現在分詞講解

1、 現在分詞用法歸納現在分詞用法歸納 -馬老師馬老師v一、現在分詞的結構v二、現在分詞的結構含義v三、現在分詞的句法功能v四、獨立主格結構v五、現在分詞的主動表被動含義知識提綱知識提綱 主動形式主動形式被動形式被動形式一般式一般式doingdoingbeing donebeing done完成式完成式having donehaving donehaving been having been donedone否定式否定式 ：在現在分詞的前面直接加：在現在分詞的前面直接加not v1.現在分詞的主動式的一般式和完成式。一般式用來指和謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生的行為；完成式（having + 過去分

2、詞）用來指在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前發(fā)生的動作。如：vbeing a student, he was interested in books. vhaving studied in university for 3 years, he knows the way very well. 二、現在分詞的結構含義二、現在分詞的結構含義v2.現在分詞的被動式的一般式和完成式。當句子的主語是分詞動作的承受者時，分詞用被動語式；如果強調分詞的動作先于謂語的動作，就用分詞完成式被動形式。如：vthe question being discussed is important. vhaving been cr

3、iticized by the teacher, li ming gave up smoking. v【注注】：being done 不能作狀語v having been done 不能作定語v分詞不管充當什么成分，都和所修飾的名詞或者分詞不管充當什么成分，都和所修飾的名詞或者代詞或者句子的主語形成主謂關系。代詞或者句子的主語形成主謂關系。v1.作定語作定語v分詞短語作定語時，分詞短語放在被修飾的名詞之后；單個分詞作定語時，放在被修飾的名詞之前。相當于定語從句。如：vthe man standing by the windows is our teacher. （standing 和所修飾的m

4、an形成主謂關系）vin the following years he worked even harder. 三、現在分詞的句法功能三、現在分詞的句法功能 who is standing by the windows in the years that followed 【注注】分詞作前置定語分詞作前置定語(不同含義）不同含義） 1.下列由動詞變成形容詞化的分詞表達不同的含義。下列由動詞變成形容詞化的分詞表達不同的含義。v-ing表示他表示他人他物令人感到怎么樣。人他物令人感到怎么樣。v-ed本身自己感到怎么樣本身自己感到怎么樣。 interesting , interested ;exci

5、ting, excited; annoying, annoyed; amazing, amazed; amusing, amused ; astonishing, astonished; boring, bored; confusing, confused; disappointing, disappointed; encouraging, encouraged; embarrassing, embarrassed ; frightening, frightened; inspiring, inspired he had a _ (terrifying, terrified) look in

6、his eyes. the boy answered in a _ (frightening, frightened) voice. terrifiedfrightened his son was . the old man felt unhappy. his son was , so he regretted not having prepared much for the test. 2. 2.有些形容詞化的分詞表到不同的含義。有些形容詞化的分詞表到不同的含義。v-ingv-ing表示動作正在進行。表示動作正在進行。v-edv-ed表示動作已完成，不表被動。表示動作已完成，不表被動。 ri

7、sing/risen, rising/risen, falling/fallen, falling/fallen, developing /developeddeveloping /developed , , changing/ changed, changing/ changed, fading /fadedfading /faded, boiled/ , boiled/ boiling ,boiling ,drowning/ drowneddrowning/ drowned china is a china is a developingdeveloping country. ( coun

8、try. (發(fā)展中的發(fā)展中的) ) america is a america is a developeddeveloped country. country. （發(fā)達的）（發(fā)達的） disappointingdisappointedboiling waterboiled waterfading flowers faded flowersa drowning mana drowned man falling leavesfallen leavesa retired workeran escaped prisonerreturned students 正在沸騰的正在沸騰的已經沸騰過的已經沸騰過的

9、正在凋謝的正在凋謝的已經凋謝的已經凋謝的快要淹死的快要淹死的已經淹死的已經淹死的正在飄落的樹葉正在飄落的樹葉落落 葉葉退休工人退休工人逃犯逃犯 歸國留學生歸國留學生分詞作定語相當于定語從句分詞作定語相當于定語從句(1).the boy sitting under that tree is my brother. the boy who is sitting under that tree is my brother.i know the people building the house there.i know the people who are building the house th

10、ere the building completed last month is a bank the building that was completed last month is a bank the house being built over there is a shop. 被動,正在建 the house that is being built over there is a shop.the house built over there is a shop. （被動、已建好）the house that is built over there is a shop.v2 作表語

11、。如：作表語。如：vthe news is inspiring.v3.作賓語補足語。如：作賓語補足語。如：vwe saw the teacher making the experiment. v注意：在注意：在see，hear，watch，fell，observe，have，notice等動詞后，既可以用現在分詞構成復合賓語，也等動詞后，既可以用現在分詞構成復合賓語，也可以用不定式構成復合賓語，但兩者的含義是有區(qū)別的，可以用不定式構成復合賓語，但兩者的含義是有區(qū)別的，用現在分詞，表示動作正在發(fā)生（即處于發(fā)生的過程中，用現在分詞，表示動作正在發(fā)生（即處于發(fā)生的過程中，還沒有結束），用不定式表示動

12、作發(fā)生了（即動作全過還沒有結束），用不定式表示動作發(fā)生了（即動作全過程結束了）。如：程結束了）。如：vi saw the girl getting on the bus. vi saw the girl get into the car and drive off. v【注注】：“have + 賓語賓語 + 現在分詞現在分詞”表示主體表示主體使客體處于某狀態(tài)或干什么事；使客體處于某狀態(tài)或干什么事；“have + 賓語賓語 + 過去分詞過去分詞”表示動作是別人做的或與主體意志表示動作是別人做的或與主體意志無關。如：無關。如：vhe had his clothes washed. v（他叫別人洗了

13、衣服。）vwe had the fire burning all day. v（我們使火燃燒了一整天。） 1.語態(tài) 時態(tài) 含義：（主動與被動， 一般時與完成時， 時間狀語， 原因狀語， 方式/伴隨狀語 ，條件狀語， 結果狀語，讓步狀語） v2.主語一致性： 分詞語態(tài)與主句主語一致v3.避免重復連詞 v4.否定詞位置v5.有些動詞是被動結構主動含義v6.有些動詞分詞作為插入語v7.being done不做狀語4.作狀語作狀語v主語一致性主語一致性 動詞的現在分詞和過去分詞形式都動詞的現在分詞和過去分詞形式都可以引導一個分詞短語作句子的狀語。一般來說，可以引導一個分詞短語作句子的狀語。一般來說，不

14、管用現在分詞還是過去分詞作狀語，分詞的邏不管用現在分詞還是過去分詞作狀語，分詞的邏輯主語都應當與句子的實際主語保持一致。如：輯主語都應當與句子的實際主語保持一致。如：1.hearing the news, his tears rolled down his face. when he heard the news, his tears rolled down his face.2.watered in time, he could grow the flower better than before.watering the flower in time, he could grow the

15、flower better than before.watered in time, the flower could grow better than before.錯錯錯錯a.作時間狀語：作時間狀語：_ (wander) through the square, i caught sight of a snake-charmer. while i was wandering through the square, i caught sight of a snake-charmer.b.作原因狀語：作原因狀語： _(know) her address, we could get in touc

16、h with her. because we knew her address, we could get in touch with her. wanderingknowing c.方式方式/伴隨狀語伴隨狀語; she watched the film, _ (weep ) and _ (sigh). she watched the film, while she wept and sighedd.作條件狀語：作條件狀語： _ (play) all day, you will waste your valuable time. if you play all day, you will wa

17、ste your valuable time.weepingsighingplayingve.作結果狀語：作結果狀語：(意料中的結果意料中的結果) the hunters fired, _(shoot) one of the wolves. v區(qū)別區(qū)別: 不定式表示意外的結果不定式表示意外的結果 vhe hurried to the station, only _ (find) the train had left. vf.作讓步狀語：作讓步狀語： _ (rain) heavily, it cleared up very soon. though it rained heavily, it c

18、leared up very soon. shootingto findrainingv1、某些表示內在品質和性能的不及物動詞的非進行體、某些表示內在品質和性能的不及物動詞的非進行體形式，如：形式，如：lock(鎖鎖)， open(開開), clean（弄干凈（弄干凈, move（移動）（移動）, wash（洗）（洗）, sell（賣）（賣）, write（寫）（寫）, weigh（稱重）（稱重）, measure（量）（量）, read（讀）（讀）, shut（關）（關）, break（打碎）（打碎）, ride（騎）（騎）, wear（穿）（穿）, add up（加起來）等等（加起來）等等

19、, 句中往往用物作主語，且與一個行句中往往用物作主語，且與一個行為方式狀語（常用作行為方式狀語的副詞有：為方式狀語（常用作行為方式狀語的副詞有：well, easily, long, fast, smoothly, rough等等）連或用于否等等）連或用于否定，表示某物展示出的該動作的某一特性，該特性促使定，表示某物展示出的該動作的某一特性，該特性促使動作得以實現或難以實現。例如：動作得以實現或難以實現。例如：vglass breaks easily. 玻璃易打碎。玻璃易打碎。my pen writes smoothly. 我的鋼筆好寫。我的鋼筆好寫。this kind of car sell

20、s very well. 這種車銷路很好。這種車銷路很好。the material wont wear. 這種材料不經久耐用。這種材料不經久耐用。四、用主動表達被動含義的動詞四、用主動表達被動含義的動詞v2、某些表狀態(tài)的聯系動詞，如、某些表狀態(tài)的聯系動詞，如 look, smell, taste, feel, sound等等，它通常以形容詞作表等等，它通常以形容詞作表語，一般不跟副詞，不與語，一般不跟副詞，不與to be連用。連用。vcotton feels soft. 棉花摸起來很柔軟。棉花摸起來很柔軟。he looks blue. 他顯得神情沮喪。他顯得神情沮喪。this dish tas

21、tes delicious. 這道菜味道鮮美。這道菜味道鮮美。his conclusion sounded reasonable. 他的結他的結論聽起來很合理。論聽起來很合理。有些動詞看似被動用主動在用法上的體現 _ delicious, the soup was sold out sooner or later. a. to smell b. smelled c. smelt d. smelling_such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. a. having suffered b.

22、 suffering c. to suffer d. suffered da被動結構主動含義(括號中是對應的主動結詞） be seated (sit) , be dressed (wear), be devoted to (devote sth. to ) be involved in ， be addicted to be absorbed in ，be faced with (face/face up to) be convinced (believe) ， be occupied with be determined to ， be intended for based on (depe

23、nding on) be located in (lie in /stand in) be informed of (know) 對比1.the film was made based on a true old story. the film was made depending on a true old story. 2. devoted to his research, he almost forgot everything. devoting himself to his research, he almost forgot everything.3.the woman kept h

24、er eyes fixed on her baby for quite some time.the woman kept her eyes looking at her baby for quite some time.分詞作插入語分詞作插入語 但是也有分詞的邏輯主語與句子的實際主語不一致的情況，如：分詞作插入語的結構是固定的，意思上的主語并不是句子的主語。例如： generally speaking一般說來， talking of （speaking of） 說道 strictly speaking 嚴格的說 ， judging from 從判斷 all things considered

25、從整體來看 ， considering- 考慮到-taking all things into consideration全面看來 provided that-/ supposing that- 如果-例如：judging from his face, he must be ill.從他的臉色看，他一定是病了。 _the past, our life is becoming much better. a.comparing with b. be compared with b.c. to compare with d. compared withd有些動詞含義不同，同一動詞兩種語態(tài)1.cons

26、idering his age, he is not fit for the job. considered the best detective, he was sent to track down the assassin2. judging from past performances, he is not likely to do very well in his exams. judged unpractical, the plan was abandoned.v下面考考你，看你是否已經掌握了這一點。1._from his accent, he must be from austra

27、lia. a.judging b.judgedv2._innocent,he was set free. v a.judging b.judged3._the state of mind she was in, shed better stay at home. v a.considering b.considered4._most useful, english is studied by millions of people in the world. v a.considering b.considered5._to be the symbol of the nation, the gr

28、eat wall has been well preserved. va.considering b.considered ababb動詞三種形態(tài)比較_ (catch) the early bus, he got up early._ (catch) the early bus, and you cannot miss the meeting._ (catch) the early bus, you cannot miss the meeting.to catchcatchcatching 從句與主句主語不一致時使用 獨立結構獨立結構名詞名詞(代詞代詞) +現在分詞、過去分詞；現在分詞、過去分

29、詞；名詞名詞(代詞代詞)+形容詞；形容詞；名詞名詞(代詞代詞)+副詞；副詞；名詞名詞(代詞代詞)+不定式；不定式；名詞名詞(代詞代詞) +介詞短語構成介詞短語構成。 the letter having been written, he took it to the post when the letter had been written, he took it to the post no one being against it, we will adopt the proposal since no one is against it, we will adopt the proposa

30、l v1. _ no bus, we had to walk home. a. there was b. there being vc. because there being d.there werev2. _, ill go there with you tomorrow afternoon. a. time permits b. if time permitted c. time permitting d. times permitting3._, we all went home happily. a. goodbye was said b. goodbye had been said

31、 c. goodbye said d. when goodbye said 4. _, we all went swimming in high spirits. a. it being fine weather b. its being fine weather c. it was fine weather d. it being a fine weather 5._, i had to buy a new one. a. my dictionary losing b. my dictionary having been lost c. my dictionary had been lost

32、 d. because my dictionary lost 高考連接 6. _ production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year. a. as b. for c. with d. through 7. with a lot of work _, i have to sit up tonight. a. do b. doing c. done d. to do 8. he stood there silently, his lips_. a. trembling b. trembled c. were trembl

33、ing d. were trembling 9. _, her suggestion is of greater value than yours. a. all things considering b. all things considered c. all things were considered d. with all things were considered i. multiple choice:1. _ the distance was too long and the time was short, we decided not to drive to florida.

34、 a. discovering b. to discover c. to have discovered d. discovered 2. -hi, mary. would you like to go to the concert this evening? -sorry, tom. _ tomorrows lessons, i have no time to go out with you. a. not preparing b. not having prepared c. not to prepare d. being not prepared3. the building _ wil

35、l be completed in a month. it will be our lab building. a. to paint b. being painted c. to have painted d. painting 4. she reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rock by the side of the path. a. to have rested b. resting c. to rest d. rest 5. the english exam is not difficult, is it? _.

36、even tom _ to the top students failed in it. a. yes; belongs b. no; belonged c. yes; belonging d. no; belonging 6. .-what do you suppose made her worried? -_a gold ring. a. lose b. lost c. losing d. because of losing 7. do you feel like _ out? no. id rather we _ a taxi. a. to drive; take b. to drive

37、; took c. driving; take d. driving; took 8. at the end of 2004, there were around 6,000 foreign printing companies in china, _ up around 4 percent of national total. a. made b. to make c. making d. having made 10. - lucy doesnt seem to be what she was. - no_ so much in the war has made her more thou

38、ghtful. a.seen b. her seeing c. having seen d. to have seen 11. is there any possibility of the film_ in paris international festival? not in the least, because audience generally think little of it. a. trying out b. tried out c. to try out d. being tried out12.when she returned home, she found the

39、room lighting and _ a. entered b. entering c. to enter d. enter 13. how did you get in touch with mrs. green? well, it seems to me that youve forgotten _her telephone number the other day. a. to tell b. to have told c. telling d. being told 14. _several times, the young scientist still kept on makin

40、g his experiments. a. having been failed b. having failed c. though failed d. because of failure . 14. -what terrible weather! i simply cant get the car -why not try _ the engine with some hot water? a. starting; filling b. start; filling c. started; to fill d. to start; fill 15. thats the best way

41、you thought of_ into the dangerous areas a. stopping people getting b. to stop people getting c. to keep people getting d. prevent people from getting 16. _on the top of the mountain is an ancient tower _ back to 2 hundred years ago.a. standing; dating b. to stand; to datec. having stood; dating d.

42、stand; dated 1. the olympic games, 1. the olympic games, in 776 b.c, did not include women in 776 b.c, did not include women players until 1912.players until 1912. a. first playing b. to be first played a. first playing b. to be first played c. first played d. to be first playingc. first played d. t

43、o be first playing4. the boy lay on his back, with his teeth 4. the boy lay on his back, with his teeth ,his right hand,his right hand , , and his glaring eyesand his glaring eyes straight upward.straight upward. a. set, raising, looked b. set, raised, looking a. set, raising, looked b. set, raised,

44、 looking c. setting, raised, looked d. to set, raising, looking c. setting, raised, looked d. to set, raising, looking5._from space, our earth, with water 70% of its surface, appears as a “blue planet”. a. seeing, covering b. having seen, covered c. to see, covered d. seen, covering6. my brother lef

45、t the work half , for you can find many books scattered on the floor. a. done, lying b. doing, lain c. do , lay d. did, lie8. having been served lunch .a. the problem was discussed by the members of the clubb. the members of the club discussed the problemc. it was discussed by the members of the clu

46、bd. a discussion of the problem was made by the members9. he has lots of books, that he is still young. a. considering b. considered c. being considered d. our considering10. “ more attention, my pronunciation will be improved greatly.”, and “_more time, i will improve my pronunciation greatly”. a.

47、given, giving b. given, given c. giving, giving d. giving, given11. cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour. a. pay b. paying c. paid d. to pay13._is know to all, china will be an and powerful country in 20 or 30 year time. a. that, advancing b. this advanced c. as, advanced d. it, ad

48、vancing14. jack didnt get his bicycle soon enough at jacks, for john had a lot of bicycles _at the time. a. to be repaired, to repair b. repaired, to repair c. to repair, to be repaired d. to repair, repaired15. she felt rather that she should drive the car at such a speed. a. frightening, frightening b. frightened, frightened c. frightening, frightened d. frightened, frightening v16. the first textbook _ for teaching english as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. a.have written b. to be writtenb. c. being written d. writtenv17.