第四講形容詞和副詞

1、學習必備歡迎下載第四講形容詞和副詞初中知識回顧知識回顧一、形容詞的常見用法1、形容詞作定語形容詞作定語時常放在被修飾的名詞前，當形容詞修飾something，anything，nothing 等復合不定代詞時，需放在其后。2、形容詞作表語放在系動詞后作表語，常見的形容詞有：afraid，alone，asleep，awake，alive，well ，ill ，frightened。3、形容詞作賓語補足語形容詞作賓語補足語是補充說明事物的性質(zhì)或人的狀態(tài)。二、多個形容詞修飾名詞時的順序限定詞 (冠詞、指示代詞、形容詞性物主代詞、數(shù)詞 )+描繪詞 (大小、長短、形狀、新舊、長幼、顏色 )+國籍、地區(qū)十

2、材料性質(zhì)十類別、目的十名詞。溫馨提示可借助英國廣播公司（ BBC）提出的“ OPSHACOM ”方法記憶。 OPSHACOM 的含義如下：OP-opinion 評述性詞。如 beautiful , expensive , terrible , lovely , silly , ugly 等。SH-size & shape 表示大小及形狀的詞。如long，short，round， square等。A-age 表示新舊的詞。如new， old 等。C- colour 表示顔色的詞。如red，black，purple， brown，yellow 等。O-origin 表示產(chǎn)地的詞。如Ital

3、ian， Canadian，Spanish等。M-material 表示材料的詞。如 leather，glass，rubber，metal，silk ，plastic 等。按此順序，“一件新的漂亮的意大利的黑皮夾克”可表達為“a beautiful new black Italian leather jacket”。理論上一個名詞前可有9 個形容詞，但實際語言材料中一般不超過5 個。掌握了本方法可基本解決形容詞修飾名詞的順序問題。三、副詞的基本用法副詞用來修飾動詞、形容詞、其他副詞或全句，在句中可以作狀語、表語、賓語補足語。學習必備歡迎下載四、副詞的分類名稱時間副詞連接副詞地點副詞程度副詞例

4、詞today ,early ,soon ,nowthen ,recently ,stilltherefore ,however , besides ,otherwise ,how when ,where ,whysomewhere ,here , there ,downstairsvery much ,enough , quite ,almost ,rather在句子中的位置時間副詞，尤其是表示具體時間的副詞，一般放在句首或句尾連接句子，引導從句或與不定式連用地點副詞常置于句尾，有時可置于句首，一般不置于句中。幾個地點狀語連用時，大地方放在最后常放在被修飾的動詞、形容詞或其他副詞前面，但當ve

5、ry 修飾動詞時，常與 much 連用并置于句末， enough 修飾形容詞或副詞時后置例句He will be back tomorrow.Yesterday we all went to the park.That's why it's on the news.Do you know how to operate the machine?The children are playing downstairs. Here people are practicing speaking English.Tom is old enough to go to school.方式副詞頻

6、度副詞疑問副詞well,fast ,carefully, slowly ,quicklya1ways ,often ,never , usually ,hardly , seldom(很少 )how ,when ,where ,why常放在賓語之后或不及物動詞之后常放在實義動詞之前，系動詞、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞之后。其中 sometimes 也常置于句首主要用來引導特殊疑問句，放在句首Everythinggoes well.The monkeys ate up the bananas quickly.I often go out for a walk after supper.She is sel

7、dom out on Sundays.Why were you late for our meeting last night?關系when,where,why用來引導定語從句副詞We visited the house where he lived ten years ago.I never forget the day when I joined the Party.五、形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級的構成1、規(guī)則變化：分類構成方法原級比較級最高級單音節(jié)詞和少單音節(jié)詞在詞尾加-er， estsmallsmallersmallest數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞以不發(fā)音的字母e 結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)詞，只加 -r，-st

8、nicenicernicest以單個輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)詞，應先雙寫這個輔音字母，再加-er，-estthinthinnerthinnest少數(shù)以 er，ow 結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，末尾也加 -er， clever,cleverer,cleverest,-estnarrownarrowernarrowest部分雙音節(jié)詞more 和 mostpopularmoremost在前面加popularpopular和多音節(jié)詞學習必備歡迎下載2.不規(guī)則變化：原級比較級最高級good/wellbetterbestBad(ly)/illworseworstmany/muchmoremost1ittlelessl

9、eastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest典例分析【例 1】People have always beenabout exactly how life on earth began.A.curiousB.excitedC.anxiousD.careful解析：句意為 "人們一直對地球生命的起源感到好奇"。根據(jù)介詞 about 后面賓語從句的意思，可以確定前面表示的是好奇，be curious about".對感到好奇 "?！眷柟逃柧殹?1.Linda'sfa

10、ther hates waiting in long lines. 1think he'與A.patientB.talentedC.popularD.powerful【例 2】-It's one of thethings in the world to stay with friends.-I agree.It always makes us relaxed.A.worstB.happiestC.busiestD.hardest答案 :Ajust not very。解析：句意為“和朋友們待在一起是世界上最快樂的事情之一。”“我同意，這總能使我們放松?！庇纱鹫Z中的關鍵詞relax

11、ed 可知 B 項最符合句意。【鞏固訓練】2.Debbie is growing fast. She is eventhan her mother.A.tallB.tallerC.tallestD.the tallest銜接要點展示初中階段高中階段1、形容詞、副詞的特殊用法1、形容詞、副詞的詞義辨析2、形容詞、副詞的比較級的特殊用法2、比較級和最高級的基本用法3、正確運用分詞形容詞4、形容詞作狀語的用法學習必備歡迎下載高中知識預學預學新知一、比較等級的幾種常用句型結(jié)構類型結(jié)構意義例句A=Bas十原級十 as與一樣She is as tall as her mother.A#Bnot as/so

12、+原級 +as不及The weather here is not as/so hot as that in Wuhan.less十原級十 than不及He thinks English is less important than Chinese.A>B 或 A<B比較級 +than比My brother runs much fast than I.表示程度比較級 +and+比較越來越She is becoming more and more beautiful.的遞增級兩種情況the+ 比較級， the+越The older I get, the happier I feel.同

13、時變化比較級越三者以上the+ 最高級 +范圍最Lucy dances best of all in our school.二、形容詞作狀語形容詞作狀語，表示意義上的增補，和句子主語有邏輯上的主謂關系。He spent seven days in the wind and snow，cold and hungry.他又冷又餓地在風雪中過了7 天。三、分詞形容詞的意義差別-ing 形容詞表示 "令人的 "，表示主動意義， 多指事物對人的影響， 一般修飾或說明事物，如 surprising"令人驚訝的 "， exciting" 令人興奮的 &quo

14、t;，interesting"有趣的 "等。 -ed 形容詞表示"感到的 " ，表示被動意義， 多指人對事物的感受， 主語一般是人， 常用于 "sb.十 be 十 -ed形容詞 +介詞 "結(jié)構，如 surprised"感到驚訝的 " ，excited"感到興奮的 "，interested"感興趣的 " 等。We are all excited about the exciting news.我們聽到這令人興奮的消息都感到很激動。四、幾個常用副詞的用法區(qū)別1、how long/

15、how soon/how often/how farhow long"多久，多長時間 "，對持續(xù)的時間段提問， 常用 "for+ 時間段 "和“ since 十時間點”回答。how soon "多快，多久以后 "，對短暫性動詞提問，用于一般將來時句子中，常用"in+ 時間學習必備歡迎下載段"回答。how often "多長時間一次 "，對頻率提問，常用 "once/ twice/ three. .ti 中 es a."回答。how far "多遠 " ，對

16、距離提問。2、much too/too muchmuch too"非常，極其，太 "，much 修飾 too 以加強語氣，中心詞是too， much too 修飾形容詞或副詞原級。too much"太多 "，中心詞是 much，too 修飾 much 以加強語氣， too much 修飾不可數(shù)名詞。too much 與 too many 相對，但 too many 修飾可數(shù)名詞。You will become much too fat some day. 有一天你將會變得非常胖。The teacher gave us too much homework

17、today. 老師今天給我們留的作業(yè)太多了。例題引路【例 1】，she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people throughher smile.A.Shy and cautiousB.Sensitive and thoughtfulC.Honestand confidentD.Light-heartedand optimistic解析：句意為 "愉快而樂觀的她，是那種通過微笑把陽光傳給他人的女士"。shy and cautious "害羞且謹慎的 "；sensitive and thought

18、ful"敏感且體貼的 " ；honest and confident“誠實且自信的”light-hearted and optimistic"愉快且樂觀的 "。由句意可知應選D。【自主體驗】 1.After the long journey， the three of them went back home，。A.hungry and tiredlyB.hungry and tiredC.hungrilyand tiredlyD.hungrilyand tired【例 2】Jack is late again. It isof him to keep o

19、thers waiting.A.normalB.ordinaryC.commonD.typical解析： It is typical of sb. to do sth. 是固定句型，意為 "某人一向如此 "。該句型屬于“ It is 十形容詞 +of+代詞 +不定式”結(jié)構，故選D?！咀灾黧w驗】 2.It's very importantusA.to; to rememberB.for; to remember【例 3】Everything seemed to be goingA.vividlyB.generallyit.C.for; rememberingD.to;

20、 rememberingfor the first two days after 1moved to New York.C.frequentlyD.smoothly解析：考查副詞辨析。句意為 "在我搬到紐約之后，剛開始的兩天事情似乎進展得很順利 "。 vividly" 生動地，形象地 "；generally"普遍地，一般地 "；frequently" 頻繁地，經(jīng)常地 "；smoothly學習必備歡迎下載"順利地，平穩(wěn)地 "。根據(jù)句意可知，答案選D?！咀灾黧w驗】 3.In the good car

21、e of the nurses，the boy isrecovering from his heartoperation.A.quietlyB.actuallyC.practicallyD.gradually銜接應用訓練【A組】()1.We were veryto him for his help.A.thanksB.thankedC.thankfulD.thdnkfully)2. The apples tasteand sell.A.well; wellB.good; goodC.good; wellD.well; good)3. Your voice sounds.A.beautifulB

22、.to be beautifulC.beautifullyD.be beautiful)4.Was there atalk between the two countries last month?A.friendB.friendshipC.of friendD.friendly)5.Joan pushed the doorand went in hurriedly.A.openedB.openC.openlyD.opening)6.here are taken good care of.A.The injuredB.1njuredC.An injuredD.Being injured)7.N

23、othing isthan a hot drink on a cold winter day.A.goodB.bestC.betterD.to be good)8.It's raining _. We have to stay at home instead of going fishing.A.badlyB.heavilyC.stronglyD.hardly)9. The weather is nothot in this district.A.such aB.suchC.that aD.that)10.Is there any news about theship?A.missed

24、B.to missC.being missedD.missing學習必備歡迎下載【B 組】一、單項選擇()1.Usually John would be late for meetings.But this time，to my surprise，he arrivedon time.A.littleB.muchC.everD.even()2.Peter's jacket looked just the same as Jack's，but it costhis.A.as much twice asB.twice as much asC.much as twice asD.as twice much as()3. How muchshe looked without her glasses!A.wellB.goodC.best.D.better()4.It was a nice house， buttoo small for a family to live in.A.rarelyB.fairlyC.ratherD.pretty()5.The children loved their day trip， and they enjoyed the horse ride.A.mostB.moreC.lessD.little()6