【英語(yǔ)】高二英語(yǔ)閱讀理解專(zhuān)項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練100(附答案)

1、【英語(yǔ)】高二英語(yǔ)閱讀理解專(zhuān)項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練 100（附答案）一、高中英語(yǔ)閱讀理解1 .閱讀理解Science is finally beginning to embrace animals who were, for a long time, considered second- class citizens.As Annie Potts of Canterbury University has noted, chickens distinguish among one hundred chicken faces and recognize familiar individuals even after

2、 months of separation. When given problems to solve, they reason: hens trained to pick colored buttons sometimes choose to give up an immediate food reward for a slightly later (and better) one. Healthy hens may aid friends, and mourn when those friend die.Pigs respond meaningful to human symbols. W

3、hen a research team led by Candace Croney at Penn State University carried wooden blocks marked with X and O symbols around pigs, only the O carriers offered food to the animals. The pigs soon ignored the X carriers in favor of the O's. Then the team switched from real-life objects to T-shirts p

4、rinted with X or O symbols. Still, the pigs walked only toward the O-shirted people: they had transferred their knowledge to a twodimensional format, a not inconsiderable feat of reasoning.I've been guilty of prejudiced expectations, myself. At the start of my career almost four decades ago, I w

5、as firmly convinced that monkeys and apes out-think and out-feel other animals. They're other primates( 靈長(zhǎng)目動(dòng)物 ),after all, animals from our own mammalian( 靈長(zhǎng)目動(dòng)物 ) class. Fairly soon, I came to see that along with our closest living relatives, whales too are masters of cultural learning, and elep

6、hants express profound joy and mourning with their social companions. Long-term studies in the wild on these mammals helped to fuel a viewpoint shift in our society: the public no longer so easily accepts monkeys made to undergo painful procedure in laboratories, elephants forced to perform in circu

7、ses, and dolphins kept in small tanks at theme parks.Over time, though, as I began to broaden out even further and explore the inner lives of fish, chickens, pigs, goats, and cows, 1 started to wonder: Will the new science of "food animals" bring an ethical (倫理的)revolution in terms of who

8、we eat? In other words, will our ethics start to catch up with the development of our science?Animal activists are already there, of course, committed to not eating these animals. But what about the rest of us? Can paying attention to the thinking and feeling of these animals lead us to make changes

9、 in who we eat?(1) According to Annie Potts, hens have the ability of A. interactionB. analysisC. creationD. abstraction(2) The research into pigs shows that pigs.A. learn letters quicklyB. have a good eyesightC. can build up a good relationshipD. can apply knowledge to new situations(3) Paragraph 4

10、 is mainly about.A. the similarities between mammals and humans 阻 the necessity of long-term studies on mammalsC. a change in people's attitudes towards animals D. a discovery of how animals expressthemselves(4) What might be the best title for the passage?A. The Inner Lives of Food AnimalsB. Th

11、e Lifestyles of Food AnimalsC. Science Reports on Food AnimalsD. A Revolution in Food Animals【答案】(1) BD (3) C (4) A 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，論述了動(dòng)物也有情感有思想，有一定的分析推理能力。人類(lèi)不應(yīng)只將它們當(dāng)作食物?？疾橥评砼袛?。根據(jù)第二段中的"When given problems to solve, they reason: hens trainedto pick colored buttons choose some times to give up an

12、 immediate food reward for a slightly later (and better) one”可知，當(dāng)解決問(wèn)題時(shí)，母雞們會(huì)推理：例如，受過(guò)挑選彩色紐扣的訓(xùn) 練的母雞們有時(shí)會(huì)選擇放棄即時(shí)的食物獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，換取稍晚一些(而且更好)的食物獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。由此可知，母雞們具備分析能力。故選Bo(2)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的"Piggespond meaningful to human symbols. When aresearch team led by Candace Croney at Penn State University carried wooden blocks

13、 marked with X and O symbols around pigs, only the O carriers offered food to the animals. The pigs soon ignored the X carriers in favor of the O's. Then the team switched from real-life objects to T-shirts printed with X or O symbols. Still, the pigs walked only toward the O-shirted people: the

14、y had transferred their knowledge to a two- dimensional format, a not inconsiderable feat of reasoning. 可知，一些研究者拿著帶X標(biāo)記的木板，一些研究者拿著帶O標(biāo)記的木板，只有拿帶O標(biāo)記木板的研究者給豬提供食物，豬很快就只理會(huì)這些研究者了。當(dāng)木板換成帶X和O標(biāo)記的襯衫時(shí)，豬仍然只走向那些穿帶O標(biāo)記襯衫的研究者。這表明豬將把知識(shí)轉(zhuǎn)移到了二維的形式，這是一種相當(dāng)大的推理壯舉。故選Do(3)考查段落大意。根據(jù)第四段中的"Athe start of my career almost four

15、 decades ago, I wasfirmly convinced that monkeys and apes out-think and out-feel other animals.Fairly soon, I came to see that along with our closest living relatives, whales too are masters of cultural learning, and elephants express profound joy and mourning with their social companions. Long-term

16、 studies helped fuel a viewpoint shift in our society: the public no longer so easily accepts monkeys made to undergo painful procedure kin laboratories, elephants forced to perform in circuses, and dolphins kept in small tanks at theme parks. 可知，數(shù)十年前，彳乍者堅(jiān)信猴子和猩 猩在思考能力和情感上都勝過(guò)其他的動(dòng)物。很快，作者就意識(shí)到除了猴子和猩猩，鯨魚(yú)

17、也 是文化學(xué)習(xí)的主人，大象也表現(xiàn)出高興等情感。長(zhǎng)期的研究也促進(jìn)著我們社會(huì)觀點(diǎn)的轉(zhuǎn) 變：我們不再認(rèn)為猴子只能是實(shí)驗(yàn)室里的實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象，大象只能在馬戲團(tuán)里進(jìn)行表演，海豚 只能被養(yǎng)在主題公園狹小的池子里。很明顯，本段介紹的是人們對(duì)動(dòng)物看法的轉(zhuǎn)變。故選Co(4)考查主旨大意。第一段提出：科學(xué)開(kāi)始擁抱原來(lái)被我們認(rèn)為是二等公民的動(dòng)物們(即：我們對(duì)某些動(dòng)物的看法正在發(fā)生變化)。第二和第三段以母雞和豬為例告訴讀者：通過(guò)科 學(xué)研究，母雞和豬也具備情感，也具備分析推理能力。第四段介紹了人們對(duì)動(dòng)物看法的轉(zhuǎn)變。第五和第六段呼吁讀者：動(dòng)物有自己的情感和思想，我們不要只將動(dòng)物當(dāng)成我們的食 物。結(jié)合每段大意可知，該文主要是圍繞

18、動(dòng)物也有情感有思想來(lái)展開(kāi)的。故選Ao【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及推理判斷。段落大意和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科普類(lèi)閱 讀，要求考生根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答 案。2 .閱讀理解A study showed that the experiences children have in their first few years are important. These experiences affect the development of the brain. When children receive more attention, they often

19、have higher IQs. Babies receive information when they see, hear and feel things, which makes connections between different parts of the brain. There are a hundred trillion(萬(wàn) 億)connections in the brain of a three-year-old child.Researcher Judit Gervain tested how good newborns are at distinguishing d

20、ifferent sound patterns. Her researchers produced images of the brains of babies as they heard different sound patterns. For example, one order was mu-ba-ba. This is the pattern"A-B-B". Another order was mu-ba-ge. This is the pattern-B-C” .The images showed that the part of the brain respo

21、nsiblefor speech was more active during the" A-B-B" pattern. This shows that babies can tell the difference between different patterns. They also were sensitive to where it occurred in the order.Gervain is excited by these findings because the order of sounds is the building block of words

22、 and grammar." Position is key to language," she says. "If something is at the beginning or at the end, it makes a big difference: John caught the bear.' is very different from 'The bear caught John.'"Researchers led by scientist Patricia Kuhl have found that language

23、 delivered by televisions, audio books, the Internet, or smartphones no matter how educational doesn't appear to be enough for children's brain development. They carried out a study of nine-month-old American babies. They expected the first group who'd watched videos in Chinese to show t

24、he same kind of learning as the second group who were brought face-to-face with the same sounds. Instead they found a huge difference. The babies in the second group were able to distinguish between similar Chinese sounds as well as native listeners. But the other babies regardless of whether they h

25、ad watched the video or listened to the audio learned nothing.(1) What makes connections in a baby's brain?A. Having a higher IQ.B. Experiencing new information.C. The baby' early age.D. The connection with other babies.(2) What did Judit Gervain and her team find in the experiment?A. Babies

26、 identify different sound patterns.B. Word order is relevant to meaning.C. Babies can well understand different words.D. A certain brain region processes language.(3) What does the underlined sentence mean in Paragraph 3?A. Grammar is important in learning languages.B. Different orders have differen

27、t meanings.C. Different languages have different grammar.D. Words have different sounds.（ 4） What is the main conclusion from the study led by Patricia Kuhl?A. Babies shouldn't watch a lot of television.B. Listening to different languages develops babies' brain.C. Foreign languages help babi

28、es' brain develop.D. Social communication improves babies' brain development.【答案】（ 1 ） B（ 2） A（ 3） B（ 4） D【解析】【分析】本文屬于科普文章，介紹小孩最初幾年的經(jīng)歷對(duì)大腦發(fā)育很重要，而媒介輸入對(duì)孩子大腦發(fā)育效果不明顯，最有效的是面對(duì)面語(yǔ)言輸入。（ 1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段Babies receive information when they see, hear and feel things,which makes connections between differen

29、t parts of the brain. 可知，嬰兒接收到不同信息，可以讓大腦不同部分形成連接，故選B。（ 2）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段The images showed that the part of the brain responsible forspeech was more active during the" A-B-B" pattern. This shows that babies can tell the difference between different patterns. 可知，實(shí)驗(yàn)表明嬰兒可以區(qū)別不同的聲音模式，故選A。（ 3）句意猜測(cè)題。根

30、據(jù)第三段"If something is at the beginning or at the end, it makes a bigdifference: 'John caught the bear.' is very different from 'The bear caught John.' 可知，有些東西放在句首和句尾，會(huì)有很大的不同，比如John抓住了熊，和熊抓住了John,意思是不一樣的，可知本句意思為位置對(duì)于語(yǔ)言來(lái)說(shuō)很重要的，順序不同，意思不同，故選B。（ 4）推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段Researchers led by scientis

31、t Patricia Kuhl have found thatlanguage delivered by televisions, audio books, the Internet, or smartphones no matter how educational doesn't appear to be enough for children's brain development. 可知，通過(guò)電視、網(wǎng)絡(luò)等媒介的語(yǔ)言教學(xué)，對(duì)于嬰兒大腦發(fā)展是不夠的，并且后面的實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，面對(duì)面的語(yǔ)言輸入才有效，故選D?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和句意猜測(cè)三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇說(shuō)明類(lèi)

32、閱讀，要求考生先從問(wèn)題中抓住關(guān)鍵性詞語(yǔ)（題眼），然后以此為線索，運(yùn)用略讀及查讀的技巧快速在文章中尋找與此問(wèn)題相關(guān)的：段落、語(yǔ)句，仔細(xì)品味，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行分 析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。3 閱讀理解Time:2017-01-24 From: Editor: cloverThe head of China's largest online seller Alibaba does not think China and the United States will have a trade war despite comments from the Trump adminis

33、tration.Jack Ma is the chairman of the Alibaba Group. At the World Economic Forum meeting in Davos,Switzerland, he said, "China and (the) U.S. will never have a trade war. Give Trump some time.He's open-minded, he's listening."The Chinese billionaire said he would do all he could t

34、o prevent trade relations between the countries from getting worse.Last week, Ma met with Trump at the Trump Tower in New York City. The Chinese billionaire is said to have discussed a plan to permit one million small U.S. businesses to sell goods on Alibaba's online shopping platform.During the

35、 campaign and after winning the presidential election, Trump strongly criticized the Chinese government's support for its businesses. He blamed unfair trade policies for taking away U.S. jobs. And he said that China unfairly controls the exchange value of its currency, the yuan.Trump also has th

36、reatened to place import taxes on goods from China and other countries in response to their trade policies.According to the South China Morning Post, Ma said, "American international companies made millions and millions of dollars from globalization." He added that the U.S. should not blam

37、e the loss of jobs and companies on globalization.However, a new study by an American business group says many U.S. businesses feel unwelcome in China. The companies say the cost of doing business in China is increasing. They add that rules and regulations are unclear or not enforced in a consistent

38、 way.The American Chamber of Commerce in China led the study, which looked at responses from 462 companies.William Zarit is chairman of the chamber. He says trade policies in China make it difficult for American companies. He says, "we feel that over the last few years that we've been taken

39、 advantage of to some extent, with our open market and the lack of open areas in the Chinese market."Another major concern for U.S. companies in China is fake products. Fake products are copies of the originals that cost businesses with the legal right to sell them millions of dollars each year

40、.Ma defended Alibaba's efforts to fight fake products on its shopping platform. He said his company is doing all it can to fight the problem."Fighting against fake products is a war against human greediness," Ma said.I'm Mario Ritter.(1) The underline phrase"The Chinese billio

41、nairefers to.A. TrumpB. Jack MaC. Mario RitterD. Willian Zarit(2) The text likely take from the.A. economic magazineB. trade speechC. websiteD. global news(3) About this passage, the most suitable title is"".A. Chinese Billionaire Does Not See China-US Trade WarB. The American internationa

42、l companies removed most tariffs on products traded between the U.S and ChinaC. Group says American businesses in China concernedD. The war about fighting against fake products 【答案】(1) BC3 3) A【解析】【分析】文章主要講述的是中國(guó)的億萬(wàn)富翁阿里巴巴集團(tuán)董事長(zhǎng)馬云表示盡管JI 普政府發(fā)表了不少批評(píng)言論，但是中美之間不會(huì)爆發(fā)貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)。他將盡一切努力防止兩國(guó)之 間的貿(mào)易關(guān)系惡化。(1 )推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可

43、知，劃線詞提到的"The Chinese billionaire指Jack Ma,即阿里巴巴集團(tuán)董事長(zhǎng)馬云，故選Bo(2 )推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章開(kāi)頭Time:2017-01-24 From: Editor: clover 及文章的時(shí)效性可知，此文來(lái)自網(wǎng)站，故選 Q(3 )主旨大意題。文章主要講述的是中國(guó)的億萬(wàn)富翁阿里巴巴集團(tuán)董事長(zhǎng)馬云表示盡管川 普政府發(fā)表了不少批評(píng)言論，但是中美之間不會(huì)爆發(fā)貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)。他將盡一切努力防止兩國(guó)之 間的貿(mào)易關(guān)系惡化。 A項(xiàng)能概括全文，故選 Ao【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查新聞報(bào)道類(lèi)短文閱讀。4 .閱讀理解Anxiety has now surpassed depressio

44、n as the most common mental health disease among college students, though depression, too, is on the rise. More than half of students visiting campus clinics cite anxiety as a health concern, according to a recent study of more than 100,000 students nationwide by the Center for Collegiate Mental Hea

45、lth at Penn State. Nearly one in six college students has been diagnosed with or treated for anxiety within the last 12 months, according to the annual national survey by the American College Health Association.The causes range widely, experts say, from mounting academic pressure at earlier ages to

46、overprotective parents to engagement with social media. Anxiety has always played a role in the development of a student's life, but now more students experience anxiety so acute that they are seeking professional help. Like many college clinics, the Center for Counseling and Psychological Servi

47、ces at the University of Central Florida (UCF) one of the country's largest and fastestgrowing universities, has seen sharp increases in the number of clients: 15.2 percent over last year alone.Anxiety has become characteristic of the current generation of college students, said Dan Jones, the d

48、irector of Counseling and Psychological Services at Appalachian State University in Boone, N. C. Because of increasingly pressures during high school, he and other experts say, students arrive at college preloaded with stress. Accustomed to extreme parental oversight, many seem unable to govern them

49、selves. And with parents so accessible, students have had less incentive to develop life skills."They can't tolerate discomfort or having to struggle," Dr Jones said.More often, anxiety is mild and temporary, the indication of a student under the control of a normal developmental issue

50、-learning time management, for example, or how to handle rejection from a sorority. Mild anxiety is often treatable with early, modest interventions. But to care for rising numbers of severely troubled students, many counseling centers have moved to triage protocols (分診措施 ).That means that students

51、with less urgent needs may wait several weeks for first appointments.Like many college counseling centers, UCF has designed a variety of daily workshops and therapy groups that implicitly and explicitly address anxiety, depression and their triggers. Next fall the center will test a new app for trea

52、ting anxiety with a seven-module cognitive behavioral program, accessible through a student's phone and augmented with brief videoconferences with a therapist. It also offers semester-long, 90- minute weekly therapy groups, such as“ Keeping Calmand in Control "二Mindfulnessfor Depression a n

53、d “ BuildingSocial Confidence -for students struggling with social anxiety.(1) Which of the following contributes to anxiety according to the text?A. Protection from teachers.B. An app in students' phones.C. Increasingly learning pressure.D. Management of time learning.(2) What does the underlin

54、ed word aincentive " in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Prevention.B. Motivation.C. Acquisition.D. Direction.(3) What's the purpose of those therapy groups mentioned in the last paragraph?A. To help students suffering anxiety.B. To test what social anxiety is.C. To introduce the cognitive beha

55、vioral program of UCF.D. To emphasize the importance of calm and confidence.(4) Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A. Tips on dealing with anxietyB. Causes of anxiety and depressionC. Different mental diseases threaten college studentsD. College mental health centers overbur

56、dened with anxious students【答案】(1) CB(3) A(4) D【解析】【分析】焦慮癥已經(jīng)超越抑郁癥成為大學(xué)生中最常見(jiàn)的心理健康問(wèn)題，文章分析 焦慮可能產(chǎn)生的原因，以及某些大學(xué)為此采取的措施。(1)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容The causes range widely, experts say, from mounting academic pressure at earlier ages to overprotective parents to engagement with social media（專(zhuān)家稱(chēng)焦慮癥的原因多種多樣，從早年積累下來(lái)的學(xué)業(yè)壓力、家長(zhǎng)

57、的過(guò)度保護(hù)到對(duì)社交 媒體的強(qiáng)迫性依賴）可知，C項(xiàng)（增加的學(xué)習(xí)壓力）會(huì)導(dǎo)致焦慮，故選Co（2）詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)上句內(nèi)容Accustomed to extreme parental oversight, many seemunable to govern themselves.（很多學(xué)生都習(xí)慣于父母無(wú)微不至的監(jiān)督，幾乎沒(méi)有自制能 力。）故這里遞進(jìn)的句子And with parents so accessible, students have had less incentive todevelop life skills.（由于家長(zhǎng)總在身邊，學(xué)生們普遍缺乏學(xué)習(xí)獨(dú)立生活技能的。） , B項(xiàng) 動(dòng)力”最

58、符合語(yǔ)境，故劃線單詞意思為動(dòng)力”，選Bo（3）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)本段表述的內(nèi)容：像許多大學(xué)的心理咨詢中心一樣，U.C.F也設(shè)置了多種日常研討會(huì)和治療小組，以直接或間接的方式解決焦慮、抑郁問(wèn)題及其觸發(fā)源。明 年秋天，該中心將對(duì)一種新的擁有七個(gè)模塊的認(rèn)知行為療法應(yīng)用程序進(jìn)行測(cè)試，學(xué)生可以 通過(guò)手機(jī)獲取該應(yīng)用，并可與治療師進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)短的視頻談話。故這些治療小組的目的時(shí)為了 幫助那些患焦慮癥的學(xué)生。故選Ao（4）主旨大意題。通讀全文可看出，文章介紹了焦慮癥已經(jīng)成為美國(guó)大學(xué)生中最常見(jiàn)心理 問(wèn)題，大學(xué)的心理咨詢中心已經(jīng)超負(fù)荷，故選D作為標(biāo)題最合適。(5) 讀理解Should we allow modern bu

59、ildings to be built next to older buildings in a historic area of a city? In order to answer this question, we must first examine whether people really want to preserve the historic feel of an area. Not all historical buildings are attractive. However, there may be other reasonsfor example, economic reasons why they should be preserved. So, let us assume that historical buildings are both attractive and important to the majority of people. What should we do then if a new b