初中語法專題---情態(tài)動詞

1、情態(tài)動詞學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容一、基本概念及特征概念：情態(tài)動詞是一種本身有一定的詞義，但要與動詞原形及其被動語態(tài)一起使用，給謂語動詞增添感情色彩，表示說話人對有關(guān)行為或事物的態(tài)度和看法，認(rèn)為其可能、應(yīng)該或必要等的動詞。特征：不能單獨(dú)作謂語，須和行為動詞或系動詞連用共同構(gòu)成謂語； 無人稱和數(shù)的變化（have to除外：has to/had to）； 后接動詞原形（do/be）； 具有助動詞作用（可用來構(gòu)成否定句，疑問句及簡明回答） 二、基本分類 只作情態(tài)動詞的有：must, can (could), may (might) 可作情態(tài)動詞也可作實(shí)義動詞的有：need，dare 可作情態(tài)動詞也可作助動詞的有：wi

2、ll (would), shall (should) 具有情態(tài)動詞某些特征的有：have to, ought to，had better3、 用法詳解1、 情態(tài)動詞基本用法1）can/could （1）表示能力，意為“能、會”。 Two eyes can see more than one.   兩只眼比一只眼看得清。 Could the girl read she went to school?   這女孩上學(xué)前能識字嗎？（2）表示請求或允許，多用于口語中，意為“可以”，相當(dāng)于may。 You can go now. 你現(xiàn)在可以走了。 Can I ha

3、ve a look at your new pen?   我可以看一看你的新鋼筆嗎？ He asked whether he could take the book out of the reading-room.（3） 較委婉客氣地提出問題或陳述看法。 Can (Could) you lend me a hand?   幫我一把好嗎？ Im afraid we couldnt give you an answer today.   恐怕我們今天不能給你答復(fù)。注意：情態(tài)動詞的過去式除了表示過去的時間這一用法外，更多時候表達(dá)一種比原形更

4、為委婉客氣的語氣。尤其在出現(xiàn)在賓語從句主句中時，并不影響從句的時態(tài)。2）may/might 表允許，might可以指過去時間，也可指現(xiàn)在時間，語氣更委婉。 You may take whatever you like.   你喜歡什么就拿什么。 He told me that I might smoke in the room.   他告訴我可以在房間里抽煙。 May (Might) I ask for photo your baby?   我可以要一張你寶寶的照片嗎？ 表示祝愿，常用于倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)中： May you succeed!

5、祝你成功！ May all your dreams come true! 愿你夢想成真！3）must 表示“必須”、“應(yīng)當(dāng)”。 We must love our country.我們要熱愛祖國。 I must take a day off tomorrow.我明天必須請一天假。 must的否定式（mustnt）表示“不應(yīng)該”、“不許可”、“不準(zhǔn)”、“禁止”等，語氣比較強(qiáng)烈。 You mustnt speak loudly in the library.不許在圖書館大聲喧嘩。 We mustnt waste our time.我們不應(yīng)該浪費(fèi)時間。4）need 作情態(tài)動詞時，接動詞原形。僅用于否定

6、句和疑問句，否定直接加not（neednt） Need we leave soon? Yes, you must.(No, you needn't) You needn't have hurried. 作實(shí)義動詞時，接帶to的不定式。否定和疑問借助助動詞完成（如 did you need？didn't need） He needs to see a doctor. They didn't need to start so early.(do not need to do)5）shall表征詢意見，用于第一、第三人稱疑問句。 Shall I get some te

7、a?   我給你點(diǎn)茶好嗎？ Shall the boy wait outside?  讓那男孩在外面等嗎？ What shall we do this evening?   我們今晚做什么？表說話人的意愿，有“命令、允諾、警告、決心”等意思，用于第二、三人稱陳述句。 You shall do as I say.  按我說的做。（命令） You shall have my answer tomorrow. 你明天可以得到我的答復(fù)。（允諾） He shall be sorry for it one day,

8、I tell you.有一天他會后悔的，我告訴你。（警告） Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan.  什么也不能阻止我們執(zhí)行這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃。（決心）6）will 表意愿，用于各種人稱陳述句。 I will do anything for you.   我愿為你做任何事。 None is so blind as those who wont see.   不愿看的人眼最瞎。 表請求，用于疑問句。 Will you close the window? Its a bit cold.&#

9、160;  請你把窗戶關(guān)上好嗎？有點(diǎn)冷。 Wont you drink some more coffee?   再來一點(diǎn)咖啡好嗎？ 表示某種傾向或習(xí)慣性動作。 Fish will die out of water.   魚離開水就不能活。 The door wont open.   這門打不開。7）should表義務(wù)。意為“應(yīng)該”（某件事宜于做），用于各種人稱。 You should be polite to your teachers.   你對老師應(yīng)該有禮貌。 You shouldnt waste a

10、ny time.   你不應(yīng)該浪費(fèi)時間。表推測，意為“想必一定、照說應(yīng)該、估計(jì)”等。 The film should be very good as it is starring first-class actors.   這部新電影是一流演員主演的，估計(jì)拍得很好。 They should be home by now.   照說他們現(xiàn)在應(yīng)當(dāng)已經(jīng)到家了。8）would 表意愿：I said I would do anything for you.  我說過我愿意為你做任何事。 表委婉地提出請求、建議或看法。 Wou

11、ld you like another glass of beer? 再來杯啤酒好嗎？ Would you mind cleaning the window?   請把窗戶擦一下好嗎？ They wouldnt have anything against it.   他們不會有什么反對意見。 表過去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或過去的一種傾向。 Every time she was in trouble, she would go to him for help.   她每遇到麻煩都會向她求助。他告訴我盒子打不開了。情態(tài)動詞表猜測時：ca

12、n不肯。may不問，must肯定不否問。9）ought to表義務(wù)，意為“應(yīng)該”（因責(zé)任、義務(wù)等該做），口氣比should稍重。 You are his father. You ought to take care of him.   你是他父親，應(yīng)當(dāng)管他。 You oughtnt to smoke so much.   你不應(yīng)該抽這么多煙。表推測，暗含很大的可能，語氣較弱。 Han Mei ought to know his telephone number. 韓梅該知道他的電話號碼。 Theres a fine sunset; it oug

13、ht to be a fine day tomorrow.  今天有晚霞，明天應(yīng)該是個好天。2、情態(tài)動詞表猜測1）?？急聿聹y的詞：must、may/might、can/could2）肯定猜測：must（一定，準(zhǔn)是，必定）may（可能）might（也許，或許） He may be at home. 他可能在家 They might be having a meeting, but Im not sure.他們有可能在開會，不過我不肯定。 That lady must be an actress. 那位女士一定是個演員。 He hasnt come yet. He m

14、ust be ill.他還沒來，準(zhǔn)是病了。3）否定猜測：cant（不可能） couldnt（不可能） may not（可能不） might not（可能不） She may not know about it. 她可能不知道這件事。 He was afraid they might not agree with him. 他擔(dān)心他們可能不同意他的意見。 It cant/couldnt be the headmaster, he has gone to America.它不可能是校長，他去美國了。4）猜測的時態(tài)：1 對一般情況的猜測：情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形 It may rain

15、 today.今天可能下雨。2 對過去情況的猜測：情態(tài)動詞+have done如: If you were at the party, you must have seen Mary.你如果參加了聚會，準(zhǔn)會見到瑪麗。3 對正在進(jìn)行的或即將發(fā)生的猜詞：情態(tài)動詞+be doing如：Lets hurry. They must be waiting for us .快！他們現(xiàn)在一定在等我們?！拘≡嚺５丁?. John _ come to see us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet.A. may B. can C. has to D. must2. -He _

16、be in the classroom, I think.-No, he _ be in, I saw him go home a minute agoA. can, may not B. must, may not C. may, cant D. may, mustnt3. This history book _ be Bobs sisters, there is her name on it.A. must B. might C. cant D. mustnt答案：ACA3、 情態(tài)動詞辨析1）can 和be able to （1）can只有過去式；be able to 根據(jù)be的變化可以有

17、多種時態(tài) 如：Mary can play the piano. She has been able to play it since she was 5. （2）表示天生的能力時，can 和 be able to 可以互換，但后者用得較少。但在談到正在發(fā)生的事時，一般不用be able to。如：Look! I can stand on my hands. 瞧！我能倒立！ （3）如果要表示一個動作成功地完成了，必須用was able to, 而不能用could。（用在過去時中，could經(jīng)常表示能夠做某事，事實(shí)上不一定去做，而waswere able to則表示“過去做成了某事”。在否定句中兩

18、者可通用。）如：He was able to leave Europe before the war began. 戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)前，他設(shè)法離開了歐洲。2）must和have to：must表示主觀意志，而have to表示由于客觀因素不得不做某事。We will have to ask Tom instead. 我們必須去問Tom了。（客觀）We must work hard.我們必須努力工作。(主觀)3）would和used toused to表示過去與現(xiàn)在或過去某時與后來的情況有不同，而would只表過去的情況。People used to think that the earth was f

19、lat.過去人們認(rèn)為地球是平的。（現(xiàn)在人們不這么認(rèn)為。）She would go out for a walk in the morning when she was in the country. 在鄉(xiāng)下時，她總是在早晨去散會兒步。（可能現(xiàn)在仍有散步的習(xí)慣。）4.提問與回答表示客氣或委婉的請求時用may, 用may回答顯得冷淡、不客氣。所以最好避之而改用熱情、客氣的答語。1）may提問May I come in? Yes, please. May I borrow your bike? Certainly.May I take this book out of the reading-roo

20、m? 我可以把書帶出閱覽室嗎？No, you cant /mustnt. 不，你不能這么做。2）must提問Must I do my homework now? 我必須現(xiàn)在做作業(yè)嗎？Yes, you must.是的，你非做不可。No, you neednt./dont have to. 不，你不必現(xiàn)在做。3）can提問Can/Could I use your computer? 我可以用一下你的電腦嗎？Yes, you can. 是的，可以。 No, you cant./Im afraid not.4）need提問 Need I finish it now？ 我需要現(xiàn)在就完成嗎？ Yes, y

21、ou must. 是的，必須現(xiàn)在完成。No, you needn't. 不，沒必要?！拘≡嚺５丁?. Must I do my homework at once? No, you_. A. needn't B. mustn't C. can't D. may not2. _ I take the newspaper away? No, you mustn't. You _ read it only here.A. Must; can B. May; can C. Need; must D. Must; must答案：AD 綜合題庫1.You _ stop

22、 when the traffic light turns red. A. can B. had better C. needD. must2. Shall we take a taxi? No, we . Its not far from here. A. cant B. mustnt C. shouldnt D. neednt3. Mom, must I clean my room now? No, you . You can do it tomorrow. A. cant B. neednt C. mustnt D. shouldnt 來4. There's enough tim

23、e for you to go to the airport. You_ hurry now.A. should B. needn't C. must D. can't5. Look! Is there your brother? No, it _ be him. He has gone to China.A. shouldnt B. wouldnt C. mustnt D. cant6. _I swim here?來網(wǎng) I'm sorry. Children_swim alone here.來中&教A. Must; can'tB. May; mustC

24、. Can; mustn't D. Can't; can7. Is Maria knocking at the door? It _be her. She is in Australia now. A. may not B. needn't C. mustn't D. can't 8. Shall we take a taxi? No, we . Its not far from here.來*#te% A. cant B. mustnt C. shouldnt D. neednt9. You _ be happy with the strong pub

25、lic support youve received. Yes, youre right. Im really excited. A. may B. can C. must D. need10. Tom, you _ play with the knife. You_ hurt yourself A. won't; can't B. mustn't; may C. shouldn't; must D. can't; should11. My brother won the first prize in speech competition.來&源

26、:中教網(wǎng)% Congratulations! You be excited about that!中&國教育#出*版網(wǎng) A. need B. must C. would D. can%出版網(wǎng)12. Must we wear our school uniform this afternoon? No, you . All of us will go on an outing. A. mustnt B. cant C. neednt D. couldnt13.Meng Fei had his arm broken while recording If You Are the One in

27、Beijing. Really? Then perhaps he host TV programs for some time. A. neednt B. mustnt C. shouldnt D. cant14. Have you decided which senior high school to choose? Not yet. I go to Moonlight School. A. must B. may C. need D. should15. I hear youve got a new iPhone 5S. _ I have a look? Yes, certainly. A

28、. May B. Do C. Shall D. Should16. The lady in this photo be over fifty! She looks so young!來源:*中#教&網(wǎng)A. mustnt B. mustC. cant D. can17. Must I do my homework now, Mum? . You can do it tomorrow. A. No, you neednt B. No, you mustntC. Yes, you need D. Yes, you must18. Dad, must I practice the piano

29、today? No, you . You may do it tomorrow.A. neednt B. mustnt C. shouldnt D. cant19. Excuse me, when are we going to have a picnic? Im not sure, Ask our monitor, please. He know.A. need B. can C. may D. shall20. Im afraid I need a pair of glasses. I _ hardly see the words on the blackboard. Thats terr

30、ible. You may have got poor eyesight.A. can B. must C. may D. need21. Last year I _ drive. I used to take the bus.A. could B. couldnt C. should D. shouldnt 中國%22.In Britain, you _ be 18 if you want to drive a car.   A. can  B

31、. must   C. may   D. might23. _ I try on those shoes in the window?中國_. They are just on show.中#A. Could; Yes, you can B. Can; Sorry, you couldntC. Could; Sorry, you cant D. Can; Yes, you could24. Must I turn down the radio now?中* No, you .A. mustntB. needntC. cantD. wont25. Do y

32、ou have any plans for this weekend?I'm not sure. I _ go climbing Mount Yuntai.A. must B. need C. may D. can26. _ I do the laundry first? No, you _. You can do your homework first. A. Must; mustn't B Can；mustn't來 C. Must; needn't D. May; needn't27. Must I wait for you here? No, you _. A. don't B. can't C .mustnt D. neednt28.Excuse me, can you tell me the way to the Peoples Park? Walk along