Linux安裝手記

1、Linux安裝手記1、 系統(tǒng)安裝選擇安裝啟動內(nèi)核加載檢測并加載-通常不需要檢測選擇檢測則進(jìn)入如下界面:選擇跳過則進(jìn)入如下界面點擊下一步進(jìn)入語言選擇界面：（默認(rèn)選擇英語）點擊下一步進(jìn)入鍵盤選擇（默認(rèn)美式英語）選擇設(shè)備：選擇基礎(chǔ)存儲設(shè)備進(jìn)入下一步，設(shè)定主機(jī)名點擊下一步進(jìn)入時區(qū)選擇選擇安裝類型自定義安裝此時設(shè)置磁盤分區(qū)/swap 設(shè)置為內(nèi)存大小的2倍，并且文件系統(tǒng)類型選擇為swap/設(shè)置為50G 該目錄為系統(tǒng)文件目錄，不用太大/data 剩下全部文件一直下一步，進(jìn)入安裝界面選擇基本服務(wù)器等待系統(tǒng)安裝系統(tǒng)安裝完成2、 安裝完成后配置網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scrip

2、ts/ifcfg-eth0對應(yīng)文件內(nèi)容DEVICE=eth0BOOTPROTO=noneIPADDR=01NETMASK=GATEWAY=ONBOOT=yesHWADDR=00:30:18:AE:3D:4ETYPE=EthernetUSERCTL=noIPV6INIT=noPEERDNS=yes配置完成后重啟網(wǎng)卡 service network restart配置DNSvi /etc/resolv.confsearch localdominnameserver nameserver 驗證是否網(wǎng)絡(luò)正

3、常Ping 查看系統(tǒng)時間date設(shè)置系統(tǒng)時間date -set=“07/07/06 10:19" (月/日/年 時:分:秒)系統(tǒng)時間和硬件時間同步hwclock -systohc 或者 clock systohc查看硬件時間hwclock -show至此，LINUX基本系統(tǒng)安裝完畢。接下來就是軟件安裝3、 重新安裝yum一刪除 RHEL 自帶的 yumrpm -aq|grep yum|xargs rpm -e nodeps安裝：使用Centos的YUM源rpm -ivh python-iniparse-0.3.1-2.1.el6.noarch.rpmrpm -ivh yum-meta

4、data-parser-1.1.2-14.1.el6.x86_64.rpmrpm -ivh yum-3.2.27-14.el6.centos.noarch.rpm yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.26-11.el6.noarch.rpmrpm -ivh yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.26-11.el6.noarch.rpm下載配置文件wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo修改配置文件：mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/Cen

5、tOS-Base.repo.bakvi /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo 輸入以下內(nèi)容： basename=CentOS-6 - Base - baseurl=#mirrorlist=/?release=6&arch=$basearch&repo=osgpgcheck=1gpgkey=/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6#released updates updatesname=CentOS-6 - Updates - bas

6、eurl=#mirrorlist=/?release=6&arch=$basearch&repo=updatesgpgcheck=1gpgkey=/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6#additional packages that may be usefulextrasname=CentOS-6 - Extras - baseurl=#mirrorlist=/?release=6&arch=$ba

7、search&repo=extrasgpgcheck=1gpgkey=/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packagescentosplusname=CentOS-6 - Plus - baseurl=#mirrorlist=/?release=6&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplusgpgcheck=1ena

8、bled=0gpgkey=/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6#contrib - packages by Centos Userscontribname=CentOS-6 - Contrib - baseurl=#mirrorlist=/?release=6&arch=$basearch&repo=contribgpgcheck=1enabled=0gpgkey=/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentO

9、S-6保存并退出執(zhí)行Yum 更新yum update一路y下去。4、 安裝依賴包依賴包根據(jù)應(yīng)用軟件不同而不同。yum -y install gcc gcc-c+ bison patch unzip mlocate flex wget automake autoconf gd cpp gettext readline-devel libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-d

10、evel bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel libidn libidn-devel openldap openldap-devel openldap-clients openldap-servers nss_ldap expat-devel libtool libtool-ltdl-devel openssl*其中 gcc gcc-c+ 是c，c+語言編譯器。是系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行的關(guān)鍵。5、 安裝MYSQL1) mysql版本<5.5cd /usr/local/srct

11、ar -zxf mysql-5.1.45.tar.gzcd mysql-5.1.45./configure -prefix=/usr/local/mysql -enable-assembler -enable-thread-safe-client -with-extra-charsets=all -with-big-tables -with-readline -with-ssl -with-embedded-server -enable-local-infile -with-plugins=partition,innodb_plugin,myisam,myisammrgmake &&a

12、mp; make installgroupadd mysql -g 27useradd mysql -u 27 -g 27 -c "MySQL Server" -d /var/lib/mysql Mcp /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/my-f /etc/f/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db -user=mysqlchown -R mysql /usr/local/mysql/varchgrp -R mysql /usr/local/mysql/.cp /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql

13、/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqlchmod u+x /etc/init.d/mysqlchkconfig -level 345 mysql onln -s /usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql /usr/lib/mysqlln -s /usr/local/mysql/include/mysql /usr/include/mysqlln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config /usr/bin/mysql_configservice mysql start/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin

14、 -u root password rootservice mysql restartservice mysql stop2) 如果mysql版本>=5.5，則必須使用cmake編譯l 下載并安裝cmakewget /files/v2.8/cmake-2.8.7.tar.gztar -zxf cmake-2.8.7.tar.gzcd cmake-2.8.7./configuremake && make installl 建立所需目錄，并配置相應(yīng)權(quán)限groupadd mysqluseradd -g mysql mysqlmkdir /u

15、sr/local/mysqlmkdir -p /data/mysql/datamkdir -p /data/mysql/logmkdir -p /data/mysql/relaychown -R mysql.mysql /data/mysqlmkdir /etc/mysqlchown mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysqlchown mysql.mysql /etc/mysqlchmod 755 /etc/mysqlchmod 755 /data/mysqlchmod 755 /usr/local/mysqll 開始安裝Mysql5.5tar -zxf mysql-5.5.1

16、4.tar.gz cd mysql-5.5.14cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysql/data/ -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_R

17、EADLINE=1 -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 -DWITH_DEBUG=0 -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc/mysqlmake && make installl 源代碼配置說明-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX= 數(shù)據(jù)庫程序安裝路徑;-DMYSQL_DATADIR= 數(shù)據(jù)庫文件存放路徑-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR= 默認(rèn)位置是/tmp/mysql.sock-DDEFAULT_CHARSET= 默認(rèn)數(shù)據(jù)庫編碼-DDEFAULT_COLLATION= 默認(rèn)數(shù)據(jù)庫整理編碼-DWITH_EXT

18、RA_CHARSETS= 擴(kuò)展支持編碼(all | utf8,gbk,gb2312 | none)-DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE= MYISAM引擎支持(1|0)-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE= innoDB引擎支持(1|0)-DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE= MEMORY引擎支持(1|0)-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc f存放目錄l 安裝初始化數(shù)據(jù)庫/usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db -user=mysql -basedir=/usr/local/mysql -

19、datadir=/data/mysql/data &l 設(shè)置配置文件vi /etc/mysql/f 修改為mysqlsocket=/data/mysql/mysql.sockmysqlddatadir=/data/mysql/datasocket=/data/mysql/mysql.sockclientsocket=/data/mysql/mysql.sockmysqld_safelog-error=/var/log/mysqld.logpid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pidl 初始化管理員密碼cp /usr/local/mysql/support-fi

20、les/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqlservice mysql start/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password '123456'l 設(shè)置開機(jī)啟動chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqlchkconfig -add mysqlchkconfig mysql on/查看開機(jī)啟動配置結(jié)果chkconfig -list | grep mysql顯示如下：mysql 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:offl 錯誤及解決“server PID file

21、 could not be found!”遇到以上錯誤則kill所有相關(guān)進(jìn)程ps aux |grep mysq*kill 99999999pid找不到就新建ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/tmp/mysql.sock' (2)以上錯誤為數(shù)據(jù)庫沒有啟動Service mysql start 即可重啟mysql服務(wù)無效則可嘗試Service mysql stop然后刪除/data/mysql/mysql.sockService mysql startl 設(shè)置動態(tài)

22、鏈接庫echo "/usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql" >> /etc/ld.so.confecho "/usr/local/lib" >>/etc/ld.so.confldconfigln -s /usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql /usr/lib/mysqlln -s /usr/local/mysql/include/mysql /usr/include/mysqlln -s /usr/local/mysql/mysql_config /usr/bin/mysql_config6、 安裝 a

23、pachel 編譯安裝Apachecd /usr/local/srctar -zxf httpd-2.2.22.tar.gzcd httpd-2.2.22./configure -prefix=/usr/local/apache -enable-headers -enable-mime-magic -enable-proxy -enable-rewrite -enable-ssl -enable-suexec -disable-userdir -with-included-apr -with-mpm=prefork -with-ssl=/usr -with-suexec-caller=nobo

24、dy -with-suexec-docroot=/ -with-suexec-gidmin=100 -with-suexec-logfile=/usr/local/apache/logs/suexec_log -with-suexec-uidmin=100 -with-suexec-userdir=public_htmlmakemake install/mkdir /usr/local/apache/domlogsl 查看當(dāng)前httpd默認(rèn)加載模塊/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -ll 加入啟動項cp /usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl /e

25、tc/init.d/httpdl 配置apache配置參數(shù)文件httpd.conf,位于/usr/local/apache/conf/目錄cd /usr/local/apache/conf/mv httpd.conf httpd.conf.bakmkdir vhostsvi httpd.conf輸入以下內(nèi)容：PidFile logs/httpd.pidLockFile logs/accept.lockServerRoot "/usr/local/apache"Listen :81User nobodyGroup nobodyServerAdmin server

26、ServerName Timeout 300KeepAlive OffMaxKeepAliveRequests 100KeepAliveTimeout 5UseCanonicalName OffAccessFileName .htaccessTraceEnable OffServerTokens ProductOnlyFileETag NoneServerSignature OffHostnameLookups Off# LoadModule perl_module modules/mod_perl.soLoadModule php5_module modules/libphp5.soLoad

27、Module rpaf_module modules/mod_rpaf-2.0.so#LoadModule rewrite_module modules/mod_rewrite.so#Mod_rpaf settingsRPAFenable OnRPAFproxy_ips 41 your_ipsRPAFsethostname OnRPAFheader X-Forwarded-ForDocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache/htdocs"<Directory "/"> Options

28、 ExecCGI FollowSymLinks Includes IncludesNOEXEC -Indexes -MultiViews SymLinksIfOwnerMatch Order allow,deny Allow from all AllowOverride All</Directory><Directory "/usr/local/apache/htdocs"> Options Includes -Indexes FollowSymLinks AllowOverride All Order allow,deny Allow from a

29、ll</Directory>DefaultType text/plainRewriteEngine onAddType text/html .shtmlAddHandler cgi-script .cgi .pl .plx .ppl .perlAddHandler server-parsed .shtml<IfModule mime_module> TypesConfig conf/mime.types AddType application/perl .pl .plx .ppl .perl AddType application/x-img .img AddType

30、application/x-httpd-php .php .php3 .php4 .php5 .php6 AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps AddType application/cgi .cgi AddType text/x-sql .sql AddType text/x-log .log AddType text/x-config .cnf conf AddType text/x-registry .reg AddType application/x-compress .Z AddType application/x-gzip .gz

31、 .tgz AddType text/html .shtml AddType application/x-tar .tgz AddType application/rar .rar AddType application/x-compressed .rar AddType application/x-rar .rar AddType application/x-rar-compressed .rar AddType text/vnd.wap.wml .wml AddType image/vnd.wap.wbmp .wbmp AddType text/vnd.wap.wmlscript .wml

32、s AddType application/vnd.wap.wmlc .wmlc AddType application/vnd.wap.wmlscriptc .wmlsc</IfModule><IfModule dir_module> DirectoryIndex index.html index.htm index.shtml index.php index.perl index.pl index.cgi</IfModule><Files "error_log$"> Order allow,deny Deny from a

33、ll Satisfy All</Files><FilesMatch ".ht"> Order allow,deny Deny from all Satisfy All</FilesMatch>ErrorLog "logs/error_log"LogLevel warn<IfModule log_config_module> LogFormat "%h %l %u %t "%r" %>s %b "%Refereri" "%User-Agenti

34、"" combined LogFormat "%h %l %u %t "%r" %>s %b" common <IfModule logio_module> LogFormat "%h %l %u %t "%r" %>s %b "%Refereri" "%User-Agenti" %I %O" combinedio </IfModule> CustomLog "logs/access_log" com

35、mon</IfModule><IfModule alias_module> ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "/usr/local/apache/cgi-bin/"</IfModule><Directory "/usr/local/apache/cgi-bin"> AllowOverride None Options None Order allow,deny Allow from all</Directory><IfModule mpm_prefork_module>

36、StartServers 3 MinSpareServers 3 MaxSpareServers 5 MaxClients 150 MaxRequestsPerChild 1024</IfModule><IfModule mod_headers.c><FilesMatch ".(html|htm|shtml)$">Header set Cache-Control "max-age=3600, must-revalidate"</FilesMatch></IfModule>ReadmeName R

37、EADME.htmlHeaderName HEADER.htmlIndexIgnore .?* * *# HEADER* README* RCS CVS *,v *,tInclude conf/extra/httpd-languages.conf<Location /server-status> SetHandler server-status Order deny,allow Deny from all Allow from </Location>ExtendedStatus On<Location /server-info> SetHa

38、ndler server-info Order deny,allow Deny from all Allow from </Location><IfModule ssl_module>Listen :443AddType application/x-x509-ca-cert .crtAddType application/x-pkcs7-crl .crlSSLCipherSuite ALL:!ADH:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:-LOW:-SSLv2:-EXPSSLPassPhraseDialog builtinSSLSessionCac

39、he dbm:/usr/local/apache/logs/ssl_scacheSSLSessionCacheTimeout 300SSLMutex file:/usr/local/apache/logs/ssl_mutexSSLRandomSeed startup builtinSSLRandomSeed connect builtin</IfModule>#VhostsNameVirtualHost :81NameVirtualHost *Include conf/vhosts/*.cnf7、 編譯安裝PHPa) 編譯安裝相關(guān)支持庫i. Libiconv 字符

40、集轉(zhuǎn)換cd /usr/local/srctar -zxf libiconv-1.14.tar.gzcd libiconv-1.14/./configuremakemake installii. Libmcrypt 加密擴(kuò)展cd /usr/local/srctar -zxf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gzcd libmcrypt-2.5.8/./configuremakemake install/sbin/ldconfigcd libltdl/./configure -enable-ltdl-installmakemake installiii. Mhash mhash函數(shù)庫cd

41、/usr/local/srctar -zxf mhash-.tar.gzcd mhash-/./configuremakemake installiv. 連接文件ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib/libmcrypt.laln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib/libmcrypt.soln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.

42、4.8 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib/libmhash.aln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib/libmhash.laln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib/libmhash.soln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib/libmhas

43、h.so.2.0.1b) 安裝PHPcd /usr/local/srctar -zxf php-5.3.10.tar.gzpatch -d php-5.3.10 -p1 < php5-mail-header.patchcd php-5.3.10./configure -prefix=/usr/local -with-config-file-path=/etc -with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs -enable-bcmath -enable-calendar -enable-exif -enable-ftp -enable-gd-native-tt

44、f -enable-libxml -enable-magic-quotes -enable-mbstring -enable-pdo=shared -enable-soap -enable-sockets -enable-zip -with-bz2 -with-curl -with-curlwrappers -with-freetype-dir -with-gd -with-gettext -with-jpeg-dir -with-kerberos -with-libxml-dir=/usr -with-mcrypt=/usr -with-mhash=/usr -with-mysql=/usr

45、/local/mysql -with-mysql-sock=/tmp/mysql.sock -with-mysqli=/usr/bin/mysql_config -with-pdo-mysql=shared -with-pdo-sqlite=shared -with-png-dir=/usr -with-sqlite=shared -enable-gd-native-ttf -with-xmlrpc -with-zlib -with-zlib-dir=/usr -with-iconv 如果碰到mysql_config not found的問題，有兩種方法解決：1）sudo ln -s /usr

46、/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config /usr/local/bin/mysql_config將mysql_confi從你的安裝目錄鏈接到/usr/local/bin目錄下，這樣就可以在任意目錄下訪問了（也可以放到/usr/bin）2）編輯源碼文件夾的site.cfg文件，去掉#mysql_config = /usr/local/bin/mysql_config前的注釋，修改后面的路徑為你的mysql_config真正的目錄就可以了。（如果不知道m(xù)ysql_config在哪里，運(yùn)行命令：whereis mysql_config）使用下面的：/去掉-with-mysqli=/

47、usr/bin/mysql_config的sudo ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config /usr/local/bin/mysql_config./configure -prefix=/usr/local -with-config-file-path=/etc -with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs -enable-bcmath -enable-calendar -enable-exif -enable-ftp -enable-gd-native-ttf -enable-libxml -enable-magic-q

48、uotes -enable-mbstring -enable-pdo=shared -enable-soap -enable-sockets -enable-zip -with-bz2 -with-curl -with-curlwrappers -with-freetype-dir -with-gd -with-gettext -with-jpeg-dir -with-kerberos -with-libxml-dir=/usr -with-mcrypt=/usr -with-mhash=/usr -with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql -with-mysql-sock=/t

49、mp/mysql.sock -with-pdo-mysql=shared -with-pdo-sqlite=shared -with-png-dir=/usr -with-sqlite=shared -enable-gd-native-ttf -with-xmlrpc -with-zlib -with-zlib-dir=/usr -with-iconv make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv'make installcp php.ini-production /etc/php.ini8、 安裝其他擴(kuò)展a) Memcache cd /usr/local/src

50、tar -zxf memcache-2.2.5.tgzcd memcache-2.2.5/phpize./configure -with-php-config=/usr/local/bin/php-config -with-zlib-dir -enable-memcachemakemake installb) Memcached （可選）1. 安裝依賴庫cd /usr/local/srctar -xzf libevent-2.0.13-stable.tar.gzcd libevent-2.0.13-stable./configuremakemake installln -s /usr/loca

51、l/lib/libevent-1.4.so.2 /usr/libln -s /usr/local/lib/libevent-2.0.so.5 /usr/lib2. 安裝memcachedtar -xzf memcached-1.4.7.tar.gzcd memcached-1.4.7./configure -with-libevent=/usrmakemake install3. 基本使用方法:啟動:/usr/local/bin/memcached -d m 10240 -p 11211 -u nobody -l localhost-d選項是啟動一個守護(hù)進(jìn)程，-m是分配給Memcache使用的

52、內(nèi)存數(shù)量，單位是MB，-u是運(yùn)行Memcache的用戶-l是監(jiān)聽的服務(wù)器IP地址，如果有多個地址的話，我這里指定了服務(wù)器的IP地址00，-p是設(shè)置Memcache監(jiān)聽的端口-c選項是最大運(yùn)行的并發(fā)連接數(shù)，默認(rèn)是1024，我這里設(shè)置了256，按照你服務(wù)器的負(fù)載量來設(shè)定，關(guān)閉:killall -9 memcached讓Memcached開機(jī)啟動查看memcached進(jìn)程ps axf|grep memcached4. 加入啟動項echo "/usr/local/bin/memcached -d -m 10240 -p 11211 -u nobody -l localh

53、ost " >> /etc/rc.localc) Eacceleratorcd /usr/local/srctar -jxf eaccelerator-.tar.bz2cd eaccelerator-/phpize./configure -enable-eaccelerator=shared -with-php-config=/usr/local/bin/php-configmakemake installmkdir -p /tmp/eacceleratorchmod 777 /tmp/eacceleratorecho "mkdir

54、-p /tmp/eaccelerator" >> /etc/rc.localecho "chmod 777 /tmp/eaccelerator" >> /etc/rc.locald) Imagick安裝ImageMagick服務(wù)cd /usr/local/srctar -zxf imageMagick.tar.gzcd ImageMagick-*./configuremakemake install安裝擴(kuò)展tar -zxf imagick-2.3.0.tgzcd imagick-2.3.0/phpize./configure -with-p

55、hp-config=/usr/local/bin/php-configmakemake installe) Suhosin php安全保護(hù)系統(tǒng)cd /usr/local/srctar -zxf suhosin-0.9.29.tgzcd suhosin-0.9.29phpize./configuremakemake installf) ioncube_loaders PHP源碼加密解密cd /usr/local/srctar -zxf ioncube_loaders_lin_x86.tar.gzcd ioncubemkdir /usr/local/ioncubemv ioncube_loader_lin_5.2.so /usr/local/ioncube/g) ZendOptimizer PHP代碼優(yōu)化插件cd /usr/local/srctar -zxf ZendOptimizer-3.3.9-linux-glibc23-i386.tar.gzmkdir -p /usr/local/Zend/lib/Optimizer-3.3.9/php-5.2.xcp ZendOptimizer-3.3.9-linux-glibc23-i386/data/5_2_x_comp/ZendOptimizer.s