英語國家常用語態(tài)

1、英語國家常用語態(tài)Simple Present Simple Past Simple Future I study English everyday. Two years ago, I studied English in America If you are having problems, I will help you study English. Im going to study English next year. Present Continuous Past Continuous Future Continuous I am studying English now. I was

2、 studyingEnglish when you called yeaterday. I will be studying english when you arrive tonight. Im going to be studying English when you arrive tonight. Present Perfect Past Perfect Future Perfect I have studied English in several different countries. I had studied a little English before I moved to

3、 the U.S. I will have studied every tense by the time I finish this course. Im going to have studied every tense by the time I finish this course. Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous Future Perfect Continuous I have been studying English for ten years. I had been studying English for

4、ten years before I moved to the U.S. I will have been studying English for over three hours by the time you arrive. Im going to have been studying English for over three hours by the time you arrive. 10種最需要注意的時(shí)態(tài)考點(diǎn)歸納1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主要用來表示人、事物的現(xiàn)在狀況和特點(diǎn)；表示經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣性的動作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等時(shí)間狀語；表示

5、客觀規(guī)律和永恒真理等。He usually goes to work at 7 oclock every morning.She has a brother who lives in New York. The earth goes around the sun.Guangzhou is situated in the south of China.考點(diǎn)一：表示永恒的真理，即使出現(xiàn)在過去的語境中，仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school.考點(diǎn)二：在時(shí)間和條件狀語從句中，

6、代替一般將來時(shí)，常用的引導(dǎo)詞有：時(shí)間：when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment / minute / day / year 條件：if, unless, provided If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon.考點(diǎn)三：在make sure (certain), see to it, mind, care, matter 賓語從句中，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)。So long as he works hard, I dont mind when he fin

7、ishes the experiment.只要他努力工作，我不介意他什么時(shí)候做完試驗(yàn)?？键c(diǎn)四：在the more the more (越越) 句型中, 若主句是一般將來時(shí), 從句通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。The harder you study, the better results you will get.2. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表說話時(shí)或目前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的活動；與頻率副詞，如always，constantly，continually，again等連用，表示說話人的某種感情色彩(贊嘆、厭煩、埋怨等)。We are having English class. The house is being bu

8、ilt these days.The little boy is always making trouble. 考點(diǎn)一：在時(shí)間狀語或條件狀語從句中表示將來正在進(jìn)行的動作。Look out when you are crossing the street. Don't wake him up if he is still sleeping at 7 tomorrow morning.考點(diǎn)二： 表示在最近按計(jì)劃或安排要進(jìn)行的動作(這時(shí)多有表示將來的時(shí)間狀語)。Marry is leaving on Friday.3. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動作發(fā)生在過去，完成在過去，但強(qiáng)調(diào)與現(xiàn)在情況仍有聯(lián)系，其結(jié)

9、果或影響仍存在。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)有一些標(biāo)志性的時(shí)間狀語?？键c(diǎn)一：for + 時(shí)間段；since + 時(shí)間點(diǎn)They have lived in Beijing for five years.They have lived in Beijing since 1995. I have learned English for ten years.考點(diǎn)二：常見的不確定的時(shí)間狀語：lately, recently, just, already, yet, up to now; till now; so far, these daysHas it stopped raining yet? 考點(diǎn)三：在表示“最近幾

10、世紀(jì)/年/月以來”時(shí)間狀語中，謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。in the past few years/months/weeks/days, over the past few years, during the last three months, for the last few centuries, through centuries, throughout history 等In the past 30 years China has made great advances in socialist construction.考點(diǎn)四：表示“第幾次做某事，”或在 “It is the best

11、(worst, most interesting ) +名詞that” 后面用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。This is my first time that I have visited China. That is the only book that he has written.This is the most interesting film I have ever seen.4.一般過去時(shí)表在過去某個(gè)特定時(shí)間發(fā)生且完成的動作，或過去習(xí)慣性動作，不強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，只說明過去。常與明確的過去時(shí)間狀語連用，如：yesterday, last week, in 1945, at that time, o

12、nce, during the war, before, a few days ago, when?？键c(diǎn)一：used to + do 表示過去經(jīng)常但現(xiàn)在已不再維持的習(xí)慣動作。to為不定式符號，后接動詞原形。比較：be / become / get used to + doing 表示習(xí)慣于He used to smoke a lot. He has got used to getting up early.考點(diǎn)二：在時(shí)間和條件狀語從句中，代替過去將來時(shí)。He promised to buy me a computer if he got a raise 5. 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)或某段

13、時(shí)間內(nèi)正在發(fā)生的動作。The boy was doing his homework when his father came back from work. He was taking a walk leisurely by the lake when he heard someone shouted for help.What were you doing at nine last night?The radio was being repaired when you called me.6. 過去完成時(shí)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間之前已經(jīng)完成的動作，即過去完成時(shí)的動作發(fā)生在“過去的過去”，句中有明顯的

14、參照動作或時(shí)間狀語，這種時(shí)態(tài)從來不孤立使用。 There had been 25 parks in our city up till 2000.By the end of last term we had finished the book.They finished earlier than we had expected.考點(diǎn)一：用于hardly/scarcely.when; no sooner .than句型中，主句用過去完成時(shí)，從句用一般過去時(shí)。I had hardly finished my work when he came to see me.I had no sooner go

15、t into the room than it began to snow.No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang. (注意倒裝)考點(diǎn)二：表示“第幾次做某事”，主句用過去時(shí)，從句用過去完成時(shí)。That was the second time that she had seen her grandfather.考點(diǎn)三：動詞hope, expect, think, intend, mean, want, suppose, plan 用過去完成時(shí)，表示未實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望、打算和意圖。I had hoped that I could do t

16、he job. I had intended to see you but I was too busy.7. 一般將來時(shí)表示在將來某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動作或情況。常和tomorrow, next year, in 2008等表示將來的時(shí)間狀語連用，其表現(xiàn)形式多達(dá)5種?？键c(diǎn)一：一般將來時(shí)總是用在一些時(shí)間狀語從句或條件狀語從句的主句中。We will begin our class as soon as the teacher comes.(主句用一般將來時(shí)，從句中一定要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)替代一般將來時(shí)。)考點(diǎn)二：某些表示短暫性動作的動詞如arrive, come, go, leave, start等，用現(xiàn)

17、在進(jìn)行時(shí)形式表示將來。I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow.考點(diǎn)三：“祈使句 + and / or + 句子”，這種結(jié)構(gòu)中and后面的句子謂語用一般將來時(shí)。Use your head and you will find a way.考點(diǎn)四：“be going to + 動詞原形”，表示打算要做的事或可能要發(fā)生的事?！癰e about to + 動詞原形”表示按照預(yù)定計(jì)劃或打算準(zhǔn)備著手進(jìn)行的動作?！癰e to + 動詞原形”表示必須、必然或計(jì)劃將要做的事。They are to be married in May.8. 將來進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來某個(gè)時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動作，或按

18、計(jì)劃一定會發(fā)生的事情。Ill be doing my homework this time tomorrow. 明天這會我正在寫作業(yè)。The President will be meeting the foreign delegation at the airport.9. 將來完成時(shí)表示在將來某時(shí)刻之前業(yè)已完成的事情，時(shí)間狀語非常明顯。考點(diǎn)一：常用的時(shí)間狀語一般用by + 將來時(shí)間 ，如：by the end of this year, by 8 oclock this evening, by March next year以及由by the time, before或when等引導(dǎo)的從句。

19、By the end of next month, he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot.By the time you reach the station, the train will have left.By next Tuesday, I will have got ready for the exams.考點(diǎn)二：在時(shí)間和條件狀語從句中，將來完成時(shí)則由現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示。The children will do their homework the moment they have arrived back from school.10. 動詞的

20、語態(tài)一般用于強(qiáng)調(diào)受者，做題時(shí)謂語動詞后通常不再有名詞或賓語。動詞的語態(tài)一般不單獨(dú)考，而是和時(shí)態(tài)、語氣和非謂語動詞一起考，需要注意以下考點(diǎn)。考點(diǎn)一：不能用于被動語態(tài)的動詞和詞組come true, consist of, take place, happen, become, rise, occur, belong, break out, appear, arrive, die, fall, last, exist, fail, succeedIt took place before liberation. 考點(diǎn)二：下列動詞的主動語態(tài)表示被動意義, 而且常與well, quite, easily

21、, badly等副詞連用：lock, wash, sell, read, wear, blame, ride , write Glass breaks easily. 玻璃容易破碎。 The car rides smoothly. 這車走起來很穩(wěn)。The case locks easily. 這箱子很好鎖。 The book sells well. 這本書很暢銷。考點(diǎn)三：一些常用經(jīng)典被動句型 It is said, It is reported, It is widely believed，It is expected, It is estimated, 這些句子一般翻譯為“據(jù)說”，“人們認(rèn)為

22、”，而“以前人們認(rèn)為”則應(yīng)該說：It was believed, It was thought。英語16種時(shí)態(tài)英語共有十六種時(shí)態(tài)，其表現(xiàn)形式如下(以study為例)一般時(shí)       進(jìn)行時(shí)           完成時(shí)           完成進(jìn)行時(shí) 現(xiàn)在 study     be studying

23、         have studied          have been studying過去 studied     be studying         had studied       had been studying將來 wil

24、l study  wil be studying     will have studied     will have been studying過去將來would study  would be studying  would have studied    would have been studying時(shí)態(tài)（Tense）是表示行為、動作和狀態(tài)在各種時(shí)間條件下的動詞形式。因此，當(dāng)我們說時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)的時(shí)候，指的是相應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)下的動詞形式。1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)英語時(shí)

25、態(tài)分為16種：一般現(xiàn)在、一般過去、一般將來、過去將來時(shí)，以及這四者的進(jìn)行時(shí)、完成時(shí)和完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。用法：A) 表示現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的動作、情況、狀態(tài)和特征。B) 習(xí)慣用語。C) 經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性動作。例：He always helps others. （他總是幫助別人。）D) 客觀事實(shí)和普遍真理。尤其要注意，如果前后文不是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，則無法保持   主句、從句時(shí)態(tài)一致。E) 表示一個(gè)按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動作，（僅限于某些表示“來、去、動   、停、開始、結(jié)束、繼續(xù)”等的動詞）可以與表示未來時(shí)間的狀語搭配使用   。常見的用法是：飛機(jī)、火車、

26、輪船、汽車等定期定點(diǎn)運(yùn)行的交通方式。例：The next train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon.（下一趟火車今天下午3點(diǎn)開車。）How often does this shuttle bus run? （這班車多久一趟？）F) 在時(shí)間和條件狀語從句里經(jīng)常用一般現(xiàn)在（有時(shí)也用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）表示將來事情。例：When you have finished the report, I will have waited for about 3 hours.（等你完成這份報(bào)告的時(shí)候，我就已經(jīng)等了將近3個(gè)小時(shí)了。）2. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(be doing)用法：現(xiàn)

27、在正在進(jìn)行的動作。3. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(have done)用法：A) 表示動作到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成或剛剛完成。例：I bought a new house, but I _ my old one yet, so at the moment I have two houses.A) didn't sell B) sold C) haven't sold D) would sell答案是C) haven't sold。B) 表示從過去某時(shí)刻開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或情況，并且有可能會繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去。此時(shí)經(jīng)常用延續(xù)性動詞。時(shí)間狀語常用since加一個(gè)過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，或for加一段時(shí)間，

28、或by加一個(gè)現(xiàn)在時(shí)間。例：Great as Newton was, many of his ideas _ today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.A) are to challenge C) have been challengedB) may be challenged D) are challenging全句的意思是：“雖然牛頓是個(gè)偉大的人物，但他的許多見解直到今天還在受到挑戰(zhàn)，并且被現(xiàn)代科學(xué)家的工作所修正?！眂hallenge是及物動詞，在本句中應(yīng)當(dāng)是被動語態(tài)；其動作延續(xù)到今天，所以

29、要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)?？梢姶鸢甘荂) have been challenged。A) are to challenge和D) are challenging都是主動語態(tài)，不可能是答案。B) may be challenged雖然是被動語態(tài)，但意思與全句內(nèi)容不合，所以不對。C) 表示發(fā)生在過去，但對現(xiàn)在仍有影響的動作或情況。通常用點(diǎn)動詞，如：arrive, begin, find, give, lose等。例：John has broken his left leg.（約翰摔斷了左腿。）注意事項(xiàng)：A) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是聯(lián)系過去和現(xiàn)在的紐帶?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過去時(shí)的區(qū)別在于：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的動態(tài)，或受動態(tài)

30、的影響，是動態(tài)的結(jié)果，對現(xiàn)在有影響；過去時(shí)只表示過去的某個(gè)具體時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動作，與現(xiàn)在沒有聯(lián)系。例：He worked in that hospital for 8 years.（他曾經(jīng)在那家醫(yī)院工作了8年。這只是講述一個(gè)過去的事實(shí)，他現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那家醫(yī)院了。）He has worked in that hospital for 8 years.（他已經(jīng)在那家醫(yī)院里工作了8年。表示他從過去開始工作，一直工作到現(xiàn)在，現(xiàn)在仍在那家醫(yī)院工作。）B) 因?yàn)楹衒or加一段時(shí)間或since加一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)這樣的時(shí)間狀語的完成時(shí)，有動態(tài)和延續(xù)性的特點(diǎn)，所以不能使用終端動詞或瞬間動詞。例：My sister h

31、as been married for 5 years.（過去分詞做表語表示狀態(tài)，可以延續(xù)）My sister has married. Don't disturb her.（終端動詞）C) 在"this is the first/ second/ third time that"句型里要求用完成時(shí)。例：This is the second time that the products of our company have been shown in the International Exhibition.（這是我公司產(chǎn)品第二次參加國際展覽會。）D) 句型&qu

32、ot;It is/ has beensince"所使用的兩種時(shí)態(tài)都正確。例：It is/ has been 10 years since I last saw him.（從我上次見到他以來已經(jīng)10年了。）E) 在"no sooner than"、"hardly/ scarcely when"、"before"、"prior to"等句型中，主句要求完成時(shí)。例：I haven't met that professor prior to today.（以前我從未見過那位教授。）4. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(h

33、ave been doing)用法：表示某一動作開始于過去某一時(shí)間，延續(xù)或重復(fù)地出現(xiàn)至今，或?qū)⒗^續(xù)延續(xù)至將來。例：We have been working on this project for over a month now.（到目前為止，我們一直在處理那個(gè)項(xiàng)目，已經(jīng)花了一個(gè)多月時(shí)間了。）注意事項(xiàng)：與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)相比，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)更強(qiáng)調(diào)：在從過去到現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間里，動作或狀態(tài)一直持續(xù)或一直反復(fù)出現(xiàn)。例：It seems oil _ from this pipe for some time. We'll have to take the machine apart to put it r

34、ight.A) had leaked B) is leakingC) leaked D) has been leaking從本題上下文看，這兩個(gè)句子的意思是：“看來，這個(gè)管道漏油已有一段時(shí)間了，我們將不得不拆卸機(jī)器排除故障?！钡诙浔硎緦⒁扇〉拇胧５谝痪鋭幼靼l(fā)生在第二句之前，并且延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在為止仍在繼續(xù)。因此，空格中需用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。D) has been leaking是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，因此是本題的答案。有11%的考生誤選了B) is leaking。由于本句有時(shí)間狀語for some time，表示謂語動作延續(xù)，謂語不能用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，必須用和完成時(shí)有關(guān)的時(shí)態(tài)。有些考生誤選了

35、C) leaked或A) had leaked。是因?yàn)樗麄儧]有注意到本題第二句是一般將來時(shí)，所以第一句的謂語不能用過去時(shí)或過去完成時(shí)。5. 一般過去時(shí)用法：A) 表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動作或情況。B) 表示過去習(xí)慣性動作。特別是由would/ used to do表達(dá)的句型，本身表示的   就是過去時(shí)。例：The old man would sit on a bench in the quiet park and look at others for hours without doing anything or talking to anybody.（老人過去常常坐在寧靜的公園里的一條長椅上，看著其他的人，一坐就是數(shù)個(gè)小時(shí)，什么也不干，也不和任何人交談。）He used to visit his mother once a week.（他以前總是每周看望一次他的母親。）C) 有時(shí)可代替一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，表達(dá)一種婉轉(zhuǎn)、客氣、禮貌、商量的語氣。例：I wanted to ask you if I could borrow your car?（我想向您借車用一用，可以嗎？）Would you mind my sitting here?（您介意我坐在這里嗎？）注意事項(xiàng)：A) 注意時(shí)間狀語的搭配。一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語應(yīng)該是