詞匯講座全 ppt課件

1、大學(xué)英語詞匯學(xué)習(xí)大學(xué)英語詞匯學(xué)習(xí)http:/ 治癲癇的醫(yī)院有哪些治癲癇的醫(yī)院有哪些http:/ 最專業(yè)的癲癇病醫(yī)院最專業(yè)的癲癇病醫(yī)院http:/ 最權(quán)威的癲癇病專家最權(quán)威的癲癇病專家http:/ 治療癲癇最權(quán)威的醫(yī)院治療癲癇最權(quán)威的醫(yī)院http:/ 癲癇病權(quán)威專家癲癇病權(quán)威專家中國治療癲癇病醫(yī)院排名中國治療癲癇病醫(yī)院排名http:/ 癲癇病治療醫(yī)院癲癇病治療醫(yī)院_癲癇病醫(yī)院在線咨詢癲癇病醫(yī)院在線咨詢http:/ wordsfryendfriendtriskaidekaphobia tris=threekai=anddeka=ten phobia=fearthe fear of 13wifew

2、eifgoddogteachcheatbackgoundmysterious wordsmother in law- - i. origin of english vocabulary english is a heavy borrower; it has adopted words from almost every known language, esp. from latin, french, and greek. zhang yunfei 1987that may explain why we have so many irregular english words. i. origi

3、n of english vocabulary rsumfiancfiancecaf nave abacuscensuscadremosquito fiasco(慘敗) kindergartenhamburgerfrenchlatingerman i. origin of english vocabulary english borrows a lot of words from chinese as well. which came to english first, china or china?qin (秦) china china chinese does not come from

4、china, but china. therefore, it is not a racial slur to our people. (after-class reading: chinese - a racial slur against people of china) i. origin of english vocabulary more words from chinese:kowtowcooliegung holonganwokwonton tofumahjongshanghai磕頭苦力拐賣麻將豆腐餛飩龍眼lichee litchi荔枝鍋yamen kiasuthe little

5、 boy was shanghaied to hong kong at the age of 14. hotchpotch i. origin of english vocabulary after the world war ii, english vocabulary encountered an explosive increase with the development of science and technology.for examplechain reactionspace shuttlesoftwarehardwarewebtaikonautastronautcosmona

6、ut netizen i. origin of english vocabulary nowadays, in the chat rooms over the net, you can often meet new forms, some even strange. for example,b4, r u a student? ur rite. cu ic icq me2 any1 talk2me, asl(age/sex/location) i believe many of the forms may be included in a new dictionary 20 years lat

7、er, because people use them and they make sense 1 word formationaffixationany typical english word comprises three parts: prefix +stem( root) + suffixim- -mort- -al normal words may take only prefix or suffix. even, a word may take more than one prefixes or suffixes, or without. pro-pel, port-able,

8、re-ex-port, un-pre-ced-ent-ed in-cred-ible a. stem(root)a stem carries the basic meaning of a word.-cid, -cis = cut, killdecide concise suicide pesticide genocide-dict = to saydictate diction predict contradiction -viv; -vit life (live)vital vivid vitamin survive reviveb. prefixprefix modifies the m

9、eaning of the word:anti- 對抗 anti-virus; anti-japan war; anti-revolution anticlockwise antiriot tele- distant telescope, telephone, telegraph, television, telecommunicationsb. prefix-numberssemi- hemi- hemisphere; hemicycle; semiconductor; semifinal mono- uni- monoplay, monotonous, monologue; monocyc

10、leuniformity, unify, unit, university, unification bi-, di-, tw- bicycle, bimonthly; bilateral; bilingual, dialogue, dioxide; two, twice, twin tri-, thr-tricycle, triangle, triple, three, thrice qua- quarter, quadruple (翻兩番) b. prefix-numberspent- pentagon sex- sexadecimalsept- septangleoct(a)- octo

11、pusdec- decade, decimal, decathlete, decimeter cent- century, percent, centipede, centimeter kilo-, milli- kilometer, millimeter, millennium multi-, poly- multimedia, polygamy, monopoly, polytechnic sp(singapore poly) omni- omniscient, omnipotent, omnipresentc. suffixsuffix changes its usage in term

12、s of grammar.four very important suffixes: v+-(i)ble countablebelievable reliablereadable respectable adjustable applicable(可以被的; 值得被的) 被被stealablev+-(t)ive creative inventive instructive productive (可以的; 富于力的) c. suffix比較: imagineimaginativeimaginableimaginary1.cao xueqin, author of the dream of th

13、e red chamber, was a very imaginative writer.2. jia baoyu, main hero of the novel, was an imaginary character.3. the whole story is imaginable since it is so close to our real life.imaginativeimaginaryimaginablec. suffixn +-fulfull of .careful, meaningfulusefulhopeful helpfuln + -lesswithout careles

14、smeaninglessuselesshomelesswhat is the meaning of “friendless”? you sonless ah q! d. midfix midfix中綴中綴: -o-s-:barometer thermometer psychologysalesmanstatesman tradesman spokesman midfix connects two or stems together. 2. compounding (合成法）two words coming together to create a word with meaning diffe

15、rent from the sum of the two words. 2. compounding (合成法）nicknamesafeguardwoodpeckerred tapestreamlinebreakdowncocktailtrademarkturnoverladyboy 2. compounding (合成法） zero-midfixation(零中綴法) he looked at the scene in a none-of-my-business manner.charles was of the look-before-you-leap sort of man.they h

16、ad an eat-for-live-or-live-for-eat debate. forget-me-nottouch-me-not 2. compounding (合成法） the same compound may appear in three different forms: airline flowerpot acidhead air-line flower-pot acid-head air line flower potacid head用迷幻藥者 3. conversion (詞類轉(zhuǎn)換法） without adding any affixes to the word, it

17、 is used as another class in grammar. this, therefore, is also named zero-affixation (零派生法). 3. conversion (詞類轉(zhuǎn)換法） cup the mouth and speak to the receivereven a lamb will rebel if it is cornered.tree the monkey! i was not black when i was brothered with the whites in the army each day with uncertain

18、ties.you tiger me! dont father me! 3. conversion (詞類轉(zhuǎn)換法） any noun which can create an image in the mind can be used directly as a verb. 3. conversion (詞類轉(zhuǎn)換法） the skyscraper building houses more than 5 hundred offices for foreign and domestic companies.i am able to reach out to others and bridge the

19、gap between my language and culture and theirs. 3. conversion (詞類轉(zhuǎn)換法） in scientific english: please key in your passwordemail me! it is then gaussed. 3. conversion (詞類轉(zhuǎn)換法） other examples: his future is full of ifs. it will take you forever to get there by bus.“the dads are older, more mature,” says

20、dr. silber, “and more ready to focus on parenting.” 4. blending (混成法） two words coming together with some parts cut out. (usually, the two words have a shared letter.) 4. blending (混成法） chinglish chinese + englishtelecast televise + broadcast positron positive + electron negatronnegative electron bi

21、t binary + digitsmog: smoke + fogmotelmotor + hotelbotelboat + hotel 4. blending (混成法） brunch dunchworkaholic taikonaut cosplay sitcom oxbridgecamgirl agritourist celebreality 4. blending (混成法） 4. blending (混成法） blending is one of the most popular and useful ways to coin new words nowadays. we shoul

22、d be careful of those strange words which cannot be found in a dictionary. they are possibly born thru blending. 5 back formation (逆成法) the word is formed by crossing out some seeming affixes, which are in fact not real ones. 5 back formation (逆成法) televisiontelevisebachelorbachelaserlase lazylazedo

23、nationdonateemotionemote 5 back formation (逆成法) words created through back-formation are mostly verbs. back-formed words are largely informal and thus should be used with care. 6 shortening (縮略法) clipping: a word is shortened by cutting off one or more syllables of this word, usu. a noun. prof., lab

24、, flu., exam, math, dorm, ad. etc. these words are considered informal and only used in colloquial language. initialism: a word is formed from the first letters of an organization or a scientific term, etc. 6 shortening (縮略法) sars: severe acute respiratory syndromeaids: acquired immune deficiency syndromebasic: beginners all-purpose symbolic instruction c