鋁及鋁合金的耐腐蝕性研究英文

1、河南工程學院專業(yè)英語考查課專業(yè)論文Corrosion resistance of aluminum andaluminum alloys2015 年 11 月 15 日Corrosion resistance of aluminum andaluminum alloysYanghanDepartment of College of Mechanical EngineeringHenan Institute of Engineering605564494Abstract：The failure caused by the corrosion-wear of molten aluminum and

2、 its alloys is one of the main problems in aluminum industry. In this work, the resistance behavior of various materials, including Fe-based alloys, ceramics and corresponding high apparatus of corrosion-wear in molten aluminum and its alloys, were reviewed. The synergistic effect of corrosion and w

3、ear was discussed based on corrosion and wear mechanics. The effects of dynamic agitation due to rotating of friction pairs, physical property of liquid metal and size of grain etc., on the corrosion-wear resistance performance were investigated. In addition, the characteristics of corrosion-wear re

4、sistance performance of materials in molten aluminum and its alloy were summarized. According to our recent progress referred to kinds of materials, especially a TiAl3/Ti3AlC2/Al2O3 composite, the ceramics/metal composites with a co-continuous structure will be of great advantage in the field of cor

5、rosion-wear environment of molten aluminum and its alloys.Key Words： molten aluminum; aluminum alloy; corrosion; wear; synergistic effect1 IntroductionCorrosion-wear is one of the extreme states present in engineering process. Different from corrosion-wear in aqueous media which have been found prim

6、arily based on an electro-chemical process, the corrosion-wear in molten metal involves not only the corrosion caused by the high temperature molten metal, but also the synergistic effect between corrosion and wear, which results in much greater material losses than the simple sum of losses by eithe

7、r process alone. It is in fact a kind of mechanicalphysicalchemical process that involves dissolution, diffusion, reactions in solid and liquid, wear and interaction among them.The changes in microstructure surface morphology, and composition of the interface between solid and liquid during this pro

8、cess degrade the physical and mechanical properties of the structure materials sharply . Molten aluminum and its alloys are one of the most aggressive metal melts due to their high chemical activity with nearly all metals and metal oxides . Therefore, the solid contamination and system failure resul

9、ting from corrosion-wear of molten aluminum are unavoidable in the aluminum1.2 Aluminum and Aluminum alloysAluminum is a white light metal. Have ductility. Products are often made of rod, sheet, foil, powder, ribbon and filamentous. A layer of oxide film that prevents metal corrosion in wet air. The

10、 content of aluminum in the earth's crust is third only to oxygen and silicon, and it is the most abundant metal element in the earth's crust. The development of three major industries of aviation, construction, and automobile requires that the characteristics of materials have unique proper

11、ties of aluminum and its alloys, which is greatly beneficial to the production and application of this new metal aluminum. Application is very extensive.2.1 The Category(1) Wrought aluminum alloyHigh strength, large specific strength and suitable for plastic forming of aluminum alloy2.Deformation of

12、 aluminum alloy is also divided into:industrial pure aluminumheat treated aluminum alloyheat treated aluminum alloy(2) Cast aluminum alloyThe aluminum alloy which is suitable for filling the mold to obtain a certain shape and size of the casting blank.Casting aluminum alloy:Al Si AlloysAl Cu alloyAl

13、 Mg alloyAluminum zinc alloy2.2 The GradeSee sheet 1 for details.Sheet1.The Grade of Aluminum and Aluminum alloysGroupBrand SeriesPure aluminum1XXXAluminum alloy with copper as the main alloying element2XXXAluminum alloy with manganese as the main alloying element3XXXAluminum alloy with silicon as t

14、he main alloying element4XXXAluminum alloy with magnesium as the main alloying element5XXXMagnesium and silicon as the main alloying elements and Mg2Si phase as the strengthening phase of the aluminum alloy6XXXAluminium alloy with zinc as the main alloying element7XXXAluminum alloy with other alloy

15、elements as the main alloying elements8XXXSpare alloy group9XXX3 Anodic oxidation surface treatmentThe surface treatment of aluminum and its alloy is mainly based on the anodic oxidation. The anodic oxide film is hard, and its corrosion resistance, heat resistance, insulation and adsorption capacity

16、 are also better. In spite of this, the anodic oxide film in a corrosive environment, still may lead to corrosion, especially small hole corrosion and other local corrosion, so that the use of the life of aluminum device has greatly reduced, even using a very short time to complete failure. Most of

17、the aluminum anodic oxidation using sulfuric acid solution, the formation of a larger membrane pores, resulting in surface roughness, reducing the film's corrosion resistance. In measuring the membrane resistance method and electrochemical method has the advantages of fast and direct. In previou

18、s studies is rarely reported, this work mainly used electrochemical method of adding glycerol of anodic oxide film on aluminum alloy corrosion resistance3.3.1 Experment3.1.1 Preparation of anodic oxide film and postprocessingProcessing technology of aluminum anodic oxidation process: aluminum remova

19、l of natural oxide film, chemical polishing, chemical polishing, anodic oxidation, and thermal sealing. Oil removal condition: 30g/L NaOH, 25g/L Na2CO3 and 70, 2min. Remove the oxide film process: 250ml/L HNO3, room temperature, chemical polishing process for 5min.: 800ml/L H3PO4, inhalation of 30ml

20、/L HNO3 and 75 3min4. The conventional sulfuric acid solution as oxidizing liquid, anodic oxidation process is as follows:150ml/L H2SO4, 45 to 20ml/L additive glycerol, time 60min.8 to 12V voltage, cathode lead, room temperature, coloring in 50 60,2.5% alizarin red solution. Finally, in hot water.3.

21、1.2 Performance detectionThe CHI604 electrochemical testing system to test the electrochemical behavior: a three electrode system, the reference electrode and saturated calomel electrode (SCE), the auxiliary electrode is a platinum (PT) electrode, anodic aluminum oxide as the electrode; in 3.5% NaCl

22、 solution Determination of polarization curve and in anodic oxide film at the open circuit potential measurement of AC impedance study of anodic oxide film on corrosion resistance, AC impedance measurements in the frequency range 0.01 100.00KHZ and by scanning electron microscopy (SUPER35) observed

23、the surface morphology of anodic oxide film. By measuring samples before and after the film micrometer size, the average value of 3 measurements.3.2 Result and analysis Effect of oxidation current density on the corrosion resistance of oxide film.No additive, different current density of the oxide f

24、ilm in sheet 2.Sheet2.Effect of current density on thickness and color of oxide filmJ/(A/dm2)0.31.73.35.010.0d/(·m)920353434colorPinkPinkDark redDark redDark redPolarization curves of the oxide films are shown in figure 1.Figure 1.Effect of oxidation current density on polarization curve of oxi

25、dation filmFrom Figure 1,the corrosion resistance of the oxide film is best when the current density is 3.3A/dm2.This is mainly due to the formation of the film thickness and dense, with good corrosion resistance;the flow density is too small, the film is slow, the film is dense but thinner, so the

26、corrosion resistance is poor; current density is too high (more than 3.3A/dm2), the thermal effect of the oxide film increases, and the oxide film is dissolved, and the corrosion resistance is decreased.The results of the AC impedance measurement of the oxide film under different current densities a

27、re shown in figure 2. According to the complex plane method for impedance values of anodic aluminum oxide. Can be seen from Figure 2: capacitive arc impedance curve only high frequency region. Current density from 0.3, 1.7,3.3A/dm2 in turn increases, the diameter of a semicircular curve Dr respectiv

28、ely 2010, 6003, 4600·cm2.And its value increases gradually, namely the AC impedance of the oxide film increased gradually; current density more than 3.3A/dm2 electrochemical impedance spectrum curve of the semicircle diameter Dr respectively for 4000 and 2600 ·cm2, and 3.3 A/dm2 value the

29、AC impedance of the film is decreased compared with that of the film. Therefore, when the current density is 3.3A/dm2, the AC impedance of the oxide film is the largest, and the corrosion resistance is the best5.Figure 2. Effect of oxidation current density on the AC impedance of oxide film4 Corrosi

30、on-wear resistance performance of other materials4.1 IntermetallicsIn recent years, increasing research interest has been seen in the development of IMCs. Intermetallics constitute a unique class of materials that have many exciting and advantageous properties in a wide variety of applications. A nu

31、mber of IMCs are also being developed for use in structural applications. Some examples of these materials include Ni3Al, NiAl, Fe3Si,and FeSi. Different FeSi IMCs were fabricated by mechanical alloying and annealing treatment, and FeSi had the best anticorrosion ability in molten Al, SiC was the ne

32、xt and Fe3Si was the worst. However, the manufacturing process of IMCs is very complex and cost-intensive.4.2 CeramicsCeramics including graphite, aluminosilicate refractories, AlN, Si3N4, and Al2O3 are widely used for aluminum melting applications. Refractories for dealing with molten Al face sever

33、e corrosion and degradation issues due to the extremely reducing nature of molten Al.Refractory corrosion results in the recession of hot face(working surface) due to chemical reaction and molten metal penetration. Therefore, the focus of refractory development has shifted to minimize aluminum attac

34、k and subsequent molten metal penetration using non-wetting additives such as BaSO4,SrSO4 and AlPO4. The corrosion resistance of ceramics can also be improved by decreasing the porosity and controlling their grain size to close open cracks in the molten Al. The knowledge gained in this project has e

35、nabled the development of some new materials that exhibit excellent corrosion and wear resistance. One material is a castable refractory based on calcium aluminate (bonite) (CaO·6Al2O3 ), the other material is an alumina/silicon carbide composite material (approximately 53% SiC, 35% Al2 O3, and

36、 12% Al or 12% Si, mass fraction). It is also an aluminasilicon carbide composite refractory containing a continuous microscopic network of interpenetrating microscopic scaled ceramic and metallic phases . However, its low toughness makes ceramics hard for the fabrication of complex components, wher

37、e stress-bearing is a requirement .5 SummaryThis article reviews recent progress in corrosion-wear resistance performance of materials in molten Al and its alloys. In addition, the test apparatus of corrosion-wear in molten metal is also reviewed. The considerable volume of research on corrosion-wea

38、r of metals by molten Al and its alloys can be ascribed to the historical interest in the aluminum industry (such as casting,die-casting and hot-dip-aluminizing). Corrosion- wear is a tribological process where the total material removal results in simultaneous mechanical wear and chemical corrosion

39、.The two material-removal mechanisms depend on each other in a complicated way, and the total material removal rate is usually not simply the sum of the corrosion rate and the wear rate measured in separate experiments. Corrosion is speeded up by wear, and wear is speeded up by corrosion. The synerg

40、ism where both corrosion and wear are significantly increased by the interactions between them can significantly increase total material losses in molten aluminum environments.Therefore, the damage to materials due to the coexistence of corrosion and wear has a significant impact on economics of eng

41、ineering systems both directly and indirectly in terms of material loss and associated equipment downtime for repair and replacement of corroded and worn components6.In the last decade, the corrosion-wear resistance performance of a large diversity of materials has been researched in molten Al and i

42、ts alloys, including metals,such as Fe-based alloys and Co-based alloys, intermetallics, high entropy alloys, ceramics and metal/ceramic composites. Among the materials used in aluminum industry, some refractory metals such as W, Ti and Nb, and ceramics/metal composites, especially in a co-continuou

43、s structure, have excellent corrosion-wear resistance properties. However, the refractory metals such as W, Ti and Co, are very expensive, which limits the application in modern aluminum industry. Generally, a reaction layer composed of intermetallic compounds is formed at the interface of metal and

44、 molten Al, which plays an important role in the corrosion-wear resistance. The solubility, thickness, density, hardness and adhesion to substrate have a great effect on the corrosion-wear resistance performance of materials. Although the ferrous alloys like H13 steel, which are widely used in the a

45、luminum industry, can be easily attacked by molten Al and its alloys, to some extent, the lifetime of them can be improved by alloying elements and multi-phase structure. As for the ceramics/metal composites, maybe, the co-continuous construction will make it possible.References:1 Li Shu&#

46、160;li. Research progress of functional aluminum and its application J. Portland bulletin, 2005, (05).2 Fu Mei. Research and development of new functional aluminum an aluminum alloys, 2

47、007, (12).3 Li Long tu. Research and application advances of functional metal. J. materials development oriented, 2003, (05).4 Huang Yu, Liao Zhi. Chinese mental.2005, 41 (01)

48、.5 Zhang xian man, Chen wei pingReview on corrosion-wear resistance performance of materials in molten aluminum and its alloys.Transactions of Nonferrous Metal Society of China .2012,12(08).6 Yao Si tong.Corrosion resistance of aluminum and aluminum alloy anodic oxide film.2013,06評 定 項 目分

49、值成 績1、選題：科學實用，有新穎性，屬于材料科學與工程范疇具體而不空泛。102、論點：論文論點正確，觀點鮮明，主題突出。203、論文結(jié)構(gòu)：論文結(jié)構(gòu)合理，層次清晰，邏輯性強。204、論證：獨立思考問題并完成論文，能夠理論聯(lián)系實際，論文內(nèi)容充實，論證嚴密，引用的數(shù)據(jù)或資料詳實可靠。305、創(chuàng)新：有新意。106、寫作規(guī)范：符合學術(shù)論文的基本體例，語言通順，篇幅適當，格式規(guī)范。10總成績： 教師： 時間： 附中文原文：鋁和鋁合金的耐腐蝕性能研究摘要：鋁合金的腐蝕磨損造成的故障，其合金是鋁工業(yè)的主要問題之一。在這項工作中，各種材料，包括鐵系合金，陶瓷和相應的高性能的合金，其合金的腐蝕磨損行為，進行了審

50、查。以腐蝕磨損機理為基礎，探討了腐蝕與磨損的協(xié)同效應。研究了摩擦副的旋轉(zhuǎn)、液相金屬的物理性能和晶粒尺寸等對動攪拌摩擦磨損性能的影響。并對鋁合金熔體中材料的耐腐蝕磨損性能進行了總結(jié)。根據(jù)我們的最新進展，稱各種材料，尤其是TiAl3 / Ti3AlC2Al2O3復合陶瓷/金屬復合材料，共連續(xù)結(jié)構(gòu)會在熔鋁及其合金的腐蝕磨損環(huán)境領域是偉大的優(yōu)勢。關鍵詞：鋁合金；鋁合金；腐蝕；磨損；協(xié)同效應1引言腐蝕磨損是目前工程過程中的一個極端狀態(tài)。不同于水介質(zhì)中的腐蝕磨損，已發(fā)現(xiàn)主要是基于電化學過程中，在熔融金屬的腐蝕磨損不僅涉及腐蝕所造成的高溫熔融金屬，但也有協(xié)同效應之間的腐蝕和磨損，這導致了更大的材料損失比單純

51、的損失的簡單總和單獨處理。它實際上是一種機械的物理化學過程，涉及溶解，擴散，在固體和液體反應，其中磨損和互動。在組織表面形態(tài)的變化，在這個過程中，固體和液體之間的界面成分降解的物理和力學性能的結(jié)構(gòu)材料大幅。熔融鋁及其合金是一種最具攻擊性的金屬熔體，由于其高的化學活性，幾乎所有的金屬和金屬氧化物。因此，鋁合金熔體中的固體污染物和系統(tǒng)故障是不可避免的，因此，鋁合金的腐蝕磨損導致的系統(tǒng)失效是不可避免的1。2鋁及鋁合金鋁是一種白色的輕金屬。有延展性。產(chǎn)品通常由棒、板材、箔、粉、帶狀和絲狀制成。在潮濕空氣中防止金屬腐蝕的一層氧化膜。地殼中的鋁含量僅為氧和硅第三，是地殼中最豐富的金屬元素。航空、建筑、汽車

52、等三大產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展要求，材料具有獨特的鋁及其合金的特性，這對新型金屬鋁的生產(chǎn)和應用具有重要的應用。應用非常廣泛。2.1類（1）變形鋁合金強度高，比強度大，適合鋁合金塑性成形 2 。鋁合金變形也分為：工業(yè)純鋁熱處理鋁合金熱處理鋁合金（2）鑄造鋁合金適用于填充模具的鋁合金，以獲得一定形狀和尺寸的鑄件毛坯。鑄造鋁合金：Al-Si合金Al-Cu合金鋁鎂合金鋁鋅合金2.2級詳情見表1。表1.鋁及鋁合金的等級類別系列純鋁1XXX以銅作為主要合金元素的鋁合金2XXX以錳為主要合金元素的鋁合金3XXX以硅為主要合金元素的鋁合金4XXX以鎂為主要合金元素的鋁合金5XXX鎂和硅為主要合金元素和Mg2Si相為強化相的

53、鋁合金6XXX以鋅為主要合金元素的鋁合金7XXX與其他合金元素為主要合金元素的鋁合金8XXX備用合金組9XXX3陽極氧化表面處理鋁及其合金表面處理主要是基于陽極氧化。陽極氧化膜的耐蝕性、耐熱性、保溫性和吸附能力也比較好。盡管如此，陽極氧化膜在腐蝕環(huán)境中，仍可能會導致腐蝕，特別是小孔腐蝕等局部腐蝕，使鋁合金的使用壽命大大降低，甚至用很短的時間來完成故障。大部分鋁陽極氧化使用硫酸溶液，形成較大的膜孔，從而導致表面粗糙度，降低了薄膜的耐腐蝕性。在測量膜電阻法和電化學方法中具有快速和直接的優(yōu)點。在以往的研究中鮮有報道，這項工作主要采用電化學方法添加甘油的陽極氧化膜對鋁合金的耐腐蝕性 3 。3.1實驗3

54、.1.1陽極氧化膜的制備及后處理鋁陽極氧化工藝處理技術(shù)：天然氧化膜、化學拋光、化學拋光、陽極氧化、熱封等鋁的去除。除油條件：30gL NaOH，Na2CO3和7025g/L，2min。除去氧化膜的過程：250mlL硝酸，室溫5min，化學拋光工藝。：800mlL磷酸，吸入30ml/L HNO3和753min 4 。傳統(tǒng)的硫酸溶液為氧化液，陽極氧化過程如下：150mlL H2SO4，4 5至20mlL加甘油，時間60min。8到12V電壓，陰極引線，室溫，著色50 60，2.5%茜素紅溶液。最后，在熱水中3min4。3.1.2性能檢測電化學工作站電化學測試系統(tǒng)測試的電化學一三電極系統(tǒng)，參考電極，飽和甘汞電極（SCE），輔助電極是鉑（Pt）電極，陽極氧化鋁作為電極的極化曲線；在3.5%的NaCl溶液中測定陽極氧化膜在腐蝕陽極氧化物膜的交流阻抗研究開路電位的測量，通過掃描電子顯微鏡在頻率范圍0.01 100.00khz和交流阻抗測量（Super35）觀察陽極氧化膜的表面形貌。通過測量樣品前后的薄膜微米大小，平均值為3個測量值。