商務英語的語言特點

1、商務英語的語言特點語言特點一：要避免使用you-attitude,注意語言表達的態(tài)度和語氣。例:According to our records, it seems that you have forgotten to filet he personal data.改為:According to our records, I didnt find the required personal data. 語言特點二:語言表達準確,簡潔，商務 英語要表達準確,思路清晰,邏輯性強,用具體的語言把信息傳遞給對方。用詞明白易懂,正式規(guī)范,簡短達意。 翻譯技巧:使用約定俗成的術語,用來指貿(mào)易中的概念,例:

2、FOB(free on board-離岸價格),CFR(cost and freight成本.保險加運費)避免使用冗長的表達。例:All applicants who are interested in the job are obligated to provide the names of three references whom we can write to for evaluation of your job performance.改為:All applicants are supposed to provide three references for evaluation o

3、f your job performance. 語言特點三:專業(yè)性強。商務英語大量使用專業(yè)術語。因此要充分理解商務英語的意義和內(nèi)涵,必須有商務理論和商務實務等方面的知識。 翻譯技巧:掌握專業(yè)術語,并注意術語在具體語境中的運用，例一:The seller should present the following documents required for negotiation to the banks.句中和的negotiation應譯為“議付”,而不是常用意思“談判”。例二:quotation and offer為報盤和發(fā)盤;商業(yè)發(fā)票為commercial invoice;匯票為bill

4、of exchange等。 語言特點四:存在文化差異。商務英語是一種交際語言,只有當說話者對談話的背景有著共同的認識和理解時,口語交際的目的才能實現(xiàn)。因此要掌握一定的異國文化背景,使來自不同文化的人能夠很快融洽。 翻譯技巧:例一:大白兔在我們看來是親切可愛的,但在澳大利亞大量野兔破壞草原與牛羊爭食,影響畜牧業(yè)的發(fā)展,不受人們歡迎。因而如果把大白兔譯為“White Rabbit”并把奶糖銷往澳大利亞,銷量會不如人意。例二:中國人把“龍”看成是民族的圖騰,但是在 英語里Dragon是邪惡的象征,而tiger被認為是“勇猛,富有進取精神”的象征,因此,獎亞洲四小龍翻譯成Four Asian Tige

5、rs就更能確切的表達原意。漢譯英注意事項：1) 根據(jù)你方要求 可譯為: in accordance with your request 或 as per your requirement 但不宜譯為: according to your demand. 前兩種譯法是對的,但顯得有些公事公辦容易產(chǎn)生距離感,因此不如譯為: as you asked / as required / as requested 達意即可.(2) 我方可保證收到訂單后兩周內(nèi)交貨. 解析: 如果"交貨"定義很明確,而且與客戶的貿(mào)易條款已商量妥當,可譯為: We guarantee to deliver

6、the goods within fourteen days of receipt of your order. 但如果"交貨"定義不明,貿(mào)易條款尚未商量妥當時,建議不要落實譯為deliver the goods, 可以采用effect shipment 為好, 為了淡化或者中和漢語原文中的"可保證",而不把話說死,以免被動,可譯為: We would try to effect shipment in fourteen days of the receipt of your order. 因此,在商貿(mào)英語中,漢英表達不必要求句法與詞上的一一對應,關鍵是

7、把事情說清楚,更有效地為促成貿(mào)易而服務.3無論漢語原文是專業(yè)色彩較濃的,還是相對口語化的,用于信函往來的譯文都可以使用一般化的句型和詞匯,只要說清楚事情就行,不必追求風格上的一致.例：如果你方的價格做得開的話,我們相信能成大生意. a.If your prices are in line, we trust important business can materialize. b,If your prices are attractive, we believe we can make big business. 4)很高興收到你方8月25日詢價,根據(jù)你方要求,今寄上有插圖的目錄和明細價目單

8、. a.處理為一大一小兩個簡單句 We were very pleased to receive your inquiry of August 25 and enclose our illustrated catalogue and the detailed price-list as you asked. b,處理為兩個句子. 第一句告知來信收到表示感謝, We are very pleased to receive your inquiry of August 25. We were very pleased to have received your inquiry of August

9、25. 第二句根據(jù)特定要求采取寄上目錄和價單的行動.(漢語原文中省略了主語,英譯文中必須有主語,譯文的主語可以是"我"或"我們"或"我公司",這樣譯文可以是以下的任何一個或其他變體: I am pleased to enclose our illustrated catalogue and the price-list for your reference. We are pleased to enclose our illustrated catalogue and the price-list for your reference

10、.C,譯文主語為"目錄".以物為主語在英語中遠比漢語中用的多. The illustrated catalogue and the detailed price-list you asked for have been enclosed. 5漢語是一種流水句,分句間可以由逗號相連;但英語講究形式上的相互照應,不同語法功能的從句必須反映在句型和關聯(lián)詞上.這是漢譯英中比較重大的一條.也就是說,漢語可以用四個逗號隔出五個分句,但英語不可以,而是要用關聯(lián)詞,從字面形式上體現(xiàn)出其內(nèi)在關系.例：我們希望指出,這里市場競爭激烈,要想成功地銷售出去,你方報價須具有吸引力,否則將有困難1)W

11、e would like to point out that because of the harsh / fierce competition in our market your quotation must be attractive to the buyers at our end before we could sell successfully your products here。如果五個句子綜合考慮,可以變換角度譯為:We would like to point out that your quotation has to be attractive to the buyers

12、 here, otherwise it would be difficult for us to sell your products in this competitive market.經(jīng)貿(mào)英語實用版a minimum living standard system 最低生活保障系統(tǒng)Account 帳戶Accounting equation 會計等式Accounting system 會計系統(tǒng)All Risks 一切險American Accounting Association 美國會計協(xié)會American Institute of CPAs 美國注冊會計師協(xié)會Articulat

13、ion 勾稽關系Assets 資產(chǎn)Audit 審計bad account 壞帳Balance sheet 資產(chǎn)負債表bear market 熊市blank endorsed 空白背書Bookkeepking 簿記bull market 牛市Business entity 企業(yè)個體Capital stock 股本cargo receipt 承運貨物收據(jù)Cash flow prospects 現(xiàn)金流量預測catalogue 商品目錄Certificate in Internal Auditing內(nèi)部審計證書Certificate in Management Accounting 管理會計證書Cer

14、tificate Public Accountant 注冊會計師China Securities Regulatory Commission 中國證監(jiān)會China's "Big Four" commercial banks中國四大商業(yè)銀行close-ended fund 封閉式基金commission 傭金consignee 收貨人Corporation 公司Cost accounting 成本會計cost and freight CFR 成本加運費價格cost insurance and freight CIF 成本加運保費Cost principle 成本原則C

15、reditor 債權人cut a melon 分紅dead account 呆帳Deflation 通貨緊縮delivery 交貨Disclosure 批露dividend，bonus stock 股息，紅利downturn 低迷時期endorsed 背書enforce stockholding system 實行股份制Expenses 費用export department 出口部External users 外部使用者F.P.A.(Free from Particular Average) 平安險F.W.R.D.(Fresh Water Rain Damage) 淡水雨淋險face val

16、ue 面值feesfortax reform 費改稅Financial accounting 財務會計Financial Accounting Standards Board 財務會計準則委員會Financial activities 籌資活動Financial forecast 財務預測Financial statement 財務報表foreign exchange reservers 外匯儲備futures market 期貨市場Generally accepted accounting principles 公認會計原則General-purpose inFORMation 通用目的信息

17、geneticallymodified products 基因改良產(chǎn)品Going-concern assumption 持續(xù)經(jīng)營假設Government Accounting Office govern會計辦公室Hook Damage 鉤損險import department 進口部Income statement 損益表income tax 所得稅indicative price 參考價格Inflation 通貨膨漲Inquiry 詢盤Institute of Internal Auditors 內(nèi)部審計師協(xié)會Institute of Management Accountants管理會計師協(xié)

18、會Integrity 整合性Internal auditing 內(nèi)部審計Internal control structure 內(nèi)部控制結構Internal Revenue Service 國內(nèi)收入署Internal users 內(nèi)部使用者Investing activities 投資活動knowledge-based economy 知識經(jīng)濟labour-intensive economy 勞動密集型經(jīng)濟Liabilities 負債（M0）money in circulation 流通中的現(xiàn)金（M1） narrow money 狹義貨幣（M2） broad money 廣義貨幣Manageme

19、nt accounting 管理會計marine bills of lading 海運提單national bonds 國債nationalize；nationalization 國有化Negative cash flow 負現(xiàn)金流量non-perFORMing loan 不良貸款non-work income 非勞動收入notify 被通知人open-ended fund 開放式基金Operating activities 經(jīng)營活動order 訂貨outstanding of deposits 存款余額Owner's equity 所有者權益partial shipment 分批裝運

20、Partnership 合伙企業(yè)Positive cash flow 正現(xiàn)金流量press conference 記者招待會price list 價目表privatize；privatization 私有化proactive fiscal measures 積極的財政政策promote independent decisionmaking by stateowned enterprises 提高企業(yè)自主權public relations department公關部publicly owned economy 公有經(jīng)濟recession 衰退時期rectify the market order

21、整頓市場秩序reduce state's stake in listed companies 國有股減持restraint of trade 貿(mào)易管制Retained earning 留存利潤Return of investment 投資回報Return on investment 投資報酬Revenue 收入Risk of Intermixture and Contamination 混雜、玷污險Risk of Leakage 滲漏險Risk of odor 串味險Risk of Rust 銹蝕險sales terms and conditions銷售條件Securities and

22、 Exchange Commission 證券交易委員會shareholding system; joint-stock system 股份制shipping order 托運單Shortage Risk 短缺險Sole proprietorship 獨資企業(yè)Solvency 清償能力specification 規(guī)格Stable-dollar assumption 穩(wěn)定貨幣假設state stock reduction 國有股減持Statement of cash flow 現(xiàn)金流量表Statement of financial position 財務狀況表steady monetary po

23、licies 穩(wěn)健的貨幣政策Stockholders 股東Stockholders' equity 股東權益streghten the government's macro - regulatory functions 加強govern宏觀調(diào)控作用Strikes Risk 罷工險T.P.N.D.( Theft,Pilferage & Non-delivery) 偷竊提貨不著險Tax accounting 稅務會計technology-intensive economy 技術密集型經(jīng)濟the Dow Jones industrial average 道瓊斯工業(yè)平均指數(shù)th

24、e first majority shareholder 第一大股東the Hang Seng index 恒生指數(shù)thin trade 交易薄弱to become the majority shareholder/to take a controlling stake 控股to expand domestic demand 擴大內(nèi)需value-added tax 增值稅W.A./W.P.A(With Average or With Particular Average) 水漬險War Risk 戰(zhàn)爭險Window dressing 門面粉飾year-on-year 與去年同期數(shù)字相比的 股息

25、，紅利 dividend or bonus stock國民生產(chǎn)總值 GNP (Gross National Product)人均國民生產(chǎn)總值 per capita GNP產(chǎn)值 output value鼓勵 give incentive to投入 input宏觀控制 exercise macro-control優(yōu)化經(jīng)濟結構 optimize the economic structure輸入活力 bring vigor into改善經(jīng)濟環(huán)境 improve economic environment整頓經(jīng)濟秩序 rectify economic order有效地控制通貨膨脹 effectively

26、control inflation非公有成分 non-public sectors主要成分 dominant sector實在的 tangible全體會議 plenary session解放生產(chǎn)力 liberate/unshackle/release the productive forces引入歧途 lead one to a blind alley舉措 move實事求是 seek truth from facts引進、輸入 importation和平演變 peaceful evolution試一下 have a go (at sth.)精華、精粹、實質(zhì) quintessence家庭聯(lián)產(chǎn)責任

27、承包制 family-contract responsibility system搞活企業(yè) invigorate enterprises商品經(jīng)濟 commodity economy基石 cornerstone零售 retail發(fā)電量 electric energy production有色金屬 nonferrous metals人均收入 per capita income使負擔 be saddled with營業(yè)發(fā)達的公司 going concerns被兼并或擠掉 annexed or forced out of business善于接受的 receptive增額、增值、增長 incremen

28、t發(fā)展過快 excessive growth抽樣調(diào)查 data from the sample survey扣除物價上漲部分 price increase are deducted(excluded)實際增長率 actual growth rate國際收支 international balance of payments流通制度 circulation system總工資 total wages分配形式 FORMs of distribution風險資金 risk funds管理不善 poor management一個中心、兩個基本點one central task and two basi

29、c points各盡所能，按勞/需分配。from each according to his ability, to each according to his work/needs.經(jīng)濟結構改革。reFORM in economic structure剩余勞動力。surplus labor經(jīng)營機制operative mechanism發(fā)揮市場的調(diào)節(jié)作用to give play to the regulatory role of the market經(jīng)濟和law的杠桿economic and legal leverages經(jīng)濟計劃和市場調(diào)節(jié)相結合to combine economic plan

30、ning with market regulation計劃經(jīng)濟和市場調(diào)節(jié)相結合的機制a mechanism that combines planned economy and market regulation取消國家對農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的統(tǒng)購統(tǒng)銷to cancel the state's monopoly on the purchase and marketing of agricultural products改革重點轉(zhuǎn)移到城市the focus of reFORM is shifted to the cities國家的根本任務是，集中力量進行社會主義現(xiàn)代化建設The basic task o

31、f the nation is to concentrate its efforts on socialist modernization.逐步實現(xiàn)工業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)、國防和科學技術的現(xiàn)代化，把我國建設成為富強、民主、文明的社會主義國家。to modernize the country's industry, agriculture, national defence and science and technology step by step to turn China into a strong and prosperous socialist country with a high l

32、evel of culture and democracy.社會主義經(jīng)濟制度的基礎是生產(chǎn)資料的社會主義公有制，即全民所有制和勞動群眾集體所有制。The basis of the socialist economic system is socialist public ownership of the means of production, namely, ownership by the whole people and collective ownership by the working people.國有經(jīng)濟，即社會主義全民所有制經(jīng)濟，是國民經(jīng)濟中的主導力量。The state ec

33、onomy is the sector of socialist economy under ownership by the whole people;it is the leading force in the national economy.國家保障國有經(jīng)濟的鞏固和發(fā)展。The state ensures the consolidation and growth of the state economy.農(nóng)業(yè) farming林業(yè) forestry畜牧業(yè) animal husbandry副業(yè) sideline production漁業(yè) fishing第一產(chǎn)業(yè) primary indust

34、ry第二產(chǎn)業(yè) secondary industry第三產(chǎn)業(yè) tertiary industry生產(chǎn)資料 means of production生活資料 means of livelihood/subsistence生產(chǎn)關系 relations of production生產(chǎn)力 productive forces公有制 public ownership私有制 private ownership全民所有制 ownership by the entire/whole people社會主義集體所有制 socialist collective ownership厲行節(jié)約，反對浪費 to practice

35、 strict economy and combat waste外資企業(yè) foreign-funded enterprise合資企業(yè) joint venture合作企業(yè) cooperative enterprise獨資企業(yè) wholly foreign owned/funded enterprise世界貿(mào)易組織 World Trade Organization中國人民銀行 People's Bank of China信息產(chǎn)業(yè)部 Ministry of InFORMation Industry國家發(fā)展計劃委員會 State Development Planning Commission貸

36、款無力償還 loan defaults一、對外貿(mào)易與外貿(mào)關系Foreign Trade & Foreign Trade Relationship（一） They mainly trade with Japanese firms.他們主要和日本商行進行貿(mào)易。For the past five years, we have done a lot of trade with your company.在過去的五年中，我們與貴國進行了大量的貿(mào)易。Our trade is conducted on the basis of equality.我們是在平等的基礎上進行貿(mào)易。There has be

37、en a slowdown in the wool trade with you.和你們的羊毛貿(mào)易已有所減少。Our foreign trade is continuously expanding.我們的對外貿(mào)易不斷發(fā)展。Trade in leather has gone up (down) 3%.皮革貿(mào)易上升（下降）了百分之三。Trade in general is improving.貿(mào)易情況正在好轉(zhuǎn)。Our company mainly trades in arts and crafts.我們公司主要經(jīng)營手工藝品。They are well-known in trade circles.

38、他們在貿(mào)易界很有名望。We trade with people in all countries on the basis of equality and mutual benefit.我們在平等互利的基礎上和各國人民進行貿(mào)易。To respect the local custom of the buying country is one important aspect of China's foreign policy.尊重買方國家的風俗習慣是我國貿(mào)易政策的一個重要方面。Our purpose is to explore the possibilities of developin

39、g trade with you.我們的目的是和你們探討一下發(fā)展貿(mào)易的可能性。Words and Phrasesforeign trade 對外貿(mào)易overseas trade 海外貿(mào)易international trade 國際貿(mào)易to trade with 和.進行貿(mào)易to do business in a moderate way 做生意穩(wěn)重to do business in a sincere way 做生意誠懇to make a deal 做一筆交易deal 交易，經(jīng)營，處理，與.交往to deal in 經(jīng)營，做生意to explore the possibilities of 探

40、討.的可能性trade circles 貿(mào)易界to handle 經(jīng)營某商品to trade in 經(jīng)營某商品business scope/frame 經(jīng)營范圍trading firm/house 貿(mào)易行，商行（二）Can we do a barter trade?咱們能不能做一筆易貨貿(mào)易呢？Is it still a direct barter trade?這還算是一種直接的易貨貿(mào)易嗎？If you agree to our proposal of a barter trade, we'll give you paper in exchange for your timber.如果你

41、方同意我們進行易貨貿(mào)易的建議，我們將用紙與你們交換木材。Shall we sign a triangle trade agreement?我們訂一個三角貿(mào)易協(xié)議好嗎？A triangle trade can be carried out among the three of us.我們?nèi)娇蛇M行三角貿(mào)易。Compensation trade is, in fact, a kind of loan.補償貿(mào)易實際上是一種信貸。We may agree to do processing trade with you.我們同意與你們進行來料加工貿(mào)易。If you're interested i

42、n leasing trade, please let us know.如果你們有意做租賃貿(mào)易，請告訴我們。We wonder whether you do counter trade.我們不知道你們是否做抵償貿(mào)易。Words and Phrasestrade by commodities 商品貿(mào)易visible trade 有形貿(mào)易invisible trade 無形貿(mào)易barter trade 易貨貿(mào)易bilateral trade 雙邊貿(mào)易triangle trade 三角貿(mào)易multilateral trade 多邊貿(mào)易counter trade 對銷貿(mào)易；抵償貿(mào)易counter pu

43、rchase 互購貿(mào)易buy-back 回購貿(mào)易compensation trade 補償貿(mào)易processing trade 來料加工貿(mào)易assembling trade 來料裝配貿(mào)易leasing trade 租賃貿(mào)易in exchange for 用.交換.trade agreement 貿(mào)易協(xié)議（三）We want to develop direct contact with Continental buyers for ourselves.我們想為自己的公司同歐洲大陸的買主建立起直接的聯(lián)系。We see that your firm specializes in Light Indu

44、strial Goods, and we are willing to establish business relationship with you.得知貴公司專門經(jīng)營輕工業(yè)品，我們愿意與貴公司建立業(yè)務關系。We are one of the largest importers of Electric Goods in this city, and we wish to establish business relationship with you.我們是此地最大的電器進口商之一，愿意與你們建立業(yè)務關系。We are willing to enter into business rela

45、tionship with your company on the basis of equality and mutual benefit.我們愿在平等互利的基礎上與貴公司建立業(yè)務關系。Our two countries have had trade relations for ten years.我們兩國之間已經(jīng)有了10年的貿(mào)易關系。We've never had any difficulties with our Chinese partners,and we'd like to make as many new contacts as we can.和中國同行共事從來沒

46、有什么困難，希望今后我們之間盡可能多地建立新的關系。We have made a very good start in our business with Japan.我們和日本在業(yè)務上有了良好的開端。Our company is thinking of expanding its business relationship with China.我公司想擴大與中國的貿(mào)易關系。As is known, we set great store by the trade relationship with the third world countries.眾所周知，我們十分重視同第三世界國家的貿(mào)易

47、關系。We look forward to reactivating our business relationship.我們盼望我們的業(yè)務關系重新活躍起來。We shall welcome a chance to renew our friendly relationship.很高興能有機會來恢復我們的友好關系。We'll try our best to widen our business relationship with you.我們將盡力擴大同你們的貿(mào)易關系。We're writing you in order to establish business relati

48、onship.我們寫此信是為了與你方建立業(yè)務關系。The arrangement will contribute to cement our pleasant relationship.此項安排將有助于鞏固我們良好的關系。We're willing to restore our business relationship.我們希望能恢復貿(mào)易關系。It will be advantageous if steps are taken to resume our business relationship on the basis of mutual benefit.如果我們采取措施在互利的

49、基礎上恢復業(yè)務關系，對我們都是有利的。The depressed market results in the stagnation of trade.市場蕭條導致貿(mào)易停滯。We have been doing quite well in our business, we are willing to open an account with you.我們的生意一直做得不錯，希望能與你們建立帳戶往來關系。Words and Phrasesbusiness association 業(yè)務聯(lián)系，交往business connection 業(yè)務聯(lián)系close relationship 密切的關系clos

50、er ties 更密切的關系to establish(enter into, set up)business relationship 建立業(yè)務關系to continue business relationship 繼續(xù)業(yè)務關系to present business relationship 保持業(yè)務關系to improve business relationship 改善業(yè)務關系to promote business relationship 促進業(yè)務關系to speed up business relationship 加快業(yè)務關系的發(fā)展to enlarge (widen) busines

51、s relationship 擴大業(yè)務關系to restore (resume) business relationship 恢復業(yè)務關系to interrupt business relationship 中斷業(yè)務關系to cement business relationship 鞏固業(yè)務關系（四）When could you introduce me to your sister company?什么時候把貴公司的兄弟公司介紹給我們？Would you please introduce us to some of the most reliable exporters of Chinese

52、 handicrafts?請向我們推薦一些最可靠的中國手工藝品出口商，可以嗎？If you are interested in dealing, with us in other products of our company, please inform us of your requirements as well as your banker's name and address.如果你們有意經(jīng)營我公司其他產(chǎn)品，請告知你方要求及往來銀行的名稱和地址。Because of the rapid development of our business in Asia, we think

53、 it's necessary to open a branch at the following address.鑒于我們在亞洲地區(qū)業(yè)務的迅速發(fā)展，有必要在下列地點設立分公司。We've often expressed our interest in investing in China.我們一直對在中國投資很感興趣。Our abundant resources and stable policy provide foreigners with the advantages they invest here.我們豐富的資源和穩(wěn)定的政策為外商投資提供了有利條件。Thank yo

54、u for your manner of business cooperation.我們對你們的合作態(tài)度非常滿意。We have been working on expanding our scope of cooperation with China.我們一直努力設法擴大與中國的合作范圍。We believe in long-term cooperation with China because we view the future as bright.我們相信與中國長期合作的前途是光明的。Words and Phrasestrade prospects/outlook 貿(mào)易前景trade

55、cooperation 貿(mào)易合作technological cooperation 技術合作business cooperation 業(yè)務合作cooperative relationship 合作關系the scope of cooperation 合作范圍Additional Words and Phrasestrade fair 貿(mào)易展銷會trade show 貿(mào)易展覽trade agreement 貿(mào)易協(xié)議to establish arrangement 達成協(xié)議to reach an agreement 達成協(xié)議trade terms/clause 貿(mào)易條款trade balance

56、貿(mào)易平衡to conclude a business transaction 達成貿(mào)易交易to work with 與.共事business activities 經(jīng)濟活動business house 商行；商號trading department/mechanics 貿(mào)易機構trade association 貿(mào)易協(xié)會the foreign trade department 對外貿(mào)易部門C.C.P.I.T.( China Council for the Promotion of International Trade)中國國際貿(mào)易促進會Commercial Counselor's O

57、ffice中國使館的商務處Chamber of Commerce 商會trading partnership 經(jīng)營合伙人foreign trade personnel 外貿(mào)工作者trading center 貿(mào)易中心trading market 貿(mào)易市場tradesman/trade peoples 商人，零售商 國際貿(mào)易出口信貸 export credit 出口津貼 export subsidy 商品傾銷 dumping 外匯傾銷 exchange dumping 優(yōu)惠關稅 special preferences 保稅倉庫 bonded warehouse 貿(mào)易順差 favorable balance of trade 貿(mào)易逆差 unfavorable balance of trade 進口配額制 import quotas 自由貿(mào)易區(qū) free trade zone 對外貿(mào)易值 value of foreign trade 國際貿(mào)易值 value of international trade 普遍優(yōu)惠制 genera