高中英語 Unit 8 Adventure Section Ⅳ Language Points(Ⅱ)( Lesson 2 Lesson 3)學(xué)案 北師大版必修3

1、 section language points()( lesson 2 & lesson 3)語 言 基 礎(chǔ) 自 測.單詞拼寫根據(jù)漢語或首字母提示，寫出下列單詞1we would experience extreme(極度的) weather if the glaciers in the poles melted.2it's here that the rivers flow(流淌) down into the ocean.3i'm worried about him.he hasn't yet understood that all work and no

2、play makes jack a dull boy.4after the police looked at the picture，he was amazed(吃驚的) to find that the big cat turned out to be a puma.5no nation，however large or small，wealthy or poor，can escape the impact of climate change.6after years of goods(貨物) getting cheaper，consumers may have to start getti

3、ng used to everyday higher prices.7the more we find out about the universe，the more confused we seem to become.8he is the author of three books on art.9it strikes me that what they lack in quantity(數(shù)量)，they make up in quality.10young people enjoy ball games，while older people like jogging and mounta

4、in­climbing.拓展詞匯根據(jù)詞性和漢語提示，寫出下列單詞1similar adj.相似的；類似的similarity n相似性，類似性2excite vt.使興奮；使激動(dòng)excited adj.興奮的；感到激動(dòng)的exciting adj.令人興奮的；使人激動(dòng)的excitement n興奮，激動(dòng)3vary vi.改變；變化various adj.不同的，各種各樣的variety n種類；多樣化4equip vt.裝備；具備equipment n配備，設(shè)備5prefer vt.寧可；較喜歡preference n較喜歡的東西，偏愛6amaze vt.使驚愕(驚奇)amazed a

5、dj.吃驚的；驚愕的amazing adj.令人驚異的amazement n驚訝；驚異7confuse vt.使困惑confused adj.迷惑的；混亂的confusing adj.使人困惑的；令人費(fèi)解的confusion n混淆；混亂.補(bǔ)全短語根據(jù)提示補(bǔ)全下列短語1in order to目的是，以便2upside down 顛倒地，倒置地3turn up 出現(xiàn)，到場4in turn 輪流5get across 使理解(某事)6break out 發(fā)生；爆發(fā)7stand by 袖手旁觀8back out 決定不履行(允諾的事)9o prison 把關(guān)進(jìn)監(jiān)獄10do trade

6、with 與做生意.選詞填空選用上述短語的適當(dāng)形式填空1there has not been much publicity about this activity，therefore few people turned up in the hall yesterday.2even when it rains the sloth(樹懶) hangs upside down in the tree.3i had created a way to get my message across by using as few words as possible.4he has decided not t

7、o play football in order to focus on his schoolwork.5he agreed to help but backed out when he found how difficult it was.v.­encen.v.out復(fù)合短語difference差異；不同；爭執(zhí)existence 存在，實(shí)在 presence 存在；出席stand out 引人注目；杰出，出色turn out 關(guān)掉(收音機(jī)等)；生產(chǎn)，制造；驅(qū)逐wipe out 徹底摧毀，消滅.經(jīng)典句式仿寫1. when i turned up for my first jump i

8、 was so nervous that i tried to back out，but my friends persuaded me to go through with it.當(dāng)我第一次出現(xiàn)在蹦極現(xiàn)場時(shí)，我很緊張，企圖退出，但是我的朋友說服我跳了下去。記句式結(jié)構(gòu)so.that.如此以至于仿寫促落實(shí)當(dāng)球迷們看到貝克漢姆的時(shí)候，他們?nèi)绱思?dòng)以至于大喊大叫。when the football fans saw beckham，they got so excited that they cried out2. but it is worth waiting for.但這是很值得等待的。記句式結(jié)構(gòu)

9、be worth doing.值得做仿寫促落實(shí)他決定去瞧瞧那座房子，看是否值得買下。he's decided to get a look at the house and see if it might be worth buying3. although people enjoyed reading his book，many of them thought that marco's stories about china were too fantastic to be true.盡管很多人喜歡讀他的書，但他們認(rèn)為馬可關(guān)于中國的故事太離奇而不可信。記句式結(jié)構(gòu)too.to.太

10、而不能仿寫促落實(shí)冰太薄，承受不住你的重量。the ice is too thin to bear your weight 核 心 要 點(diǎn) 探 究 in order to 目的是，以便(教材p24)people do extreme sports in order to feel excited.人們做極限運(yùn)動(dòng)是為了感到興奮。(1)in order to和so as to跟動(dòng)詞原形，此時(shí)不定式的邏輯主語應(yīng)與句子的主語保持一致。一般情況下，so as to結(jié)構(gòu)不放在句首。(2)so that和in order that常與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can，could，may，might，will，would連用，引

11、導(dǎo)目的狀語從句。so that和in order that引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句時(shí)，如果主句主語與從句主語一致，也可以換成so as to do/in order to do或to do。so that 還可引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，寫法上可以是so.that.，表“如此以致”。i'm making a note of it in order not to forget it.為了記住，我正在把它記下來。he lit a cigarette so as to calm(calm) his mind.他點(diǎn)燃一支香煙，鎮(zhèn)定一下情緒。we shall make you know the details i

12、n order that you can make your arrangements.我們會(huì)讓你知道詳情，以便你們能夠做出安排。 similarity n相似性；類似性(教材p24)snowboarding has similarities with surfing.單板滑雪和沖浪運(yùn)動(dòng)有相似性。(1)a be similar to ba與b相似a be the same as b a與b相同a be different from b a與b不同(2)similarity between. 之間的相似處similarity in 在某方面相似之處the two boys look very s

13、imilar.這兩個(gè)男孩看上去很相似。my problems are very similar to yours.我的問題和你的差不多。 turn up 出現(xiàn)；到場；開大；調(diào)高音量(教材p25)when i turned up for my first jump i was so nervous that i tried to back out，but my friends persuaded me to go through with it.我第一次出現(xiàn)在蹦極現(xiàn)場時(shí)，我很緊張，企圖退出，但我的朋友說服我跳了下去。turn around/round 轉(zhuǎn)身turn down 調(diào)??；拒絕turn

14、out 證明是；結(jié)果是turn to 轉(zhuǎn)向；求助于，查閱turn over 翻轉(zhuǎn)；移交turn on/off 打開/關(guān)閉(開關(guān))turn in 上交turn into 變成i thanked him for the offer but turned it down.我感謝他的好意，但拒絕了他。it turned out that she was a friend of my sister.她原來是我姐姐的朋友。語境助記she turned over and went to sleep again.then her mother turned round to turn down the tv.

15、 get across(使)理解(某事)(教材p25)it's difficult to get across how exciting it is!很難理解這會(huì)有多刺激！get about 四處走動(dòng)get around 傳播get through 接通電話；通過(考試)get off 下車get along with 相處，進(jìn)展get down to(doing) 開始認(rèn)真做get in 收獲，抵達(dá)get over 克服how are you getting along with your spoken report?你的口頭報(bào)告準(zhǔn)備得怎么樣了？news soon got aroun

16、d that he had resigned.他辭職的消息很快傳開了。i tried to telephone you but couldn't get through我設(shè)法給你打電話，但打不通。名師點(diǎn)津get across作“被理解”講時(shí)，無被動(dòng)形式。 (教材p26)marco，in turn，was amazed by how beautiful and powerful china was.馬可也相應(yīng)地被中國的美麗和強(qiáng)大所震撼。(1)in turn輪流，依次；反過來take turns to do sth./(at)doing sth.輪流做某事it's one'

17、s turn to do sth. 輪到某人做某事take one's turn 依次，輪到某人by turns 輪流，依次it's your turn to recite(recite) the passage.輪到你背誦這篇課文了。we take turns to make(make) dinner.we make dinner by turns.我們輪流做飯。名師點(diǎn)津(1)in turn表示“輪流；反過來”，而in return (for)則表示“作為(對)回報(bào)”。(2)by turns和take turns中的turn用復(fù)數(shù)形式。(2)amaze vt.使驚愕(驚奇)(

18、1)amazing adj.令人驚異的(2)amazed adj. 感到驚奇的(3)amazement n. 驚奇；驚詫to one's amazement 令某人驚奇的是in amazementwith amazement 驚訝地it was one of the most amazing films i've ever seen.這是我看過的最精彩的電影之一。i was amazed(amaze) at his speed of working.他辦事之麻利讓我深感嘆服。i was expressing some amazement(amaze) and wonder at

19、 her good fortune.我對她的好運(yùn)既驚奇又感嘆。語境助記to my amazement，they seemed amazed at the amazing news，and looked at me in amazement. confuse vt.使困惑(教材p26)he was also confused by the black stones people used to burn for fuel.他也對人們用黑色的石頭作燃料感到困惑。confuse a with/and b把a(bǔ)和b相混淆confused adj. 困惑的，不解的be confused by. 對感到困惑

20、confusing adj. 令人困惑的confusion n. 困惑，不解in confusion 困惑地，迷茫地it's wrong to confuse wealth with happiness.把財(cái)富和幸?；鞛橐徽勈清e(cuò)誤的。the instructions on the box are very confusing(confuse)盒子上的說明讓人不解。i am still confused about the reason why they did so.我還是對他們?yōu)槭裁催@樣做感到迷惑不解。語境助記the confusing question made him confu

21、sed and he looked at me in confusion. break out (壞事)突然發(fā)生；爆發(fā)(教材p26)not long after his return，a local war broke out near his town.他返回之后不久，一場區(qū)域性的戰(zhàn)爭在他家鄉(xiāng)附近爆發(fā)了。break in強(qiáng)行闖入；打斷break up 破碎；解散；分手break down 出故障；垮掉break through 突破；沖破your health will break down if you work too hard.太勞累的話，你的身體會(huì)垮的。he broke in wit

22、h some ideas of his own.他插嘴講了自己的一些想法。 (教材p26)although people enjoyed reading his book，many of them thought that marco's stories about china were too fantastic to be true.雖然人們愛讀他的書，但許多人認(rèn)為馬可寫的東西太離奇而不可信?！疽c(diǎn)提煉】 句中的too fantastic to be true是too.to.結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“太而不能”。(1)can't/can never.too.意為“再也不過分”。(2)to

23、o.to.結(jié)構(gòu)?？赊D(zhuǎn)換為“soadj./adv.that­clause”結(jié)構(gòu)。(3)在too.to.結(jié)構(gòu)中，若用ready，anxious，eager，glad，willing等形容詞，則該結(jié)構(gòu)不表否定意義。you can't be too careful to cross the street.過馬路時(shí)你一定要非常小心。he is too old to do that work.he is so old that he can't do that work.他年齡太大了，做不了那項(xiàng)工作。i'm too glad to see(see) you again.再

24、次見到你我很高興。 quantity n數(shù)量；量(教材p27)he went to a city where iron was produced in huge quantities.他來到一個(gè)大量生產(chǎn)鋼鐵的城市。quantity and quality數(shù)量和質(zhì)量a large/small quantity of 大/少量的quantities of 大量，許多的in quantity/quantities 大量地，很多a large/vast quantity of beer was sold.售出了大量的啤酒。quantities of food were(be) spread out o

25、n the table.許多食品被攤放在桌子上。名師點(diǎn)津quantity的單復(fù)數(shù)“a quantity ofn.”構(gòu)成的短語作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞要與of后面的名詞在數(shù)上保持一致。而(large) quantities of修飾的無論是可數(shù)(單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù))還是不可數(shù)名詞構(gòu)成的短語作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞一律用復(fù)數(shù)。 risk vt.冒的危險(xiǎn) n危險(xiǎn)(教材p116)what makes people risk their lives to do them？是什么讓人們冒著生命危險(xiǎn)去從事這些活動(dòng)呢？(1)risk doing.冒險(xiǎn)做risk one's health/life 以健康做賭注/ 冒著生命

26、危險(xiǎn)(2)at risk(in danger) 處于危險(xiǎn)中at the risk of(doing). 可能導(dǎo)致(不快等)， 冒(做)的危險(xiǎn)at all risks 無論如何run/take a risk/risks 冒險(xiǎn)run/take the risk of(doing).冒(做)的危險(xiǎn)which team is more willing to take risks?哪一隊(duì)更愿意冒險(xiǎn)？he got well­prepared for the job interview，for he couldn't risk losing(lose) such a good chance

27、.他對面試做了充分的準(zhǔn)備，因?yàn)樗幌朊笆ミ@一次好機(jī)會(huì)的危險(xiǎn)。he was determined to do it even at the risk of being laughed(laugh) at.他決定即使冒著被人嘲笑的危險(xiǎn)也要做。 various adj.各種各樣的(教材p116)you can find all these in the various extreme sports.你可以在各種各樣的極限運(yùn)動(dòng)中找到所有這些(1)variety n種類，多樣性a variety ofvarieties of 種種的；各種各樣的(2)vary v. 不同；改變vary from.to.

28、 由到不等vary with 隨變化vary in 在方面變化the young boy has a variety of hobbies，such as listening to classical music and painting.那個(gè)小男孩有各種各樣的愛好，諸如聽古典音樂和繪畫。demands for certain products vary with the season.對某些產(chǎn)品的需求隨季節(jié)的變化而變化。the weather varied from very cold to quite mild.天氣變化很大，會(huì)從很冷變得相當(dāng)暖和。隨 堂 效 果 落 實(shí).單句語法填空1i

29、don't know where are my glasses，without which i can not read anything.2in china many parents often make sacrifices (犧牲) for their boys or girls，which in turn increases their dependence.3the foreigners are amazed(amaze) by the achievements that the chinese have made recently in socialist construc

30、tion.4a large quantity of goods was burnt(burn) in the fire.5the may fourth movement against imperialism and feudalism broke out in beijing in 1919.6we firmly stand by the fundamental principles of marxism­leninism.7hardly could he get through this large amount of work in such a short time.8our

31、 bodies are strengthened by workout.similarly(similarity)，our minds are developed by learning.9parents should not show preference(prefer) for any one of their children.10a great variety(vary)of flowers were shown in the park.單句改錯(cuò)1i borrowed the book sherlock holmes from the library last week，that my

32、 classmates recommended to me.thatwhich 2a quantity of food were on the table.werewas3the fighting was broke out about two hours after sundown.去掉was4at first he had a confusing look on his face.confusingconfused5the two brothers take turn looking after their father.turnturns.完成句子1他太年輕，不能到美國去深造。he is

33、 too young to be sent to america for advanced study.2你班是否有母親是醫(yī)生的同學(xué)？is there anyone in your class whose mother is a doctor?3他們在攻讀英語，以便能閱讀莎士比亞原著。they are studying english in order to read shakespeare in the original.4他的公司破產(chǎn)時(shí)，他就有失去房子的危險(xiǎn)。he risked losing his house when his company went bankrupt.5通脹和真實(shí)增長

34、率的差距每年都不同。the division between inflation and real growth would vary from year to year. 語 法 專 項(xiàng) 突 破定語從句() 先觀察原句后自主感悟he travelled across europe and asia with his father，who wanted to do trade with the chinese.there were inventions and developments in china which were not available in europe at that ti

35、me.marco was lucky enough to meet another prisoner who enjoyed listening to his stories about china.the prisoner then wrote the stories in a book called the description of the world，which became one of the best­selling books in europe.以上四句均含有定語從句，引導(dǎo)詞分別為who；which；who；which。其中句的引導(dǎo)詞前有逗號(hào)將主句和從句隔開，這種

36、定語從句稱為非限制性定語從句。句的主句和從句無逗號(hào)隔開，這種定語從句稱為限制性定語從句。精要點(diǎn)撥一、限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句概述1限制性定語從句是先行詞不可缺少的一部分，若去掉，主句的內(nèi)容就不完整，意義也會(huì)發(fā)生改變。從句和先行詞的關(guān)系十分密切，從句緊跟先行詞，兩者之間不可用逗號(hào)隔開。she has found the necklace (that) she lost two weeks ago.她找到了那條兩周前丟失的項(xiàng)鏈。2非限制性定語從句是先行詞的一個(gè)補(bǔ)充說明。沒有它，主句也能獨(dú)立存在；非限制性定語從句和先行詞的關(guān)系不是很密切，兩者之間用逗號(hào)隔開。he has two sister

37、s，who are working in the city.他有兩個(gè)姐姐，她們在城里工作。即時(shí)訓(xùn)練1單句語法填空1the man who you're talking to is my friend.2i live in a house far away from the city，in front of which is a big tree.3the engineer，whose leg was badly hurt，was quickly sent to hospital.二、限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別1標(biāo)點(diǎn)的運(yùn)用有所不同限制性定語從句一般緊跟在先行詞后，其后不可用逗

38、號(hào)分開；而非限制性定語從句也常放在先行詞后，但必須用逗號(hào)與主句分開。who is the girl that is standing under the tree?站在樹下的那個(gè)女孩是誰？he is a teacher of much knowledge，from whom much can be learned.他是一個(gè)學(xué)識(shí)淵博的老師，從他那兒可以學(xué)到許多東西。2從句的作用不同限制性定語從句對先行詞起到修飾限制作用，是先行詞在意義上不可缺少的定語，一旦省略，主句的意思就不完整。而非限制性定語從句則是對一個(gè)概念清楚的先行詞進(jìn)行附加說明，若將其去掉，主句的意思仍然完整。the next day，

39、my brother and i went to the beach where we watched some people play volleyball.第二天，我和弟弟去了海邊。在那里，我們看到一些人在打沙灘排球。alice received a letter from her former classmate，which came as a surprise.艾麗斯收到了她以前同學(xué)的一封信，這真是件令人驚奇的事情。3關(guān)系詞的選用不同限制性定語從句可以用關(guān)系代詞who，whom，whose，that，which，關(guān)系副詞when，where，why等引導(dǎo)，而非限制性定語從句不可用tha

40、t或why來引導(dǎo)(上述引導(dǎo)詞除了這兩者以外均可用來引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句)。yesterday he bought a new car，which was made in japan.(which不可換用that)昨天他買了一輛新車，是日本生產(chǎn)的。he didn't give the reason，which explained his absence from the meeting held last week.(which不可換用why，因?yàn)閣hich在定語從句中作主語，而why只能在定語從句中作狀語)此句也可以這樣表達(dá)：he didn't give the reason，

41、for which he was absent from the meeting held last week.4從句所修飾的先行詞有所不同限制性定語從句的先行詞通常是名詞、代詞或詞組；而非限制性定語從句的先行詞除了名詞、代詞外，還可以是句子。this is the best book that i have ever read.這是我曾經(jīng)讀過的書中的最好的一本。he won the first prize in the contest，which was more than we expected.他在比賽中得了一等獎(jiǎng)，這一點(diǎn)真出乎我們預(yù)料。5關(guān)系詞的省略不同在限制性定語從句中，當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在

42、定語從句中作賓語或表語時(shí)，在口語中可以省略，關(guān)系副詞有時(shí)也可省略。而非限制性定語從句中的關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞不可省略。i still remember the days we spent together in college.我仍然記得我們在大學(xué)時(shí)一起度過的日子。(we前省略了that/which)she is not the one(that) she used to be.她已不再是昔日的她了。(that在定語從句中作表語)6英譯漢時(shí)有所不同，譯成漢語時(shí)，往往把限制性定語從句的內(nèi)容置于先行詞之前；而非限制性定語從句和主句往往翻譯成兩個(gè)分句。which is the machine that

43、 we used last sunday?上星期天我們用的那臺(tái)機(jī)器是哪一臺(tái)？the concert，which was held last week，was a great success.那場音樂會(huì)是上周舉行的，獲得了巨大的成功。he may be late，in which case we ought to wait for him.他可能遲到，要是那樣的話我們就等等他。即時(shí)訓(xùn)練2單句語法填空1i didn't find the desk whose leg was broken.2the house which/that was destroyed in the earthqua

44、ke is weak.3she is the right girl who/whom/that/不填 we are looking for.三、as和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別whichas位置上只能放在先行詞的后面位置靈活，可位于句前、句中，也可置于句后搭配上無動(dòng)詞的限制謂語動(dòng)詞通常是表示感覺或心理活動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞，如see，hear，know，expect，remember，guess，hope等句意上意為“這一點(diǎn)”表示“正如，正像的那樣”the air quality in the city，as is shown in the report，has improved over the past two months.正如報(bào)告所顯示的，在過去的兩個(gè)月里，這個(gè)城市的空氣質(zhì)量已有所改善。after graduating from college，i took some time off to go travelling，which turned out to be a wise decision.大學(xué)畢業(yè)后我抽出一部分時(shí)間去旅游，事實(shí)證明這是一個(gè)明智的決定。即時(shí)訓(xùn)練3單句語法填空1my hometown is no longer the same as it wa