從句長難句商務合同的翻譯

1、第十章 英語從句的翻譯 Translation of clauses 一、定語從句的翻譯英語中定語從句分為限定性和非限定性從句兩種。兩者之間的區(qū)別在于限制意義是強還是弱，前者的限制意義很強，后者的限制意義很弱。定語從句在商務英語中應用較廣泛。一般有三種翻譯方法：合并法、分譯法和混合法。1合并法(1)Pollution is a pressing problem which we must deal with.污染是我們必須解決的一個迫切問題。(2) If the Buyer is unable to sell out the amount of goods which he has agree

2、d to purchase from the Seller, the Buyer may reduce the quantity of goods to be delivered to him by giving written notice thereof to the Seller before the shipment is made.如果買方不能銷售他已同意從賣方所購數(shù)量的貨物，買方可以書面通知賣方減少發(fā)貨數(shù)量，再要求賣方發(fā)貨。(3) Party B guarantees that the technical documents to be supplied by Party B ar

3、e the latest technical information which has been put into practical used by Party B.乙方保證所提供的技術資料是乙方經過實際使用的最新技術資料。(4)Shipment shall be commenced within 10 months counting from the date when the contract has come into force and completed within 16months.自合同生效之日起計算，10個月內裝運，16個月內交付完畢。(5) The party, who

4、 sets up a breach of the Contract, shall be under a duty to take all necessary measures to mitigate the loss which has occurred.A違反合同的一方有責任采取所有必要的措施減輕已經發(fā)生的損失。（6）There was another man who seemed to have answer, and that was Robert McNamara.另外一個人似乎胸有成竹,那就是麥克納馬拉。2分譯法(1)A fuel is a material which will b

5、urn at a reasonable temperature and produce heat.燃料是一種物質，在適當溫度下能燃燒并放出熱量。(2)A healthy diet includes enough but too many kinds of foods that provide thee body with the nutrients that it needs to function properly.健康的飲食包括的食物應該充足但不過多。這些食物提供身體正?；顒铀匦璧臓I養(yǎng)。(3) The combination of satellites, which transmit i

6、nformation, computer, which store information, and television, which displays information will change every home into and education and entertainment center.傳輸信息的衛(wèi)星，儲存信息的電腦，顯示信息的電視三者的結合會把每一個家庭變成一個教育和娛樂中心。(4)The Seller ensure that all the equipment listed in Appendix One to the Contract are brand-new

7、 products whose performance shall be in conformity with the Contract and which are manufactured according to current Chinese National Standards or Manufactures Standard.賣方保證本合同附件一所列全部設備都是新產品，是根據(jù)現(xiàn)行的中國國家標準，或生產廠的標準制造的，其性能符合合同規(guī)定。3 混合法（混合法是把原句中的主語和從句溶合在一起譯成一個獨立的句子）1 / 32(1)We used a plane of which almost

8、 every part carried some identification of national identity.我們駕駛的飛機幾乎每一個部件都有國籍的某些標志。(2)Fortunately, there are some chemical fuel that are clean and smokeless.幸好有些化學燃料是潔凈無煙的。(3)There was another man who seemed to have answers, and that was Robert MeNamara.另外一個人似乎胸有成竹,那就是麥克納馬拉。二、同位語從句1保持原文的語序He expre

9、ssed the hope that he would come over to visit China again.他表示期望能再來中國訪問。We are not investigating the question whether he is trustworthy.我們不是在調查他是否可以信任的問題。2譯為類似定語的結構或獨成一句Yet, from the beginning the fact that I was alive was ignored.然而，從一開始，我仍活著這個事實卻偏偏被忽視了。It does not alter the fact that he is the man

10、 responsible for the delay.遲延應由他負責，這個事實是改變不了的。3加入冒號、破折號或“這樣”、“這一”、“即”等字眼進行翻譯（But considering realistically, we had to face the fact that our prospects were less than good.但是現(xiàn)實考慮一下，我們不得不正視這樣一個事實：我們的前景并不妙。That fact that the gravity of the earth pulls everything towards the center of the earth explains

11、 many things.地球引力把一切東西都吸向地心這一事實解釋了許多現(xiàn)象。Not long ago the scientists made an exciting discovery that this “waste” material could be turned into plastics.不久以前，科學家們有了一個令人振奮的發(fā)現(xiàn)，即可以把這種廢物變成塑料。4改變原文的同位語結構，用漢語的無主句或其他方式譯出An order has been given that the researchers who are now in the skylab should be sent bac

12、k.已下命令將現(xiàn)在在航天實驗室里的研究人員送回來。Even the most precisely conducted experiments offer no hope that the result can be obtained without any error.即使是最精確的實驗，也沒有希望獲得無任何誤差的實驗結果。However, the writing of chemical symbols in the form of an equation does not give any assurance that the reaction shown will actually occ

13、ur.但是，將化學符號寫成反應式，并不意味著所表示的反應確實會發(fā)生。And there was the possibility that a small electrical sport might accidentally bypass the most carefully planned circuit.而且總有這種可能性- 一個小小的電火花,可能會意外地繞過了最為精心設計的線路.三、狀語從句的翻譯英語狀語和狀語從句的功能可表示時間、地點、原因、條件、讓步和目的等。（1He had scarcely handed me the later when he asked me to read

14、it.他把信一交給我，就叫我念給他聽。e.g. Make a mark where you have any doubts or questions.在有疑問的地方做個記號。e.g. The crops failed because the season was dry.因為氣候干燥，作物欠收。e.g. Granted the this true, what conclusion can you draw?假設這是實際情況，你又能得出什么結論呢。e.g. While this is true of some, it is not true of all.雖然有一部分是真的，但不見得都是真的。e

15、.g. We should star early so that we might get there before noon.我們應當早點動身，這樣就能在正午之前趕到那里。但在商務英語中，特別是在國際商務合同中，商務合同是合同各方就相互權利義務達成一致意見而訂立的書面文件。這種書面文件主要約定雙方應享有的權利和應履行的義務，但這種權利的行使和義務的履行，均附有各種條件。當條件成熟時，當事人的權利才能實現(xiàn)，或義務方可履行。1狀語(1) in case of e.g. In case of quality discrepancy, claims shall be filed by the Buy

16、er within 30 days after the arrival of the goods at the port of destination.若發(fā)生質量索賠，買方的索賠必須在貨物到達目的港的30天內提出。(2) in the event ofe.g. In the event of graft or serious dereliction of duty on the part of the general manager and/or deputy general managers, the Board of Directors shall have the power to di

17、smiss them at will.若總經理和/或副總經理有營私舞弊或嚴重失職時，董事會有權隨時將其撤換。(3) in consideration of 考慮到； 鑒于； 由于e.g. In consideration of the Licenses and technical assistance provided herein, the Joint Venture Company shall pay Party A technical assistance fees in USD.考慮到許可以及在此提供的技術援助，合資公司將以美圓的方式支付甲方技術援助費。(4) subject to 在

18、條件下；根據(jù).規(guī)定；在.規(guī)定的范圍內；以為有效。e.g. Subject to the terms to this Agreement, the Producer agrees to be bound by the terms to the following markrting agreement.在本協(xié)議的條件下，制造商同意接受下列銷售協(xié)議各項條款的約束。2狀語從句（1）If the Force Majeure event lasts over 60 days, the Buyer shall have the right to cancel the Contract or the und

19、elivered part of the Contract.若不可抗力事件持續(xù)60天以上，買方有權撤消本合同或合同中未完成的部分。（2）In case no settlement can be reached through negotiation, the case shall then be submitted to Arbitration Tribunal of the Stockholm Chamber of Commerce in accordance with the Arbitration Rules and Pricedure of the said Tribunal.如通過協(xié)

20、商仍不能達成協(xié)議時，應提交斯德哥爾摩商會仲裁院，根據(jù)該院的仲裁規(guī)則和程序進行仲裁。（3）In the event that deficiencies in the Equipment become evident, such deficiencies shall be corrected by ABC during the two days per week during which the Purchaser will not be testing.若發(fā)現(xiàn)設備有缺陷，應由ABC用每周買方不進行試驗的這兩天時間對設備予以校正。（4）Should any of the stipulations

21、to the Contract be altered, amended, supplemented or deleted, the same shall be negotiated between and agreed upon by both parties and written documents shall be sighed by the representatives of both parties.本合同條款的任何變更、修改或增刪，須經雙方協(xié)商同意，并由雙方代表簽署書面文件為有效。（5）Neither party shall have the right to represent

22、 the other party unless otherwise arranged.除另有安排者外，任何一方無權代表另一方。（unless從句中的主語和動詞常be省去。）（6）We can sell a lot of garments provided that your price is highly competitive.如果你方價格很有競爭性，我方就可大量出售。二、 練習1. “Net Selling Price” means the price at which the product is sold by Party B from time to time after deduc

23、tion of packing, installation and freight charges, trade and quantity discount, commission, insurance and commodity tax, if any, directly applicable of product.2.The Sellers shall not be responsible for delay in shipment or non-delivery of the goods due to Force Majeure, which has occurred during th

24、e manufacturing process or in the course of loading or in transit.3. We know that a cat, whose eyes can take in many more rays of light than our eyes, can see clearly in the night.4. When one party to the Joint Venture Company assigns all or part of his investment, the other party has preemptive rig

25、ht.5. In case the Buyer finds any document incorrect, the buyer is obliged to cable the Seller indicating the incorrect items. The cable shall be sent within 20 days after the Bank of China , Beijing Branch has received the Sellers documents.1. “Net Selling Price” means the price at which the produc

26、t is sold by Party B from time to time after deduction of packing, installation and freight charges, trade and quantity discount, commission, insurance and commodity tax, if any, directly applicable of product.“凈銷售價”,是指在扣除合同產品的包裝費、安裝費、運輸費、商業(yè)和數(shù)量折扣、傭金、保險費和商品稅之后，乙方通過銷售合同產品的價格。2.The Sellers shall not be

27、 responsible for delay in shipment or non-delivery of the goods due to Force Majeure, which has occurred during the manufacturing process or in the course of loading or in transit. 因為在生產、裝運或運輸過程中發(fā)生的不可抗力事件，賣方對遲交或未交貨不負責任。(定語從句轉譯成狀語)3. We know that a cat, whose eyes can take in many more rays of light

28、than our eyes, can see clearly in the night.我們知道由于貓的眼睛比我們人的眼睛能吸收更多的光線，所以貓在黑夜也能看得很清楚。4. When one party to the Joint Venture Company assigns all or part of his investment, the other party has preemptive right.如果合資公司一方擬轉讓其全部或部分出資額，另一方有優(yōu)先購買權。5. In case the Buyer finds any document incorrect, the buyer i

29、s obliged to cable the Seller indicating the incorrect items. The cable shall be sent within 20 days after the Bank of China , Beijing Branch has received the Sellers documents. 買方如發(fā)現(xiàn)文件有錯誤時，應在中國銀行北京市分行收到賣方文件之日起20天內電告賣方，并指出錯誤項目。第十二章 英語難句和長句的翻譯Teaching Objectives (教學目的):1. To make students understand

30、the importance of translation2. To help the students know the character of long sentences in translation.Teaching Requirements(教學要求): Students are able to get a clear picture of the text . Students are required to master the new words and phrases in this part. Students should read some reading mater

31、ials and do exercises after class .Teaching methodology(教學方法): Communicative method (交際法) Cognitive method(認知法): Functional and notional method(功能意念法) The grammar-translation method Time Distributive(時間分配)1. Preparation and analyses of the text (2 hours) Analyses of the text A and exercises (1 hours

32、)Focuses in teaching (教學難點)1.Translation of the difficult sentencesTeaching Procedures (教學過程)一、 英漢翻譯中譯文句式的重組1This Contract is made by and between the Buyer and the Seller, whereby the Buyer agrees to buy and the Seller agrees to sell the under-mentioned commodity according to the terms and condition

33、s stipulated below.買賣雙方同意按下列條款購買、出售下述商品，并簽訂本合同。(動作的發(fā)出者譯為主語)2. But without Adolf Hitler, who was possessed of a demoniac personality, a granite will, uncanny instincts, a cold ruthlessness, a remarkable intellect, a soaring imagination and-until toward the end, when drunk with power and success, he o

34、ver reached himself-an amazing capacity to size up people and situations, there almost certainly would never have been a Third Reich.然而,如果沒有阿道夫·希特勒， 那就幾乎可以肯定不會有第三帝國。因為阿道夫·希特勒有著惡魔般的性格、花崗巖般的意志、不可思議的本能、無情的冷酷、杰出的智力、深遠的想象力以及對人和對局勢的判斷力。這種判斷力最后由于權力和勝利沖昏了頭腦而自不量力，終于弄巧成拙。分析：這個句子由一個主句，一個非限定性定語從句和一個狀語

35、從句組成。插入主句中間的是一個由who引導的非限定性定語從句。這個從句較長，句中又插入了一個用破折號分開的，由until引導時間狀語從句。這個狀語從句對非限定性定語從句的后面部分作了些補充說明，因而，雖然具有相對的獨立意義，仍可根據(jù)邏輯關系，將該句譯文置于句尾。（全句有兩層主要意思：如果沒有阿道夫·希特勒， 那就幾乎可以肯定不會有第三帝國；希特勒在性格、智力、能力等方面具有的某些特點。原文各句的邏輯關系和表達順序與漢語大致一致，但因從句是插入成分，和漢語表達習慣不同，所以，翻譯時順中有逆，可以綜合處理/重組）3. Applied science, on the other hand,

36、 is directly concerned with the application of the working laws of pure science to the practical affairs of life, and to increasing mans control over his environment, thus leading to the development of techniques, processes and machines.應用科學則直接涉及應用問題。它研究的是如何將純科學的工作定律應用于實際生活、應用于加強人類對其周圍環(huán)境的控制，從而導致新技術、

37、新工藝和新機器的產生。二、順譯法1.It was on a Sunday evening, when he was lying in the orchard listening to a blackbird and composing a love poem that he heard the gate swing to, and saw the girl coming running among the trees, with the red-cheeked, stupid Joe in swift pursuit.一個星期日的傍晚，他正躺在果園里，一面在聽畫眉鳥的啁啾，一面寫一首愛情詩，忽

38、然聽得大門砰地關上，接著看見那姑娘從樹叢里奔來，后面飛跟著那呆頭呆腦的紅臉的喬。分析：這個句子是由一個強調句（時間），一個狀語從句和二個現(xiàn)在分詞短語表示伴隨的時間狀語，還有一個介詞短語。2. Four scores and seven years ago our father brought fourth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and the proposition that all men are created equal.87年前，我們的先輩們在這個大陸上創(chuàng)立了一個新的國家，它以自由為立國之本，奉行所

39、有人生來平等的原則。三、倒置法（按照漢語的邏輯順序進行翻譯）1. And he know how ashamed he would have been if he had known his mother and the kind of place in which he was born, and the kind of people among whom he was born.他出生在這樣一類人中間，他出生在這種地方，他有這樣的母親；這些要是讓他知道了的話，他知道該多么丟人。分析：這個句子由一個賓語從句，一個條件從句（在從句中的主語用and連接另外兩個名詞詞組作賓語）和兩個定語從句。2.

40、 In reality, the lines of division between sciences are becoming blurred, and science again approaching the “unity” that it had two centuries agoalthough the accumulated knowledge is enormously greater now, and no one person can hope to comprehend more than a fraction of it.雖然現(xiàn)在積累起來的知識要多得多，而一個人也只可能了

41、解其中的一小部分，但事實上，各科學之間界線卻變得模糊不清，科學再次近似于兩百年前那樣的“單一整體”。3. And I take heart from the fact that enemy, which boasts that it can occupy the strategic point in a couple of hours, has not yet been able to take even the outlying regions, because of the stiff resistance that gets in the way.吹噓能在幾小時內就能占領戰(zhàn)略要地的敵人,

42、由于一路受到頑強抵抗,甚至還沒有能占領外圍地帶.這一事實使我增強了信心.四、分譯法（拆譯）1.When Smith was drunk, he used to beat his wife and daughter; and the next morning, with a headache, he would rail at the world for its neglect of his genius, and abuse, with a good deal of cleverness, and sometimes with perfect reason, the fools, his br

43、other painters.史密斯喝醉之后常常打老婆和女兒； 第二天帶著頭痛發(fā)牢騷， 抱怨世人不能賞識他的才華。他痛罵同行的畫家都是糊涂蟲。話很尖刻，有時候也有道理。分析：這個句子由一個主從復合句（即狀語從句）， 一個由And連接起來另一個句子和二個由引起的介詞短語作狀語。2.Article I of the GATT is the celebrated most favored nation (MFN) clause under which each member nation must give treatment to other member nations imports and

44、exports that is at least as favorable as that applied to the most favored nation.關稅及貿易總協(xié)定的第一條是著名的最惠國條款，每一個成員國給予其他成員國的進出口貨物的待遇至少和給予最惠國的待遇同樣的優(yōu)惠。3. The foreign visitors watched in a fascinated manner the tournament held in Beijing, which exhibited a superb performance in smash service, twist service, s

45、teady service, high drop and killing and ended in a draw.外賓觀看了在北京舉行的這場錦標賽。這場比賽在發(fā)扣球、轉球、 保險球、吊球和扣殺方面技術都十分精湛，最后打成了平局。他們看得簡直人了迷。五、練習1.They (The poor)are the first to experience technological progress as a curse which destroys the old muscle-power jobs that previous generations used as a means to fight t

46、heir way out of poverty. 2.The United Nations Secretary General say he is sure the Security Council will approve the agreement with Iraq about UN arms inspectors.3. A great number of graduate students were driven into the intellectual slum when in the United States the intellectual poor became the c

47、lassic poor, the poor under the rather romantic guise of Beat Generation, a real phenomenon in the late fifties.4. My mother, Jane Lampton Clements, died in her 88th year, a mighty age for one who at 40 was so delicate of body as to be accounted a confirmed invalid destined to pass soon away.參考譯文五、練

48、習1. They (The poor)are the first to experience technological progress as a curse which destroys the old muscle-power jobs that previous generations used as a means to fight their way out of poverty.對于以往的幾代人來說，舊式的體力勞動是一種用以擺脫貧苦的手段，而技術的進步則摧毀了窮人賴以為生的體力勞動。因此，首先體驗到技術進步之害的是窮人。（重組）2. The United Nations Secr

49、etary General say he is sure the Security Council will approve the agreement with Iraq about UN arms inspectors.聯(lián)合國秘書長說他確信安理會會批準與伊拉克達成的有關聯(lián)合國武器核查人員的協(xié)議。（順譯）3. A great number of graduate students were driven into the intellectual slum when in the United States the intellectual poor became the classic p

50、oor, the poor under the rather romantic guise of Beat Generation, a real phenomenon in the late fifties.50年代后期的美國出現(xiàn)了一個真正的奇觀： 窮知識分子以“垮掉的一代”這種頗為浪漫的姿態(tài)出現(xiàn)而成為美國的典型的窮人。正是在這個時候大批大學畢業(yè)生被趕進了知識分子貧民窟。（倒置）4. My mother, Jane Lampton Clements, died in her 88th year, a mighty age for one who at 40 was so delicate of

51、 body as to be accounted a confirmed invalid destined to pass soon away.我的母親簡蘭普頓克來門斯是在她88歲那年去世的。 這對于一位40歲就身體纖弱、被公認有痼疾纏身、注定不久于人世的人來說，是難得的高齡。5. The first technical service shall start in the sixth day after the contract comes into effect. Party B shall send a specialist to Party As factory to provide

52、technical service for 12 working day/man.第一次技術服務應始于本合同生效之日起第六天.乙方應派遣一名技術人員赴甲方工廠,提供12 工作人/日的技術指導。第十八章 商務合同的翻譯Teaching Objectives (教學目的):1. To make students understand the importance of translation2. To help students translate the clauses correctly.3. To require the students to know the character of i

53、nternational business contact in translation.Teaching Requirements(教學要求):1. Students are able to get a clear picture of the text .2. Students are required to master the new words and phrases in this part.3. Students should read some reading materials and do exercises after class .Teaching methodolog

54、y(教學方法):1. Communicative method (交際法)2. Cognitive method(認知法):3. Functional and notional method(功能意念法)4. The grammar-translation method Time Distributive(時間分配)1. Preparation and analyses of the text (2 hours)2.Analyses of the text A and exercises (1 hours)Focuses in teaching (教學難點)1. The character o

55、f international business contact in translation.Teaching Procedures (教學過程)一、商務合同的種類合同類文件是具有法律性質的文件，主要包括合同、契約、協(xié)議和意向等，是雙方當事人或單位就某一經濟或商業(yè)活動過程中協(xié)商達成的協(xié)議，對當事雙方具有約束力，因此也被人稱為“契約文體”。這種協(xié)議可以是很正規(guī)的，也可以是非正式的、民間性質的（如租房協(xié)議）。本章討論的合同主要指正式的涉外商務合同，即中國國內企業(yè)或其他經濟組織同外國的企業(yè)、經濟組織或個人之間為實現(xiàn)一定的經濟目的、進行商品交換、融資、經濟技術合作和交流等活動所依法簽訂的、明確雙方權

56、利義務關系的書面協(xié)議。涉外商務合同范圍廣泛、種類繁多。例如；在商品交易方面，有國際貨物買賣合同、成套設備進口合同、包銷合同、代理合同、寄售合同、易貨合同、保管合同、補償貿易合同等。還有在勞務服務方面，投資方面，資金融通方面等等。這些合同雖然種類繁多，但一般都遵循國際慣例且具有官方性質，因此其篇章結構與格式非常正規(guī)且具有程式化、條目化、趨向化的特點。二、涉外商務合同的結構及篇章特點 （閱讀文中第188-192-頁）前面我們講過，國際商務合同范圍廣泛、種類繁多，標的各異，但就其結構而言，一般由三個部分組成：前言、正文、結尾。我們再來回顧一下：首先，合同的前言（Preamble of a contr

57、act）國際商務合同的前言部分，主要包括兩個方面的內容：其一，主要載明合同當事人的名稱或者姓名、國際、主營業(yè)務或者住所（The corporate or personal names of the parties to the contract and their nationalities, principal places of business or residential address）;其二，合同簽訂的日期、地點(the dare and place of signing of the contract)。以上兩項內容主要解決以下法律問題：訂約人是否具有合法主體資格，合同及合同爭議應適用的法律；合同履行地點；合同生效、終止、履行日期及爭議時的司法管轄權等等。例1 本合同由中國ABC公司， 總公司設于中國上海（以下簡稱賣方）與美國XYZ公司， 總公司設于美國紐約州紐約市（以下簡稱買方）于1998年3月29日訂立于中國上海，雙方同意按下述條件買賣下列貨物：This contract is made this 29th day of March, 1998 in shanghai, China by and between ABC Corporation. China (hereinafter referred to as “Sel