非謂語動詞作定語(講)

1、非謂語動詞作定語非謂語動詞作定語高考對非謂語動詞作定語的考查主要包括高考對非謂語動詞作定語的考查主要包括以下幾個方面的內容：以下幾個方面的內容： 1不定式作定語；不定式作定語； 2-ing分詞作定語；分詞作定語； 3-ed分詞作定語。分詞作定語。 【典型例題】【典型例題】 1(北京北京2000, 單項填空單項填空)The picture _ on the wall is painted by my nephew. A. having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung 正確答案：正確答案：B 根據(jù)題干判斷，句中需要一個根據(jù)題干判斷，句中需要一個既作定語

2、又表狀態(tài)的非謂語動詞，所以選既作定語又表狀態(tài)的非謂語動詞，所以選B。 B 2（NMET97，單項填空），單項填空）The Olympic Games,_in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing 正確答案：正確答案：C 此題考查分詞作非限制性定此題考查分詞作非限制性定語的用法，有被動意義，動作已完成，所語的用法，有被動意義，動作已完成，所以選以選C。 3（NMET94，單項填

3、空），單項填空）The first text books _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written 正確答案：正確答案：D 此題考查分詞的限制性定語此題考查分詞的限制性定語用法，其他與例用法，其他與例2類似，所以選類似，所以選D 1不定式作定語 不定式作定語常用于不定代詞或被不定式作定語常用于不定代詞或被the first/next/only/last等修飾的名詞

4、和其他一等修飾的名詞和其他一些名些名 詞、代詞之后。其中，詞、代詞之后。其中， 一般式一般式: 將來或經常性的動作將來或經常性的動作， 完成式完成式: 該動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動該動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前作之前。 例如：例如：She is always the first (one) to come and the last to leave. 如果作定語的不定式與被修飾的名詞有如果作定語的不定式與被修飾的名詞有動賓關系動賓關系,在不及物動詞后通常要加上適當?shù)脑诓患拔飫釉~后通常要加上適當?shù)慕樵~介詞. 例如：例如：Lets first find a room to live in

5、/ to put the things in. We have nothing to worry about.(=There is nothing for us to worry about.) 不定式作定語修飾一個在邏輯上是其賓不定式作定語修飾一個在邏輯上是其賓語名詞時語名詞時,若在句子中能找到該不定式的邏若在句子中能找到該不定式的邏輯主語輯主語, 則該不定式多用主動表被動，否則，則該不定式多用主動表被動，否則，用被動式。用被動式。 例如：例如：I have a lot of things to do today. ( I . do . things) Have you got anythi

6、ng to say at the meeting? ( you. say . anything) Here is a letter to be taken to Mr. Li. 在在there be句型中，有時用主動式或被動式意思句型中，有時用主動式或被動式意思不同。不同。 比較：比較：There is nothing to do at present. (=We have nothing to do at present.) There is nothing to be done at present. (= We can do nothing at present.) 2-ing分詞作定語

7、 單個的單個的-ing分詞作定語一般前置分詞作定語一般前置,說明名詞的說明名詞的性質、特征或用途等性質、特征或用途等, -ing短語短語作定語作定語一般后置一般后置； 強調動作的單個強調動作的單個-ing分詞也常后置分詞也常后置。 例如：例如：a sleeping car ( = a car for sleeping ) a sleeping child ( = a child who is sleeping ) the boy standing there ( = the boy who is standing there ) The girl singing is my classmate

8、. -ing分詞作定語一般要求分詞作定語一般要求其動作與謂語其動作與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生或是在說話時或是在說話時該動作該動作正正 在進行在進行，否則，要用，否則，要用從句從句作定語。作定語。 例如：例如：Do you know the boy talking ( = who is talking ) to the teacher? Did you notice the boy sitting ( = who was sitting ) at this desk yesterday? The man shaking ( = who is now shaking )

9、 hands with Mr. Li visited our class yesterday. 比較：比較： 誤誤：He is the man visiting our class yesterday. 正正：He is the man who visited our class yesterday. 3-ed分詞作定語 -ed分詞作定語一般表示一個分詞作定語一般表示一個被動被動或或已完成已完成動動作作, -ing分詞表示一個分詞表示一個主動主動或或正在進行正在進行的動作的動作, -ing分詞的被動式分詞的被動式則表示一個則表示一個正在被進行正在被進行的動的動作。作。 例如：例如：a deve

10、loped/developing country He is a student loved by all the teachers. The building being built will be the third Teaching Building of our school. 4像定語從句一樣，分詞作定語也有非限像定語從句一樣，分詞作定語也有非限制性的，其作用相當于一個非限制性定語制性的，其作用相當于一個非限制性定語從句。從句。 例如：例如：The students, wearing their school uniforms, marched into the playground

11、. The substance, discovered almost by accident,has greatly changed the world. 【知識過關】【知識過關】 1. The computer center,_last year, is very popular among the students. in the school. A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened B 2. Most of the artists _ to the party were from South Africa. A. invited B.

12、 to invite C. being invited D. had been invited A 3. There was a terrible noise _ the sudden burst of light. A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed B 4. Do you know the boy_ under the big tree? A. lay B. lain C. layingD. lying D 5. Are you going to attend the meeting _ tomorrow? A. to be held B. being held C. will be held D. held A 6. I like most of the books _ in this _ house. A. publishing, publishing B. published, published C. published, publishing D. publishing, published C 7. This is one of t