Grammar and Usage

1、grammar and usageoverview of tenses 1present tenses1st period i have been to the moon lake. it is in the west of china. i went there last august. if you go there, the moon lake will find you happy and excited. however, the moon lake is becoming smaller and smaller. im sure the government will take m

2、easures to protect it. in fact, many people have been working on it.ii. 現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)基本形式時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) am/is/are; do/does現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) be (am/is/are) doing現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has done現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)have/has been doingii. 現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)基本形式時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) am/is/are done現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) am/is/are being done現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has been done現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)/further study: smith passes t

3、o darvency, davency to barnes, barnes to lucas-and harriet interceptsharriet to simons, nice ball-and smith shoots. first i put some butter into a frying pan and light the gas; then, while the butter is melting, i break three eggs into the bowl, like this.（演示說(shuō)明）（演示說(shuō)明）（運(yùn)動(dòng)解說(shuō)）（運(yùn)動(dòng)解說(shuō)） in the film gold ru

4、sh, chaplin and his friends are trapped in the snowstorm. he enjoys every mouthful of the leather shoe as if it is the most delicious meal he has ever had. -how do i get to the station? -you go straight to the traffic lights, then turn right.（劇情介紹）（劇情介紹）（用來(lái)指引道路）（用來(lái)指引道路） make sure everyone is given a

5、 chance to sing on the stage. bank robbery: robbers take $ 100,000.某些特定結(jié)構(gòu)中，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)某些特定結(jié)構(gòu)中，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作；發(fā)生的動(dòng)作；在報(bào)紙標(biāo)題中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示在報(bào)紙標(biāo)題中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。focus on: the exhibition _on may 1st and _ at the end of june. (open; close) the plane _at 11:30 and _ in shanghai at 1:20.(take off; arrive)

6、 _there a film on tonight? (be)在口語(yǔ)中，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)常可表示按規(guī)在口語(yǔ)中，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)?？杀硎景匆?guī)定、時(shí)間表、計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的事定、時(shí)間表、計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的事情，常有一個(gè)表示未來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。情，常有一個(gè)表示未來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。opensclosestakes offarrivesis ill give her the notebook_. tell me_. he will keep the work _ _.在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中、在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。將來(lái)

7、發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。當(dāng)她來(lái)時(shí)當(dāng)她來(lái)時(shí)when she comes萬(wàn)一你有麻煩萬(wàn)一你有麻煩in case you get into difficulty不管發(fā)生什么不管發(fā)生什么 no matter what happens she is out of danger now. how are you today? they are busy at the moment. they normally get up at six. generally he watches tv for two hours in the evening. they pay me weekly.常常和一般現(xiàn)常常和一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

8、一道用的在時(shí)一道用的副詞和狀語(yǔ)副詞和狀語(yǔ)translation: 我叔叔從不來(lái)看我們。我叔叔從不來(lái)看我們。 my uncle never visits us. 這兒很少下雪。這兒很少下雪。 it seldom snows here. 你老師給你們測(cè)驗(yàn)嗎？你老師給你們測(cè)驗(yàn)嗎？ does the teacher ever give you tests?the present continuous tense: the audience is laughing at the joke. i dont understand why i am not losing weight.to talk abou

9、t actions that are happeningor in progress now. the comedy club is giving a lecture about stand-up next month. they are going to the academy awards show in february.to talk about actions that are being planned , but will happen in the future. you are always making the same mistakes! sue is always ch

10、anging her mind.to talk about actions that happen repeatedly, used with always, usually with a negative connotation(涵義).further study: she is always doing fine work at school. jane is always thinking of her work.to talk about actions that happen repeatedly, used with always, with apositive connotati

11、on(涵義).mistake-correcting (where necessary): what are you thinking about? what are you thinking of the film? what are you looking for? youre looking quite well. which judge is hearing the case? she doesnt hear very well. we are having a discussion. are you have any questions?do you think look do fil

12、l in the blanks: people _on the beach. the city _on the coast. he _ on a rock. his statue _ in the city square. my father _the parts together. the dress _ my mother perfectly. the wine _ good. i _ the wine.lie; stand; fit; tasteare lyingliesis standingstandsis fittingfitstastesam tasting using the p

13、resent tense/ the present continuous tense:the present perfect tense: he has hosted the show eight times. billy crystal has been in many films and television shows. he has been in the army for 3 years. tom has been married to jane for 3 years.focus on:have gone / have been tonny _abroad to continue

14、his studies. his girl friend _abroad many times to see him.has gonehas beenfocus on:since /when/if we _in england since i was a child.it _ just a week since i met him.ill write to him when i _the book.if she _to bed when you see her, tell her to give me a ring.have livedishave finishedhasnt gonelive

15、befinishnot gofocus on: it /that is the first /secondtime she has driven a car. it/this is one of the best film that i have ever seen. its the first gold medal ive had for ages. already ever for just lately never recently since yet how long和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一道用的時(shí)間一道用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)remember:the present perfect con

16、tinuous tense: doctors have been researching that question. the curtains finally open-the audience have been waiting an hour for the show to start.to talk about actions that started in the past, have lasted up to now and will probably continue to happen.further study: jim has been phoning jenny ever

17、y night for the past week. they have been meeting together weekly for two years.在持續(xù)的一段時(shí)間內(nèi)動(dòng)作多次重復(fù)在持續(xù)的一段時(shí)間內(nèi)動(dòng)作多次重復(fù)further study: why are your clothes so dirty? what have you been doing? there you are! ive been waiting for an hour. she is very tired. she has been working all morning.動(dòng)作和現(xiàn)在的狀況有聯(lián)系動(dòng)作和現(xiàn)在的狀況有聯(lián)

18、系further study: how long has she been reading the book? he has been watching english all day.常與long/how long/all連用practice: 誰(shuí)在喝我的酒？誰(shuí)在喝我的酒？ 誰(shuí)喝了我的酒？誰(shuí)喝了我的酒？who has been drinking my wine?who has drunk my wine?practice: 不累??？你已跳了三個(gè)小時(shí)啦！不累??？你已跳了三個(gè)小時(shí)啦！arent you tired？ you have been jumping for three hours.practice: i _(認(rèn)識(shí))him for many year