常見官能團的紅外吸收范圍

1、附錄I 常見官能團的紅外吸收范圍類型典型的結構式吸收位置/cm-1強度歸屬和附注醇一級醇RCH2OH約3640可變CHC-O約1050s二級醇約3630約1100可變sCH，“單體”C-O三級醇約3620約1150可變sOH,“單體”C-O分子間氫鍵多聚體34003200s寬而強的吸收譜帶二聚體36003500s尖譜帶雙氧水H-O-O-H3590s酚36101200mssOH,形成氫鍵移向低頻C-O分子內(nèi)氫鍵32002500s寬吸收譜帶酸30002500142013001200960910mmmmw寬吸收帶面內(nèi)變形C-OOH面外變形寬帶OH 寬帶肟36503500msOH磷酸27002560m

2、OH過氧化物-O-O-H約3450mOH過氧酸約3280約950mmOHOH (面外)胺胺一級胺35003300165015901220102013401250900650wsmswssmNH,有兩個譜帶NH (面內(nèi))N-C (脂肪)C-N (芳香)NH (面外)，寬帶二級胺33503310約3450165015501220102013501280wmwwmsNH, 環(huán)胺很弱NH強度比脂胺大NH (面內(nèi))C-NC-N三級胺13601310sC-N亞胺34003300mNH, C=N在16901640一級銨鹽約300016001570約1500ssNH3+, 兩個寬譜帶a (NH3+)s (NH

3、3+)二級銨鹽2700225016001575smNH2+三級銨鹽約27002250NH +四級銨鹽R4N+沒有特征吸收一級酰胺3500340016401600mmNH, 一般兩個帶NH二級酰胺RCONHR344015501530mmNH, 締合在3300NH 3070為倍頻內(nèi)酰胺3440mNH甲基烷烴2960±102870±101450±201375±15msmmmsa (CH3)s (CH3)a (CH3)s (CH3)很特征異丙基1385136511701140mmss (CH3)雙譜帶骨架振動叔丁基1395136512501210mmss (CH

4、3)雙譜帶骨架振動甲基酮30002900137013501450140wswmC-Hs (CH3), 強度較大s (CH3)甲氧基2835281514601430mss (CH3),s (CH3)移至高頻甲硫基1440141513251320sa (CH3)s (CH3)移至低頻甲胺基2820276014301415sCH3s (CH3)移至高頻硅化物142012901230mma (CH3)s (CH3)磷化物1430139012101280mma (CH3)s (CH3)鹵化物14701250ma (CH3)亞甲基亞甲基烷烴2925±102850±101465±

5、;20750720ssmwsa (CH2)s (CH2)CH2r (CH2) n4時出現(xiàn)此帶環(huán)烷n = 22980±51030±15866mmma (CH2)s (CH2)骨架振動n = 330001000900mma (CH2)骨架振動n = 41445mCH2n = 5145010551000msCH2骨架振動環(huán)氧乙烷30501500mma (CH2)CH2酮-CH2-CO-1415±10sCH2酸-CH2-CO2H1410sCH2烯炔1445143014451430mmCH2硫化物-CH2-S14401415mCH2鹵代烷-CH2X14101350mCH2移

6、向低頻叁鍵和累積雙鍵炔2140210033103300630±15smss腈2260221021752140sms重氮鹽2260±20s丙二烯210019501070mwa (C=C=C)s (C=C=C)烯酮21501120swa (C=C=C)s (C=C=C)疊氮2160212013401180swa (N3) 常為雙帶s (N3)異氰酸酯2275225014001350vswa (N=C=O)s (N=C=O)異腈220021001594sw羰基羰基羰基脂酮1715171013251215約1100vssm(C=O)骨架振動通常有幾個譜帶, -不飽和酮1675

7、77;10vs(C=O)-鹵代酮1735±10vs(C=O)-二酮1725±10vsC=O-二酮1700±1016401540vsvs酮式烯醇式芳酮1690±10122510751300vssmC=O位置與苯環(huán)上取代基的性質(zhì)有關雙芳基酮1665±5vs由于共軛移向低頻鄰羥基芳酮1645±10vs分子內(nèi)氫鍵環(huán)酮17051780vsC=O脂肪醛1730±1014401325vssC=O, -不飽和醛1690±10vs芳香醛1705±10vs醌1,4或1,21675±10vs脂肪酸1710±

8、101440139513181210vsC=O (二聚體)單體出現(xiàn)在1760CH C-O, -不飽和酸1710±10vs芳香酸1690±10vsC=O (二聚體)鄰取代芳酸1660±5vs分子內(nèi)氫鍵脂肪酯1740±513001050vsvsC=Oa , s (C-O-C) 兩個譜帶, -不飽和脂1750173513001100vss-酮酯17551740vs乙烯酸酯和苯酯1780±20169016501200±10vssvsC=OC=C有時可高達1715C-O-C芳酸酯1720±51310125011801100vsvssC

9、=Oa (C-O-C)s (C-O-C)芳香酸酯17401730vsC=O鄰取代芳酸酯16901670vs內(nèi)酯18301740vsC=O酸酐1820±51755±10vss芳酸酐和, -不飽和酸酐1785±51725±5svs環(huán)酐1850179018501770svssvs酰鹵1800±15vs過氧化酰1820178018051755vsvsC=O, R=脂基C=O, R=芳基一級酰胺約1690約1650ssC=O 稀溶液C=O 固態(tài)二級酰胺1700167016801630ssC=O 稀溶液C=O 固態(tài)三級酰胺16701630sC=O 游離和締

10、合內(nèi)酰胺166017001745ssC=O亞酰胺17301670sssC=OsC=O尿素1600±5sC=O烯鍵和烯氫乙烯949=C-H乙烯基3020166016401000983mms=C-H=C-C, 總比=C-O強度低=C-H3085±516551650905885mms=C-H=C-C=C-H, 倍頻在186018003040301016601655700±30mms=C-HC=CC=H30403010167516701000950mwsC=H分子對稱，紅外非活性C=C=C-H、167013901375840690wmwsC=C-C-H-C-H烯醚16501610mC=C乙烯酯16901650sC=C可高達1715,-不飽和胺17001660m氟代烯烴16501615C=C共軛多烯16501580m C=C烯酮16451620ms C=C芳環(huán)共軛烯16251620m C=C張力雙鍵15661651 C=C環(huán)外雙鍵16781651m C=C芳香環(huán)苯30403030200016001225950900690mwws C-H倍頻與合頻指紋區(qū)芳香環(huán)1600±515801450msm苯環(huán)骨架振動，吸收位置骨架伸縮稠環(huán)體系16501450骨架振動單取代環(huán)770730710690vss二取代o-770735vsm-90086