 方法點(diǎn)撥議論文通常用來討論一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)或現(xiàn)象，其內(nèi)容主要由三部分組成：論點(diǎn)，論據(jù)與結(jié)論。論點(diǎn)就是作者要論述的觀點(diǎn)，是文章的主旨；而論據(jù)是用來證明論點(diǎn)的材料，也就是支撐論點(diǎn)的理由和事實(shí)。它可以是事例，理論，數(shù)據(jù)等等，結(jié)論則是論證后所得出的總結(jié)性觀點(diǎn)。寫作方法通常是：提出論點(diǎn)，分析或舉例論證，得出結(jié)論。閱讀議論文的方法：讀者應(yīng)該先搞清楚其結(jié)構(gòu)。首先通過尋找短文的主題句來確定文章的主題，也就是論點(diǎn)。主題句在文章中的位置通常有三種情況：開頭、中間、結(jié)尾(含在開頭結(jié)尾同時(shí)出現(xiàn)、首尾呼應(yīng)的主題句)。因此仔細(xì)閱讀這類文章或段落的首尾句是關(guān)鍵。在瀏覽時(shí)

2、，一般不需逐句瀏覽，只需選讀文章的首段、尾段，或每段的首句和末句。但注意，有些文章的主題句或者說“文眼”出現(xiàn)在文章的最后，此類文章往往以列舉事實(shí)開頭，通過論證，最后闡述核心觀點(diǎn)，或者引用某個(gè)人的話印證自己的觀點(diǎn)，以此歸納文章的主旨大意。找出文章的主論點(diǎn)后，還需進(jìn)一步找出每段落的分論點(diǎn)，以免分論點(diǎn)與主論點(diǎn)混淆。 活學(xué)活用閱讀下列文章，按要求完成讀寫任務(wù)It's natural that children are curious about the world around them.For example，they want to know how their hearts beat.T

3、hey want to know why the ocean water tastes salty.As children grow up，they become curious about different kinds of things.When they are babies，they are interested in the parts of their bodies and in the smiles of the others.Then they become interested in the physical world around them：the plants，the

4、 animals，and the sky.Later they become interested in the things that people have made：wheels，bicycles，cars，etc.And when they are adults，their curiosity continues.Sometimes this curiosity leads to a career(生涯)in science.Scientists spend their lives trying to find out about the world.Those who work wi

5、th the earth sciences study the earth，the oceans，and the skies.Other scientists who study living things work with the biological science.A third group of scientists study the physical science，e.g.physics and chemistry.These scientists have already discovered a lot about our world.For example，they te

6、ll us why your heart beats fast when you run.They say that when you are quiet，your heart normally beats sixty­five or seventy­five times a minute.Your heart is a pump that pumps blood to all parts of the body.The blood carries oxygen and nutrition.When you run，your muscles work very hard a

7、nd use the nutrition that the brain carries to them.The muscles need oxygen，too.So your brain sends a signal to the heart.The signal means that the muscles need more nutrition and oxygen.Then the heart beats fast and sends blood quickly to the muscles.It may beat 90 to 140 times a minute.2 / 7Of cou

8、rse，scientists cannot answer all of our questions.If we ask，“Why does the ocean water taste salty”，scientists will say that the salt comes from rocks.When a rock gets very hot or very cold，it cracks.Rain falls into the cracks.The rain then carries the salt into the earth and into the rivers.The rive

9、rs carry the salt into the oceans.But when then we ask “What happens to the salt in the ocean？The ocean does not get saltier every year.” Scientists are not sure about the answer to this question.We know a lot about our world，but there are still many answers that we don't have and we are curious

10、.根據(jù)短文，寫一篇30詞左右的摘要_.根據(jù)所讀短文，選擇最佳選項(xiàng)1According to the passage，which of the following statements is true？_.APeople are curious in the same way.BPeople in different countries are interested in different things.CMen and women are curious about different things.DPeople of different ages are interested in di

11、fferent things.2Scientists who work with the biological sciences study_.Athe earth，the oceans and the skyBman­made thingsCplants and animalsDocean water3When you run，your muscles need _.Amore nutrition and oxygenBmore signalsCmore saltDwater4People are always curious because_.Athey cannot expla

12、in many thingsBthey know nothing about the worldCthey know little about the worldDthey want to be scientists5The passage mainly shows us that _.AScientists find out many things because they are curious about everything around themBwhat the people are curious aboutCeveryone has curiosity which makes

13、the science develop quicklyDSometimes scientists cannot answer all of our questions參考答案This passage tells us that everyone，either children or adults are curious about the world around them，which sometimes leads to a career in science and thus makes science develop by showing some examples.1解析：根據(jù)第二段可

14、知。答案：D2解析：根據(jù)第三段“Other scientists who study living things work with the biological science.”答案：C3解析：根據(jù)第四段“The blood carries oxygen and nutrition.When you run，your muscles work very hard and use the nutrition that the brain carries to them.The muscles need oxygen.The signal means that the muscles need

15、 more nutrition and oxygen.”答案：A4解析：推理題，正因?yàn)椴荒芙忉?，才?huì)產(chǎn)生好奇。答案：A5解析：中心概括題。本文通過事例論述人們對事物的好奇推進(jìn)科學(xué)的發(fā)展。答案：C 活學(xué)活用根據(jù)前面所學(xué)閱讀技巧，完成下列讀寫任務(wù)In September,2007，a group of students from eight high schools in Winnipeg，the capital of Canada's Manitoba Province，will send a satellite into space.The satellite，named after

16、its home city，will be put into low orbit.Once in space，it can perform for a few months or up to several years，communicating information that could help find the signs of earthquakes.There are 80 similar satellite projects worldwide，but this is the first high­school based program of its kind in

17、Canada.30 Manitoba high school students are having a hand in designing and building the satellite，in cooperation with space experts and 10 students from the University of Manitoba，and with support from two other organizations.The Winnipeg Project is not something that goes on a piece of paper；it is

18、real­world engineering，allowing high school students to have an opportunity to learn more about the exciting world of engineering through their participation in this challenging program.It is also regarded as a wonderful example of the unique partnerships within Manitoba.Designing，building and

19、launching a satellite with high­school students will bring this world­class educational project into reality and Manitoba closer to space.“These high school students deserve congratulations for their enthusiasm and a strong love for discovery，” said Peter，Education，Citizenship and Youth Mi

20、nister.“We want to make science more interesting and attractive to high school students by showing them how classroom studies can relate to practical experience in the workplace or in space，” Peter added.The Winnipeg Project mainly aimed at inspiring a strong desire for discovery on the part of the

21、students.It also shows Manitoba's devotion to research.請用大約30詞概括全文內(nèi)容_.根據(jù)所讀短文，選擇正確答案1According to the passage，this satellite is _.Anamed after Manitoba and its shapeBintended for international communicationCdesigned，built and launched mainly by studentsDchallenged by university students around th

22、e world2According to the minister，_.Athe study of space can be practically made in classroomsBManitoba high schools are famous for the study of spaceCscientific research is too far away from high school studentsDthose Manitoba high school students are worth praising3The primary purpose of the project is to _.Ainspire a strong desire for discovery among the students Bfind the early signs of earthquakes Crelate studies to practice Dhelp high school students study real­world engineering4Which of the following is True according to the pa