英語核心句法(四)狀語從句(1)

1、年 級(jí)高二學(xué) 科英語編稿老師李敏英課程標(biāo)題核心句法（四）狀語從句（1）一校林卉二校黃楠審核趙梅紅在復(fù)合句中修飾主句中的動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子的從句叫狀語從句。狀語從句在句中的作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)副詞，因此也叫副詞性從句。從句的位置可放在句首，也可放在句末。放在句首時(shí)，從句后面常用一個(gè)逗號(hào)；放在句末時(shí)，從句前面一般不用逗號(hào)。根據(jù)含義，狀語從句可分為：時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、方式、讓步、條件、比較等9種。狀語從句是高中階段的重點(diǎn)，也是歷年高考的常考點(diǎn)，經(jīng)常會(huì)在單選、完形填空、短文改錯(cuò)等題目中出現(xiàn)，在閱讀理解、閱讀表達(dá)以及寫作中也占有重要地位。狀語從句的重點(diǎn)：掌握并正確使用不同種類的從句應(yīng)使用

2、的連詞。本講處理狀語從句主要考查點(diǎn)其中的三個(gè)方面：1. 主從句時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)問題2. 連詞的辨析問題，如：when, while, as; because, since, as, for等3. 狀語從句中的倒裝問題 一、知識(shí)精講 1. 時(shí)間狀語從句1）引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的連詞有：when, as, while, after, before, since, till（until）, once, whenever, no soonerthan, hardlywhen, as soon as, the moment, immediately, every time, the first time, by

3、the time, etc. 【例句】When my mother came in, I was going over my lessons.Dont speak while you are eating.We discussed his suggestion as we went along. Please come to my office as soon as the class is over. 2）when的用法：【例句】The fire was put out when they came.I hope youll think of my words when you drive

4、on the busy roads. Turn off the switch when anything goes wrong with the machine. Why do you want a new job when youve got such a good one already?He walks when he might ride.We have only three chairs when we need five. I was about to go to bed when the phone rang a second time.狀元典例1Its known to all

5、 that _ you take exercise regularly will you keep good health.A. unless B. only when C. although D. if only 答案：B思路分析：注意倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。狀元典例2How can you expect to learn anything _ you never listen？A. in caseB. even ifC. unlessD. when答案：D思路分析：由下文語意可知，空白處應(yīng)表示“既然”之意，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有when可表達(dá)此意。 3）while的用法： 【例句】Please be quiet

6、 while I am talking to you.While I understand what you say, I cant agree with you.He is strong while his brother is weak.狀元典例1Mary made coffee _ her guests were finishing their meal.A. so that B. although C. while D. as if 答案：C思路分析：句意：當(dāng)客人們將要結(jié)束用餐的時(shí)候，Mary煮咖啡。so that譯為“以便”,表示目的，although譯為“盡管，雖然”，as if譯

7、為“好像”，while譯為“當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候”，因此while符合句意，選擇C。狀元典例2Id like to study law at university _ my sister prefers geography. A. though B. as C. while D. for 答案：C思路分析：連詞while表示轉(zhuǎn)折，意思是“而，可是”。狀元典例3_ I really dont like art, I find his work impressive. A. As B. Since C. If D. While答案：D思路分析：while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，譯為“盡管”；as雖可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句

8、，但從句須倒裝。4）when, while和as： when, while和as都可譯為“當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候”，表示主句中的動(dòng)作和從句中的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。但while從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞通常是持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，而when, as從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞既可是持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，也可是短暫性動(dòng)詞。as還可譯為“隨著”，表示事態(tài)或狀況的變化或發(fā)展過程。【例句】As the years went by, his hair turned grey. Just as he was leaving his house, the telephone rang. The thief was caught as/ when he was steal

9、ing in the supermarket. He looked behind from time to time as he went.狀元典例Im going to the post office. _ youre there, can you get me some stamps? A. As B. While C. Because D. If 答案：B思路分析：because引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，不符合題意。while和as都能引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，as一般強(qiáng)調(diào)主句謂語動(dòng)詞與從句謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作的同時(shí)性，而while除可表示同時(shí)性外，還可表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作在另一個(gè)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行或持

10、續(xù)過程中的某一時(shí)刻發(fā)生。再結(jié)合句子的意思，就可知道B為最佳答案。5）until和till兩詞可替換，但until語氣比較強(qiáng)，可置于句首。【例句】Wait till/until he comes. Dont leave until he comes. He didnt fall asleep until his mother came back.狀元典例1“You cant have this football back _ you promise not to kick it at my cat again,” the old man said firmly. A. because B. si

11、nce C. when D. until答案：D思路分析：not.until意為“直到才”。狀元典例2A good storyteller must be able to hold his listeners curiosity _ he reaches the end of the story. A. when B. unless C. after D. until答案：D思路分析：hold his listeners curiosity意思是“抓住聽眾的好奇心”，所以后面應(yīng)是“直到故事結(jié)尾”的意思。6）since（自從）的用法【例句】I have lived in Beijing sinc

12、e I left Shanghai.I have returned to Shanghai twice since I left there.He has telephoned me frequently since he was ill. It has been a year since I worked here. It is/has been a long time since he was ill. It is/has been a long time since we parted. 狀元典例As is reported, it is 100 years _ Qinghua Univ

13、ersity was founded.A. when B. before C. after D. since答案：D思路分析：句意為“清華大學(xué)建校已有百年”，since“自從到現(xiàn)在”，when時(shí)間點(diǎn)不對，before前的時(shí)態(tài)不對，語意也不完整?！皬臅r(shí)到現(xiàn)在有多久了”，我們用it isyears since的句型來表達(dá)。7）before除譯為“在之前”外，還可譯為“還未就”, “不到就”， “才”， “趁著還沒就”， “還沒來得及就”等?！纠洹縋lease write it down before you forget it. Before I could get in a word, he

14、had measured me. It wont be long before we meet again. It was some time before I realized the importance of it. It was five hours before I finished the work. 比較：It is three years since I smoked a cigar. It is three years since I began to smoke. （have smoked） 狀元典例1He asked me just to sit down and dri

15、nk some water _ I could say anything about my travel plan. A. while B. when C. if D. before答案：D思路分析：本句中before可譯為“還沒來得及就”。狀元典例2He was told that it would be at least three more months _he could recover and return to work. A. when B. before C. since D. that答案：B思路分析：“It is/was/will be一段時(shí)間before”譯為“多長時(shí)間之

16、后才”。8）by the time的用法 【例句】By the time he gets there, his father has already gone.By the time he went abroad, he was fourteen.By the time he left school, he had already learned 5,000 words.By the time he graduates, he will have learned 5,000 words.狀元典例By the time Jack returned home from England, his s

17、on from college.A. graduated B. has graduated C. had been graduating D. had graduated答案：D思路分析：考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)，“by the time +過去時(shí)”表示“截止到過去某時(shí)間為止做了某事”，主句用過去完成時(shí)。句意為“截止到Jack從英國返家，他的兒子已經(jīng)大學(xué)畢業(yè)了?！?）當(dāng)表達(dá)“一就”之意時(shí)，可用as soon as, immediately, directly, the moment, the minute等引出狀語從句，還可用no sooner.than., hardly/scarcely.when.等句

18、型?！纠洹縏he moment I heard the voice, I knew father was coming. We had no sooner arrived at the station than the train left. The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother.狀元典例1Just use this room for the time being, and well offer you a larger one _ it becomes available.A. as soon as B. unless

19、 C. as far as D. until 答案：A思路分析：句意為“僅暫時(shí)使用此房間，大點(diǎn)的房間一旦可以正常使用，我們馬上提供給你?！睜钤淅?The passengers were sent to the nearest hospital _the accident happened. A. shortly B. nearly C. instantly D. almost 答案：C思路分析：英語中有幾個(gè)單詞屬于副詞詞形，但是可以用作連詞來引導(dǎo)句子，如：immediately, directly, presently等。通常譯為“一就”。例如：I shall come immediatel

20、y Ive finished supper.10）短語every time, the first time, any time等也可引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句?！纠洹縀very/Each time I was in trouble, he would come to help me out. 狀元典例_ I met her, she was cutting grass by the river. A. For the first time B. The first time C. At the first time D. On the first time答案：B思路分析：the first time

21、能夠引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。2. 引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句的連詞有：where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere?！纠洹縔ou had better put the book back where you took it.Wherever you go, I go too.You can go anywhere you like. Everywhere they went, they were kindly received.狀元典例1If you are traveling _ the customs are really foreign to your

22、own, please do as the Romans do. A. in which B. what C. when D. where答案：D思路分析：where引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句，容易受定語從句影響而誤選in which。狀元典例2In peace, too, the Red Cross is expected to send help_ there is human suffering.A. whoeverB. howeverC. whateverD. wherever答案：D思路分析：此題考查“疑問句+ever”的用法。句意：在和平時(shí)期也一樣，凡有痛苦的地方，人們都期望得到紅十字會(huì)的援

23、助。由句意可知答案為wherever。3. 引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的連詞有：because, since, as, now that, not thatbut that, for the reason that, in that等。【例句】He did not come to school today because he was ill.Since you are here, you had better stay.Now that you are all here, lets begin the meeting.The woman felt a bit worried, not that she

24、 had been out too long, but that her children were waiting for her at home. It was because he was ill that he didnt keep on working.注意：for 引導(dǎo)一個(gè)句子表示原因，在語法上不屬于原因狀語從句，而屬于并列句，for在句中是并列連詞，表示對前句內(nèi)容進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明。另外，原因狀語從句不能與表示結(jié)果的并列連詞so連用?！纠洹縔ou had better put on your coat, for it is rather cold outside.As the wea

25、ther was fine, we decided to climb the mountain. It was hot, so he turned on the electric fan.狀元典例1 Jenny was very sad over the loss of the photos she had shot at Canada, _ this was a memory she especially treasured. A. as B. if C. when D. where 答案：A思路分析：as 在此處引導(dǎo)狀語從句，表原因。狀元典例2 The old man asked Lucy

26、 to move to another chair _ he wanted to sit next to his wife.A. although B. unless C. because D. if答案：C思路分析：句意：老人叫露絲挪到另一把椅子上，因?yàn)樗敫拮影ぶ??？崭袂昂蟮膬蓚€(gè)句子在邏輯意義上存在因果關(guān)系，所以用because引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，unless和if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。 二、難點(diǎn)聚焦1. till/ until用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句和倒裝句【例句】It was not until it was dark that he came back.Not u

27、ntil you had explained how did I manage to do it.狀元典例In order to prepare for the college entrance examination, it was _. A. not until midnight did he go to bed B. until midnight that he didnt go to bed C. not until midnight that he went to bed D. until midnight when he didnt go to bed答案：C思路分析：notunt

28、il句型的強(qiáng)調(diào)句中應(yīng)為not until連用，所以B、D不對，這個(gè)句型的強(qiáng)調(diào)句和倒裝句不同時(shí)使用，所以A不對。2. 時(shí)間和條件狀語從句中，主句用將來時(shí)時(shí)，從句用現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來。狀元典例If their marketing plans succeed, they_their sales by 20 percent. A. will increase B. have been increasing C. have increased D. would be increasing答案：A思路分析：主句用將來時(shí)，條件狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來。3. 區(qū)別where引導(dǎo)的從句【例句】Just stay w

29、here you are and dont move.Just stay in the place where you are and dont move. Is this museum where you paid a visit a few days ago? He asked me a question where she had gone. 狀元典例Where did you meet her?It was in the hotel_ we stayed. A. thatB. thereC. whichD. where答案：D思路分析：根據(jù)題意，where在句中引導(dǎo)定語從句，并在從句中

30、作地點(diǎn)狀語。三、狀元筆記1. No sooner.than., Hardly/Scarcely.when.中的時(shí)態(tài)；not until用于倒裝2. the first time 與 for the first time的區(qū)別3. when, while, as的多種語義及用法4. 時(shí)間狀語從句中的時(shí)態(tài)對應(yīng)問題1. _ I admit his good points，I still feel it unwise to offer him this important position. A. While B. Unless C. When D. As答案：A思路分析：while在本句中表示“盡管

31、，雖然”。2. John thinks it wont be long he is ready for his new job. A. when B. after C. before D. since答案：C思路分析：It will（not）be+時(shí)間段+before引導(dǎo)的狀語從句，意思是：過多久才，不久就，所以選C。3. Today, we will begin _we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out.A. when B. where C. how D. what答案：B思路分析：句意：今天，我們從昨天結(jié)束的地方開始，這

32、樣我們就不會(huì)遺漏要點(diǎn)了。where 引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句。4. The girl had hardly rung the bell the door was opened suddenly, and her friends rushed out to greet her.A. before B. until C. as D. since答案：A思路分析：根據(jù)rung the bell和the door was opened發(fā)生的先后順序，可以得出答案。句意：女孩還沒來得及按門鈴，門就突然打開了。她的朋友們一擁而上來歡迎她。5. _when has the country been open to

33、international trade?1978, I suppose.A. SinceB. InC. FromD. After答案：A思路分析：句子時(shí)態(tài)為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，when相當(dāng)于下文的1978，只有“since+過去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)”，句子才用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故選A項(xiàng)。6. Jasmine was holidaying with her family in a wildlife park_she was bitten on the leg by a lion.A. whenB. whileC. sinceD. once答案：A思路分析：when=and at that time。這是個(gè)并列句。7.

34、You can eat food free in my restaurant you like.A. wheneverB. whereverC. whateverD. however答案：A思路分析：本題考查的是“疑問詞+ever”引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，根據(jù)句意應(yīng)選whenever。此題容易誤選whatever，whatever相當(dāng)于anything that，所以主句當(dāng)中的food與anything重復(fù)了，不能選C。8. Was his father very strict with him when he was at school?Yes. He had never praised him

35、 _ he became one of the top students in the grade.A. after B. unless C. until D. when答案：C思路分析：答語句意：直到他成為全年級(jí)最優(yōu)秀的學(xué)生，他父親才表揚(yáng)他。notuntil直到才。如果要表達(dá)“除非他成為全年級(jí)最優(yōu)秀的學(xué)生，否則他父親就不表揚(yáng)他”，had never praised沒必要用過去完成時(shí)。 （答題時(shí)間45分鐘）一、單項(xiàng)選擇1. Youd better not leave the medicine _ kids can get at it. A. even ifB. whichC. whereD.

36、so that 2. _unemployment and crime are high, it can be assumed that the latter is due to the former.A. Before B. Where C. Unless D. Until3. You cant borrow books from the school library _ you get your student card.A. before B. if C. while D. as*4. Did you return Freds call? I didnt need to _ Ill see

37、 him tomorrow. A. though B. unless C. when D. because*5. Im sorry youve been waiting so long, but itll still be some time _Brian gets back. A. before B. since C. till D. after*6. Nancy enjoyed herself so much _ she visited her friends in Sydney last year. A. that B. which C. when D. where*7. Wheres

38、that report?I brought it to youyou were in Mr. Blacks office yesterday.A. ifB. whenC. becauseD. before8. The American Civil War lasted four yearsthe North won in the end. A. after B. whenC. beforeD. then*9. We were told that we should follow the main road_we reached the central railway station.A. wh

39、eneverB. untilC. whileD. wherever10. _ volleyball is her main focus, shes also great at basketball.A. Since B. Once C. Unless D. While11. If a lot of people say a film is not good, I wont bother to see it, or Ill wait _ it comes out on DVD. A. whether B. after C. though D. until12. Please call my se

40、cretary to arrange a meeting this afternoon, or _ it is convenient to you. A. whenever B. however C. whichever D. wherever13. One Friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend away _ my daughter heard cries for help.A. after B. while C. since D. when14. It was April 29, 2010 _ Prince William and Ka

41、te Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony. A. that B. when C. since D .before15. He had no sooner finished his speech _ the students started cheering.A. since B. as C. when D. than16. _ all of them are strong candidates, only one will be chosen for the post.A. Since B. While C

42、. If D. As*17. Because of the heavy traffic, it was already time for lunch break_ she got to her office A. since B. that C. when D. until*18. She had just finished her homework _ her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday. A. when B. while C. after D. since二、完形填空 DavidYears ago, wh

43、en I was working at a childrens institution, a boy 1 up in the waiting room. It was David. He had 2 his parents. He was very sad 3 to talk to others.The first two times we met, David didnt say a word. He sat in the chair and only 4 up at the childrens drawings on the wall. As he was about to leave 5

44、 the second visit, I put my hand on his 6 .He didnt shrink（退縮）back, but he didnt look at me either.“Come back next week,” I hesitated a bit.He came, and I suggested we play a game of chess. He 7 . After that we played 8 every time, in complete 9 and without making any eye contact. Its not 10 to chea

45、t in chess, but I admit that I made sure David won 11 .It seemed as if he enjoyed my 12 . But why did he never look at me？Perhaps he sensed that I respected his suffering. I kept wondering and 13 with him, until some months later, 14 , he looked up at me. “Its your turn,” he said.After that day, David started 15 . He got friends in school. He wrote me a few 16 about how he would try to get into university. After some time, the letters 17 . Now he had really started to live his own life.I learned how 18 cures pain. And David showed me how o