高中英語選修七unit5重點(diǎn)詞匯 短語講解學(xué)案 及練習(xí)含解析

1、個性化學(xué)案動詞辨析，名詞辨析，動詞短語辨析適用學(xué)科英語適用年級高中二年級適用區(qū)域陜西 西安課時時長（分鐘）60知識點(diǎn)非限定性定語從句，名詞辨析，動詞辨析，動詞短語辨析教學(xué)目標(biāo)掌握選修七 unit 5重點(diǎn)詞匯，短語，句型。同時，訓(xùn)練閱讀理解能力和綜合語言能力。教學(xué)重點(diǎn)掌握選修七 unit5 重點(diǎn)詞匯，短語，句型。同時，訓(xùn)練閱讀理解能力和綜合語言能力。教學(xué)難點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練閱讀理解能力和綜合語言能力。教學(xué)過程 一、復(fù)習(xí)預(yù)習(xí)教師引導(dǎo)學(xué)生復(fù)習(xí)上節(jié)內(nèi)容，并引入本節(jié)課程內(nèi)容 二、知識講解本節(jié)課主要知識點(diǎn)解析，中高考考點(diǎn)、易錯點(diǎn)分析考點(diǎn)/易錯點(diǎn)1 重點(diǎn)詞匯1. kind : “this/that kind/sort/

2、type of + 單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)名詞”做主語時，其謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式，而在比較正式的用語中，復(fù)數(shù)名詞可放在前面，即：單/復(fù)數(shù)名詞+of+this/kind, 這時謂語動詞由名詞的數(shù)來決定，因?yàn)榇藭r名詞已成為中心詞。This kind of questions is very difficult to answer.= Questions of this kind are very difficult to answer.That kind of shoes is fashionable.= Shoes of that kind are fashionable.表示數(shù)量的短語：a great

3、deal of/ an amount of “大量的”， 后加不可數(shù)名詞a good /great manya number of “大量的”只修飾可數(shù)名詞a lot of/ plenty of/ a quantity of 許多/ the rest “剩余的”即可修飾可數(shù)名詞也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞。Quantities of food were supplied to the area of being flooded.A large quantity of beer has been sold.2. by （1）在近處（位置）He would stand by the window for a

4、 few hours. (2) （示移動方向）沿，經(jīng)，由，從旁邊經(jīng)過 I passed by me without noticing me.I go the house every day. (3)不遲于 ,在以前Will you finish the task by tomorrow? By this time tomorrow he will be here. (4) （表示方法、手段） 由，靠，通過 They intended to leave by the first train. (5) 相差（數(shù)目或程度） His horse won by a noise. 以僅有的一點(diǎn)優(yōu)勢 I w

5、as late by ten minutes. (6) 表示大小，次第，逐一 The students entered 2 by 2 . Time went by little by little. (7) (表示關(guān)系) 就來說He is an Englishman by birth. She is a doctor by profession.職業(yè)醫(yī)生 相關(guān)短語by doing sth 通過做某事（來達(dá)到目的）little by little 一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)，逐漸地，慢慢地 by the time 到那時為止 by air/sea/land/car/bus/bike/plane 乘 by mean

6、s of 用,依靠 by the way 順便問一下 by the hour/the week/the year以小時、周、年來記報酬 call sb by name 叫某人的名字 know sb by name 知道某人的名字 by far 得多， 最 day by day 日復(fù)一日 by oneself 獨(dú)自 by hand 用手 by mistake 弄錯3 adjust (1) 調(diào)節(jié)/調(diào)整(使適合) I must adjust my watch; its slow. Your collar need adjusting.整理 (2) 使適應(yīng)/ 適應(yīng) It took her quite

7、a long time to adjust to living alone in a foreign country. 近義詞： adapt to其中to是介詞，后接v-ing形式(即to doing現(xiàn)象)類似的短語： devoteto /be devoted to , make contributions to , be/get used to , be accustomed to , look forward to, pay attention to, get down to , lead to, stick to , object to, in addition to , on the

8、way to , turn to, belong to , reply to, see to (負(fù)責(zé)，照看) 等4 experience (1)（U） 經(jīng)驗(yàn) Mike is a man of much/ rich experience. Mr Black , a friend of my fathers , is a teacher with 30 years experience.(2) (C ) 經(jīng)歷，閱歷 Our journey by camel was an unforgettable experience.(3) V 經(jīng)歷，感受 I have experienced what har

9、dship means. 我體驗(yàn)過艱苦生活。 Our country has experienced great changes in the last 30 years. experienced 有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的， educated 受過教育的， skilled 技術(shù)熟練的 experiment 實(shí)驗(yàn)5 board (1) V Youd better board the train now. Its time to leave. (2) V 食宿 Im boarding with a friend. 我和一個朋友一塊住。 (3) n 長薄且扁平的木板（常用于合成詞） blackboard notic

10、e board chessboard (4) n 膳食費(fèi)用 I paid $ 10 a week for board and lodging. 我每周付10元的食宿費(fèi)。 詞組：on board 在船上，在飛機(jī)上 boarding card 登船（機(jī)）票/證 boarding house 供食宿的宿舍6 dream (1) （n） 夢想，夢 He had a dream of being a teacher. (2) v 常與 of /about 連用 He had ever dreamed of becoming a famous actor. (3) dream a strange drea

11、m 同源賓語 live a happy life 7 expect (1) v 預(yù)料，期待，預(yù)期 I expect that he will pass the examination. He expects to fail the examination. 他料想無法通過考試。（2） v 期望、盼望某事，尤指好事發(fā)生，常用于進(jìn)行時態(tài)。 Im expecting a letter.（等） Im expecting John any minute now. 我現(xiàn)在時時刻刻在等著（3“以為，認(rèn)為 ”相當(dāng)于suppose I expect it was the cat that broke the c

12、up. expected (adj) 預(yù)料之中的 unexpected （adj） 未預(yù)料到的 expectation （n） 預(yù)期指點(diǎn)迷津： （1） hope 表示“祝愿，愿望”不可接復(fù)合賓語或雙賓語 hope sb sth 或hope sb to do sth (2) wish 愿望實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能不大，常用虛擬語氣?？梢哉fwish sb 或 wish sb to do sth(3) expect “期待”，確信某事必將發(fā)生。多用于好的事物 expect sb to do sth expect too much of sb 對某人期望過高 only to be expected 可能發(fā)生，相當(dāng)正

13、常(4) look forward to “期待，盼望” 其中to 為介詞e.g.Mike_ to become a world champion by his coach and parents. A expected B was expecting C was expected D would be expected8. lecture (1) 講課，上課n Mr Smith gave us an interesting lecture. (2) 做演講，講課 Professor Zhang is not lecturing this term. (3) （因某事）斥責(zé)或告誡某人 Do s

14、top lecturing me! 別教訓(xùn)我了。a lecture tour 巡回演講 give sb a lecture 訓(xùn)斥某人 give a lecture 講課deliver a lecture 上課 lecture sb for/ about sth 因某事斥責(zé)或告誡某人9. qualification (n)（1） 考試及格證書，執(zhí)照 He has got a medical qualification. 他已取得醫(yī)學(xué)資格證。（2） 資格（常用復(fù)數(shù)） He has the right qualifications for the job.qualify (v) 取得資格，修飾，限制

15、 qualified 合格的 quality 品質(zhì)，素質(zhì) quantity 數(shù)量10. prepare : prepare sth prepare sb for sth prepare for sth be （well）prepared for sth prepare to do sth in preparation make preparations for11. before (1) prep 在前面 He stood before her. (2) prep （表示時間）在以前 Please come before 10 oclock. (3) adv 以前 I have never s

16、een him before. (4) conj 在之前 We do want to buy something before prices go up. before long 不久以后 long before 很久以前 It wont be long before不久就 E.g. A dozen ideas were considered _ the chief architect decided on the design of the building. A because B before C whether D unless12. host (1) (n) (待客的)主人 I wa

17、s away so my son acted as host. Beijing is the host of (2) n (電視節(jié)目等)主持人 The host on tonights show is Max Astor. hostess 女主(持)人(v) 主持，主辦某項(xiàng)活動 Beijing has got the opportunity to host the 2008 Olympic Games.13. live (1) vi “活，生存”The doctors dont think he will live through the night. (2) vi“居住” Where do

18、you live? (3) vt 相當(dāng)于lead “過一樣的生活” Now people in our country are living a happy life. (4) adj “活的”一般用來指動物 He caught some live fish with no tools. (5) adj “現(xiàn)場直播的” The CCTV made a live coverage of the World Cup.短語： live with 忍受，和一起住 live on 靠生活/生存 live up to 遵守，達(dá)到符合，不辜負(fù)（他人的期望） live through 度過，經(jīng)歷（災(zāi)難或其他困

19、境）而幸存14. comfort （1） U 舒適，身體健康 They did everything for our comfort. 盡力使我們舒適。 Her children are a great comfort for her.（2）幫助，安慰，仁愛 The news brought comfort to all of us. 給大家?guī)砹税参俊＃?）v The child ran to its mother to be comforted.以求安慰。 He tried to comfort her by telling her that everything would be all

20、 right. comfortable 安逸的，舒適的 comfortless 無安慰的，不舒適的 comforter 安慰者，羊毛圍巾15. substitute (n) (1) “代替，替換”，后常與for 連用Honey can be used as a substitute for sugar. He is a substitute player on the team. 他是替補(bǔ)隊(duì)員。 （2） “用代替”，后接for We substituted potatoes for rice. 用土豆代替米飯。 We must substitute a new chair for the br

21、oken one. 短語： substitute sth for sth 某物代替某物 substitute sb for sb 某人代替某人 replace sth with sth 用某物代替某物 change sth for sth 用某物替換某物 take the place of 代替 take ones place 代替 in place of 代替 instead （of）代替，而不是16. help 組成的詞組： help oneself to sth 自取/隨便用 cant help doing 情不自禁地做某事 help （sb）out 幫助（某人）擺脫困境can not

22、help but do 不得不做 with the help of 在的幫助下 with ones help注：改錯中經(jīng)常把with the help of寫成under the help of17. academic (1) adj “學(xué)院的，學(xué)校的”，常作定語。The academic year usually starts in September. 一學(xué)年通常是從9月開始的。(2)n 大學(xué)講師，高等學(xué)校的學(xué)生 He is an academic in Oxford University. academy 學(xué)院，?？圃盒?18. requirement （1）依賴或需要的事物，常用做復(fù)數(shù)

23、。 Our latest model should meet your requirements exactly. Our immediate requirement is extra staffs.我們急需額外的工作人員。 (2) 規(guī)定或要求的事物 Not all visitors satisfy the legal entry requirement.不是所有的外賓都符合法律上的入境規(guī)定。 require （v）require sb to do sth 要求某人做某事 require that 從句用虛擬語氣The requirement is that從句用虛擬語氣The require

24、ment is that all the workers (should) start to work at 7:30.His health requires that he (should) go to bed early.19. tutor (1) 私人教師，家教，導(dǎo)師 A tutor to taught the children while they were in hospital. (2) 課本，特別指音樂課本My son has got a violin tutor from school. (3) 教，教某人 He often tutors a child of his frie

25、nds for an examination.他經(jīng)常輔導(dǎo)他朋友的孩子準(zhǔn)備考試(4) vt （control ）控制，約束自己的感情 It is important to tutor yourself to be patient. 培養(yǎng)你的耐心是重要的。 短語： tutor sb in sth 教某人某事 tutor ones passions 抑制某人的感情 tutor oneself to be patient 培養(yǎng)自己的耐心/耐性20. numb （ adj ）“失去感覺的，麻木的”常用比喻義。The shock left me numb. 我驚呆了。 She was numb with

26、terror. 她嚇得不能動了。 句中with 用來表示原因，意為“因?yàn)?，由于?He trembled with fear.His fingers were numb with cold. He was shaking with laughter. Her face was red with cold.His face turned red with embarrassment. Ill do with pleasure.21. concern (v) 使人擔(dān)憂，煩惱 Our losses are beginning to concern me.be concerned about/ for

27、/ over 對擔(dān)憂 be concerned in與某事有牽連，對某事負(fù)責(zé)be concerned with 與有關(guān)22. confuse （v） 使混亂/糊涂/弄錯 I was confused by the noise around.Her unexpected arrival confused all our plans.I always confuse the twin sisters. They look so alike.get confused 困惑不解，糊涂的 confusing 莫名其妙的，難以理解的 confusion 迷惑23.lack （n & V） （1）

28、“沒有，缺乏”常與of 連用 The plants died for lack of water. The project was abandoned for lack of money. (2) Vt “缺乏，沒有”直接加賓語 We lack knowledge and skill. His parents lack the money to send him to university. for lack of 因缺乏have no lack of 不缺乏. lack for nothing 一無所缺 be lacking in 缺乏注：在作狀語的時候，lacking=lack of 在作

29、謂語的時候，lack=be lack of24.improve (1) (vt) 使變好，使改善 I want to improve my English. (2) 變好，改善 I think your English is improving. His health is improving.= He is improving in health. improvement 改善，改進(jìn)，增進(jìn)25.appear (vi) 出現(xiàn)，出版，到場 That the pop singer appeared made his fans crazy. If I fail to appear by seven

30、oclock I will not come at all. (2) 看起來，似乎 He appears to want to leave as early as possible. It appears that he will win. = It appears as if/as though he will win. to do He appeared to have been told everything. appear that-clause as if/ as though It appears/ seems that 看起來似乎 There appears/seems to b

31、e It looks/ seems/appears as if disappear (v) 消失 disappearance (n) 消失 appear 與disappear 無被動語態(tài)26.content (1) (n) 所容納之物，所含之物,內(nèi)容（contents）He tipped the contents of the bag onto the table. 他把提包里的東西倒在桌子上。 Fire has caused severe damage to the contents of the building.He hadnt read the letter and so was un

32、aware of its contents(2) （書的）目錄 （contents）a table of contents 目錄 a contents page 目錄頁（3） (書，講話，節(jié)目等的)主題，主要內(nèi)容 Your tone of voice is as important as what you have to say. . The content of the course depends on what the students would like to study. Her poetry has a great deal of political content.(4) 含量

33、，容量（用于名詞后） food with a high fat content the alcohol content of a drink(5) adj 滿足，滿意(不用于名詞前) be content with Not content with stealing my girlfriend, she has turned all my friends against me.be content to do 愿意做 Im content to wait. contented（尤指因生活好而）滿足的，滿意的（用于名詞前）a contented smile He is a contented m

34、an. contentment(n)27. occupy (1) (vt) 占據(jù)充滿 The speeches occupied 3 hours. 發(fā)言共占了3個小時。 Many problems occupied his mind. 他腦子里裝著許多問題。 （2） 軍事占領(lǐng) take possession of The army occupied the enemys capital. (3)占有房屋、土地 They occupy the room next door. 他們住在隔壁房間。 （4） 擔(dān)任某職 My sister occupies an important position i

35、n her firm. be occupied in doing sth 忙于做某事 be occupied with sth 忙于某事28. common (1) 普通的，常見的 common sense/knowledge 常識 （2） 一般的，平常的 He is not an officer, but a common soldier. (3) 共同的 ，共有的 We share a common purpose. (4) n 公地，公用草地，公園 Every Saturday Mary goes riding on the village common. (5) in common “

36、共有，公用”常與with連用 In common with many young people ,he prefers pop music to classical music. Mr and Mrs Smith own the store in common. have a lot in common with have much in common with have a great deal in common with have little in common with have nothing in common with29. follow （1）跟隨，跟著，繼續(xù) The boy

37、 followed his father out. (2) 跟蹤，追捕I think we are being followed. (3)從事 He follows the trade of baker. (4) 理解 Do you follow what I am saying? (5) 聽從，遵循 follow ones advice follow the instructions 按指示辦事 (6) 沿著（道路等）而行 Follow this road until you get to the corner, then turn left. following (adj) 下一個，其次的

38、 ；（prep） 在之后 as follow如下 The students came in, following their teacher. The teacher came in ,followed by his students.30. deserve “應(yīng)受（獎賞） ，應(yīng)得，值得” 不用于進(jìn)行時態(tài)，后接 to do 、n、 pron 。 They deserve to be sent to prison. 他們應(yīng)當(dāng)入獄。 deserving 應(yīng)得的，值得的She deserves a reward for her effort.她積極努力應(yīng)該受到獎賞。31.succeed (1) 接著

39、，繼續(xù) A silence succeed his words . (2) “繼承，繼位，繼續(xù) ” Miss Black succeed Mr Smith as our teacher. 繼之后當(dāng)了 When the king died, his eldest son succeeded. 國王死后其長子繼位。 (3) 成功達(dá)到，成功，后常接（in） doing sth He succeed in winning the first place. success (n) successful (adj) successfully (adv)32. lively, live, living, a

40、live 與 lovely(1) lively “活潑的，活躍的，有生氣的，生動的” a lively girl 活潑的女孩 a lively class (2) live “活的” 常用于指動物，只能做前置定語； “現(xiàn)場直播的”，可做定語也可作表語； vt 生活，居?。?）living 活著的，有生命的，在世的； n 生計，謀生 living things make a living (4) alive “活著的” ，表語形容詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)，也可做后置定語或補(bǔ)語。(5) lovely 可愛的，美麗的，動人的，快樂的lovely voice 甜潤的聲音 lovely dinner可口的飯菜考點(diǎn)/

41、易錯點(diǎn)2重點(diǎn)短語 24 used to 過去常常， be used to do 被用來做 be used to doing 習(xí)慣于25 take up (1) 占去時間/精力Writing takes up most of his spare time. It wont take up much time. (2) 占據(jù)空間（面積） The table takes up too much room. (3) 繼續(xù)，接下去 Ill take up the story where I finished yesterday. (4) 開始從事 She took up painting when sh

42、e was a five-year-old girl.短語： take back 收回 take in 吸收，欺騙 take off起飛，成名，脫掉（衣服，鞋帽等） take for granted 認(rèn)為理所當(dāng)然 take away 帶走 take down 拆掉 take over接管 take place 發(fā)生 take on 呈現(xiàn)，雇傭 take part in 參加 take it easy 別緊張考點(diǎn)/易錯點(diǎn)3重點(diǎn)語法1 .recommend （1）“ 推薦，贊許,稱贊”常與介詞to , for , as 連用 recommendation (n) Ca。n you recommen

43、d a good dictionary to me?They recommend him for the job/ as a good lawyer.。 recommend doing He recommend a book on English study to me.recommend recommend sb to do sth recommend that 從句（用虛擬語氣）I recommend buying this dictionary.The doctor recommend his patient to go out for a walk.The teacher recomm

44、ended that everyone (should) take an active part in the English party. 相關(guān)用法：(1) advise sb to do sth allow sb to do sth permit sb to do sth forbid sb to do sth advising doing allowing doing permit doing forbid doing suggest doing (2) 后接賓語從句常用虛擬語氣的詞： advise, suggest, demand, desire, insist(堅持做) ，order

45、, require, command, urge, recommend 等2 . do you think 常做插入語，句子以特殊問詞開頭，且用陳述語序 What do you think her address is? （1） 類似的用法： do you believe , do you imagine, do you expect 等，但do you know 無此用法。（2）表示“相信，認(rèn)為”的結(jié)構(gòu)，常用 I think /suppose/ expect/ imagine/ hopeso .I suppose /expect/hope/ guess /believe not . I do

46、nt think so. (3)否定轉(zhuǎn)移結(jié)構(gòu)： think, believe, suppose, expect , feel , imagine 等 I dont think he will come here today. He doesnt feel he can stand it much longer.反義疑問句： 若主語是第一人稱，謂語動詞是 think, believe, suppose等時，反義問句的謂語動詞及主語要與從句保持一致。 I dont think he is serious, _?He doesnt feel it is wise to give a child wh

47、atever he want, _?例：Im sure youd rather she went to school by bus,_?A hadnt you B wouldnt you C arent I D didnt she3 (1) It /That/ This is/was the first/second time that .后接完成時從句。 It is the first time that I have come to Beijing. That was the last time that I had been there. (2) It is (high) time th

48、at 后接虛擬語氣（一般為過去時） It is time that I got up / went home. (3) for the first time ( 用做時間狀語) 與the first time （用做連詞，來引導(dǎo)從句） I came to his office for the first time. The first time he saw her , he fell in love with her.4 常見的強(qiáng)調(diào)句式：（1） 用do 的某種形式，強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語。 Do be careful!. He does work hard. I did tell you. E.g. Wh

49、at he does does do good to us.（2） 用only強(qiáng)調(diào)，特別用來強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語。Only in this way can you learn English well. (3) 用just，right，very 強(qiáng)調(diào)，強(qiáng)調(diào)名詞時，注意與冠詞的位置關(guān)系。 He is just the person to fit the job. This is the right book I have been looking for. He is the very boy who won the first prize. (4) It is/ was +被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分+that 從句，

50、強(qiáng)調(diào)人時可用who注：一般情況下it is +only when/if/not until等結(jié)構(gòu)均為強(qiáng)調(diào)句，后必有that 三、例題精析【例題1】 【題干】(1) There were a lot of people standing at the door and the small girl couldnt get _.(2006全國卷)A. between B. through C. across D. beyond(2) Hardly could he_this amount of work in such a short time. (2007天津)A. get through B.

51、 get offC. get into D. get down 【答案】B A 【解析】 get through 已考義項(xiàng)：通過;完成 待考義項(xiàng)：接通電話;到達(dá)get up 起床;get across 被理解，使通過; get back 回來，恢復(fù);get down 下來，寫下，開始做某事;get home 到家;get into 進(jìn)入，陷入;get off 下車(馬、船、飛機(jī));get on 上車(馬、船、飛機(jī));get out 出去;get to 到達(dá)，著手做某事【例題2】 【題干】You can take anything from the shelf and read, but ple

52、ase_the books when youve finished with them. (2004全國卷)A. put on B. put downC. put back D. put off 【答案】c 【解析】 put back 把放回去put待考短語：put aside 把某事放在一邊;put down 寫下，鎮(zhèn)壓;put in 投入，放進(jìn);put off 推遲;put on 穿上;put together 裝配;put up 張貼，舉起，建造，搭起，進(jìn)行;put up with 忍受【例題3】 【題干】Everybody in the village likes Jack becau

53、se he is good at telling and_jokes. (2005江蘇)A. turning up B. putting upC. making up D. showing up 【答案】c【解析】 make up 已考義項(xiàng)：編造待考義項(xiàng)：構(gòu)成;彌補(bǔ);化裝 四、課堂運(yùn)用【基礎(chǔ)】The idea puzzled me so much that I stopped for a few seconds to try to_ . (2003北京春季)A. make it out B. make it offC. make it up D. make it over【鞏固】Have you_some new ideas?Yeah. Ill tell you later. (2007