2016短文改錯近三年改錯特點(diǎn)及分類錯誤解題指南

1、短文改錯考情表解考情表解高考英語短文改錯，考察學(xué)生綜合運(yùn)高考英語短文改錯，考察學(xué)生綜合運(yùn)用英語語言的能力，從歷年短文改錯用英語語言的能力，從歷年短文改錯來看，學(xué)生失分仍很多，下面談?wù)劧虂砜?，學(xué)生失分仍很多，下面談?wù)劧涛母腻e解題技巧。文改錯解題技巧。短文改錯常見考點(diǎn)設(shè)置短文改錯常見考點(diǎn)設(shè)置考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)1：名詞名詞命題特點(diǎn)命題特點(diǎn):1. 注意可數(shù)名詞單、復(fù)數(shù)形式的用注意可數(shù)名詞單、復(fù)數(shù)形式的用法錯誤。法錯誤。 2.注意不可數(shù)名詞不能用復(fù)數(shù)形式。注意不可數(shù)名詞不能用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 3. 記住?？嫉膸讉€不可數(shù)名詞：記住常考的幾個不可數(shù)名詞： advice, fun, progress, information

2、, furniture, equipment, luggage/baggage等。等。改正方法改正方法:(1)根據(jù)名詞前的修飾限定成份根據(jù)名詞前的修飾限定成份 (2)根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系. 名詞當(dāng)堂練名詞當(dāng)堂練例例1give me some advices on how to write like a real writer.例例2Christie was one of my best friend at high school.advice例例3.They want me to devote all my time to my studies so that Ill ge

3、t marks in all my subject.例例4.Now we can get millions of informations from the Internet.例例7.We have made great progresses with Mr. Liu teaching us.subjectsinformationfriendsprogress1.1.只修飾可數(shù)名詞：只修飾可數(shù)名詞： a large/great number of, a good/great many, dozens/scores of, quite a few2.只修飾不可數(shù)名詞：只修飾不可數(shù)名詞：a gre

4、at deal of, a large amount of, quite a little3.零冠詞：零冠詞： 1）三餐、季節(jié)和學(xué)科）三餐、季節(jié)和學(xué)科 2）表職務(wù)、頭銜的表語、同位語或補(bǔ)足語）表職務(wù)、頭銜的表語、同位語或補(bǔ)足語 3） 球類運(yùn)動和棋類游戲球類運(yùn)動和棋類游戲 4） by+交通工具交通工具 補(bǔ)充知識點(diǎn)補(bǔ)充知識點(diǎn) 考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)2：代：代詞詞命題特點(diǎn)：命題特點(diǎn)：1.男女性代詞用反；男女性代詞用反；2.單數(shù)指代復(fù)數(shù)；單數(shù)指代復(fù)數(shù)；3.代詞詞性用錯；代詞詞性用錯；4.缺少人稱代詞。缺少人稱代詞。 改正方法改正方法: 根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系以及人稱代詞的數(shù)和格根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系以及人稱代詞的數(shù)和格

5、的一致問題的一致問題. 例例1.Rose is such a kind girl that we all like him very much.例例2.The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.例例3.I have a good friend whos name is Liu Mei.例例4.It was about noon when we arrived at the foot of the mountain. The three of them were very excited.例例5.Soon I began to enjoy t

6、alking to myself as I was learning to express me in simple English.hertheirwhoseus代詞當(dāng)堂練代詞當(dāng)堂練myself 考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)3：介詞：介詞命題特點(diǎn)及改正方法：命題特點(diǎn)及改正方法：介詞涉及搭配錯誤，因此可從以下方面確定錯介詞涉及搭配錯誤，因此可從以下方面確定錯誤：誤：1）介詞的基本用法；）介詞的基本用法；2）習(xí)慣搭配；）習(xí)慣搭配；3）動詞詞類確定錯誤，如）動詞詞類確定錯誤，如talk, serve, wait等。等。記?。河涀。航樵~短語常?？迹潭ù钆湟浝?。介詞后邊介詞短語常?？迹潭ù钆湟浝?。介詞后邊跟賓語，

7、結(jié)合語境細(xì)推敲。跟賓語，結(jié)合語境細(xì)推敲。介詞當(dāng)堂練介詞當(dāng)堂練例例1 In that particular evening, there was a strange excitement in the air.例例2 Last Sunday we took a bus to visit to a farm. 例例3 From then on, weve kept touch with each other through e-mails. 例例4 It was so kind for you to let us bring Annes friend, Gina.Onin of例例5.Finall

8、y they found a hotel to stay.例例6.Well talk with our plan for the weekend over dinner.例例7.I am writing to thank you with your kind help. aboutat/infor 考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)4：時態(tài)：時態(tài)命題特點(diǎn)及改正方法：命題特點(diǎn)及改正方法：現(xiàn)在時與過去時的誤用，句中一般沒有時間現(xiàn)在時與過去時的誤用，句中一般沒有時間狀語。每年都考。要注意聯(lián)系上下文，著眼狀語。每年都考。要注意聯(lián)系上下文，著眼于整個語篇的時態(tài)。通常整篇都是過去，突于整個語篇的時態(tài)。通常整篇都是過去，突然一個句子

9、用現(xiàn)在時；或者通常整篇都是現(xiàn)然一個句子用現(xiàn)在時；或者通常整篇都是現(xiàn)在，突然一個句子用過去時。其中又以一般在，突然一個句子用過去時。其中又以一般現(xiàn)在時和過去時互改為多?，F(xiàn)在時和過去時互改為多。 例例1.They did not want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote all my time to my studies so that I can make great progress.例例2.The time passes quickly. Evening came.例例3.She liked it very much and

10、 reads it to the class.例例4.I dont know that they dont like to talk with me. Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class.dopassedreadtalk 考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)5：and/but/or/so誤用及前后不誤用及前后不一致一致命題特點(diǎn)：命題特點(diǎn)：主要考查主要考查and、or、but、so等并列連詞的誤等并列連詞的誤用。用。 改正方法：改正方法：1）根據(jù)句意確定錯誤；）根據(jù)句意確定錯誤； 2）根據(jù)句子的邏輯關(guān)系確定錯誤。）根據(jù)句子的邏輯關(guān)系確定錯誤。例例1.S

11、he is smiling at me but nodding at me.例例2.It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest.例例3.The food was expensive and the service was good.例例4.I came into the living room and saw one of them just go through the kitchen door but turn on the light.例例5.Hurry up, and you will miss the fir

12、st bus. andorbutandor 考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)6：從屬連詞：從屬連詞命題特點(diǎn)及改正方法：命題特點(diǎn)及改正方法：句子結(jié)構(gòu)方面的錯誤主要涉及句子成份和復(fù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)方面的錯誤主要涉及句子成份和復(fù)合句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞等。合句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞等。解答這類題從以下方面來思考：解答這類題從以下方面來思考：1）句子結(jié)構(gòu)是否完整，成份是否冗缺；）句子結(jié)構(gòu)是否完整，成份是否冗缺；2）復(fù)合句中連接主句和從句的關(guān)系詞或連）復(fù)合句中連接主句和從句的關(guān)系詞或連接詞是否得當(dāng)?shù)?。接詞是否得當(dāng)?shù)取＠?.It was about noon we arrived at the foot of the mountain.例例2.I dont k

13、now that they dont like to talk with me.例例3.That she said at the meeting surprised everyone in the room.例例4.What interested us most was what he gave his lessons lively and interesting.whenwhythatWhat 考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)7：冠詞：冠詞命題特點(diǎn)及改正方法：命題特點(diǎn)及改正方法：英語中冠詞只有三個，只能從以下幾個方向英語中冠詞只有三個，只能從以下幾個方向出題：出題：1）不定冠詞）不定冠詞a和和an互改；互改；2）不

14、定冠詞）不定冠詞a或或an和定冠詞和定冠詞the互改；互改；3）根據(jù)需要增刪冠詞。）根據(jù)需要增刪冠詞。例例1.Rose comes from an European country but she can speak Chinese.例例2.He built a telescope through which he could study sky.例例3.We may be one family and live under a same roof, but-例例4.On Thursday I will have to decide what I want to do over a weeke

15、nd.例例5.With the help of Mr. Li I have made a great progress.thethethea 考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)8：形容詞和副詞：形容詞和副詞命題特點(diǎn)及改正方法：命題特點(diǎn)及改正方法：主要考查形容詞和副詞的誤用、形容詞及副主要考查形容詞和副詞的誤用、形容詞及副詞的比較級等。詞的比較級等。1）根據(jù)）根據(jù)adj.或或adv.的基本用法確定錯誤；的基本用法確定錯誤；2）修飾名詞用形容詞，系表結(jié)構(gòu)用形容詞；）修飾名詞用形容詞，系表結(jié)構(gòu)用形容詞；3）修飾行為動詞、形容詞、過去分詞及整）修飾行為動詞、形容詞、過去分詞及整個句子用副詞，在句首用副詞。個句子用副詞，在句首用

16、副詞。 例例1.I would describe myself as shy and quietly.例例2.There have been reports in America about people trying to steal person information for bad purposes.例例3.The life of the people in the village has great improved.例例4.To catch the first bus she hurried to the station as rapid as she can.例例5.Findin

17、g information on the Net is easily.quietpersonalgreatlyrapidlyeasy考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)9：非謂語動詞：非謂語動詞命題特點(diǎn)及改正方法：命題特點(diǎn)及改正方法：1）謂語動詞和非謂語動詞的錯用；）謂語動詞和非謂語動詞的錯用；2）動詞不定式和動名詞的錯用；）動詞不定式和動名詞的錯用；3）現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的錯用等。）現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的錯用等。 例例1.Earning their own money allows them spend on anything as they please.例例2.My parents will do all they

18、can make sure that I get a good education.例例3.Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was learning to express myself in simple English.例例4.The quake destroyed many houses and buildings,made many people homeless. totalkingmakingto 例例5.Repairing last month, now the bathroom opens.例例6.We fed

19、 monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.例例7.Some students may also to save up for our college or future use.例例8.There are a lot of people learned English in China.例例9.You should have a balancing diet to grow a healthy man.Repairedvisitedlearningbalanced考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)10：關(guān)系代詞：關(guān)系代詞命題特點(diǎn)改正方法：命題特點(diǎn)改正方法：1）關(guān)系代詞和人稱

20、代詞的錯用；）關(guān)系代詞和人稱代詞的錯用；2）關(guān)系代詞和人稱代詞的疊用；）關(guān)系代詞和人稱代詞的疊用；3）關(guān)系代詞遺漏。）關(guān)系代詞遺漏。 例例1.Hes reading the same book that she did last week.例例2.Do you know the boy his father is a doctor? 例例3.Tom bought the new bike which he found it two weeks ago. aswhose 例例4.Finally they arrived at the cinema, that was standing on th

21、e water.例例5.Suddenly he found a temple, which was built it 100 years ago.例例6.On Teachers Day they talked about some things and persons whom they remembered in the past.whichthat考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)11：主謂一致：主謂一致命題特點(diǎn)改正方法：命題特點(diǎn)改正方法：主謂一致性主謂一致性;第三人稱單數(shù)漏掉第三人稱單數(shù)漏掉s，或主語為復(fù)數(shù)，謂，或主語為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞用了單數(shù)語動詞用了單數(shù);再就是就近原則對主語的影響。再就是就近原則對主語的影響。

22、 例例1.She go to school by bike at 630 in the morning.例例2.Is there any books on the writing desk?例例3.What surprised us most are that he had passed the College Entrance Examination.例例4.Here is the answers to the questions.例例5.White as well as her parents come from the US.goesArewasarecomes考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)12：平行結(jié)構(gòu)：平行結(jié)構(gòu)命題特點(diǎn)改正方法：命題特點(diǎn)改正方法：詞性或結(jié)構(gòu)前后不一致，根據(jù)上下文句詞性或結(jié)構(gòu)前后不一致，根據(jù)上下文句意做出判斷意做出判斷 例例1.Mother is a kind, health, friendly woman in our neighbor. 例例2.How much time did you take relax as well as to study p