高三英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)句型練習(xí)名詞性從句講解與練習(xí)(無答案)

1、句型練習(xí)一一名詞性從句知識點和例題講解名詞性從句在復(fù)合句中具有名詞的性質(zhì)的作主語、表語、同位語、賓語的從句叫名詞性從句。因此，我們把主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句和賓語從句這四種從句統(tǒng)稱為名詞性從句。當(dāng)名詞性從句要采用陳述句語序。由一個含疑問意義的連詞引起時，必須將該連詞放在名詞性從句的開頭，且該從句語序不能倒裝。一、引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞類 另I詞 義在從句中的作用that無任何詞義僅起連接作用，在從句中小充 當(dāng)任何句子成分if 和 whether意為是否”，表明 從句意義的不確定性起連接作用，在從句中不充當(dāng) 任何句子成分關(guān) 系代詞 who, what, which, whom, whose

2、, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever有各自自身的意義起連接作用，并在從句中充當(dāng) 主、表、賓、定語等關(guān) 系 副 詞 when,where,why,how, however, whenever, wherever有各自自身的意義起連接作用，并在從句中 充當(dāng)狀語whether 和if的區(qū)別(1) whether可以引導(dǎo)discuss和介詞賓語從句，而 if不能。They are talking about whether they will go there.他們正在討論是否去那里。(不能用 if)(2) whether可以應(yīng)到所有的名詞性從句，而 if只

3、能引導(dǎo)賓語從句；在引起主語從句時，特別是主語從句 在句首時，不能用if ,除非是有形式主語it的主語從句。Whether the 2019 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet. 2019年奧運會是否在北京舉行還不知道。(不能用if)(3) whether 后可以直接跟 or not 或 or no ,構(gòu)成 whether or not 或 whether or no , if 則不能。但可 以說 whether/if or not, whether/if or。I don't know whether or no

4、t he'll come. 我不知道他是否會來。(不能用 if )(4) if引導(dǎo)的從句可用于否定的謂語，whether引導(dǎo)的從句不用于否定的謂語。I don't care if you won't come.我才不在乎他來不來呢。(5) whether可or引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，or不可省略；if可以引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。Whethe門t snows or not, I will go there by bike.不論明天下不下雪，我都騎車去。If he had been given more time he could have done it much better.如果

5、給他更多的時間， 他會做得更好。(6) whether可以和不定式連用，而 if不能。He didnknow whether to get married or to wait他不知道是現(xiàn)在結(jié)婚還是等等再說。They havent decwcwieeiher togo there or not他們還沒決定去不去。第5頁(7) whether和if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，可以用肯定，也可以用否定，但含義不同。He asked whether she could help. 他問她是否能幫忙。 (表示疑問，可加 or not )He asked whether she couldn他認(rèn)為她能ept。(表示

6、否定，不可加 or not )巧記 whether 與if 異同“ whether與i都可表 是否"，是?？純?nèi)容。下面的順口溜可幫你記住其異同。主從表從同位從，if不用whether用；discuss和介詞后，whether 引賓從；不定式、or not后面跟，whether獨能顯神通；賓從如是否定句，if發(fā)揮其功用； 避免歧義要慎重，其它情況可換用。二、主語從句(subject clauses)在復(fù)合句中起主語作用的從句叫主語從句。引導(dǎo)主語從句的詞有從屬連詞、關(guān)系代詞、連接副詞等。引導(dǎo)主語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有從屬連詞that、whether ,關(guān)系代詞：who, what, which

7、, whom, whose, whatever,whoever, whomever, whichever ; 關(guān)系副詞 ： when, where, how, why, however, whenever, wherever 等。1、 從屬連詞that , whether引導(dǎo)的主語從句。從屬連詞that , whether在主語從句中的作用只是引導(dǎo)主語從句，它們在從句中不擔(dān)任成分，不能省略。That you don ke him is none of my business.你不喜歡她不管我的事。Whether she will come or not is still a question.

8、 她是否會來仍是一個問題。2、 2、由連接代詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句。(1) 連接代詞 who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等，弓I導(dǎo)主語從句時，它們分別在從句中擔(dān)任主語、賓語或定語，不能省略。Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. 走得最晚的應(yīng)當(dāng)關(guān)燈。What you have done might do harm to other people.你的行為可能傷害別人。(2) what引導(dǎo)主語從句”的東西/事情”時，可用來

9、表示the thing(s)which 這種意思，引導(dǎo)從句，表示一樣?xùn)|西與一件事情，這種用法的what稱為關(guān)系代詞型 what , who , whom , which , what可以和ever構(gòu)成合成詞，和 what 一樣引導(dǎo)從句，ever起強調(diào)作用。這些關(guān)系詞在句子中充當(dāng)成分，所以不能省略。此 類主語從句不能用形式主語it引導(dǎo)。What I need (=The thing which I need)is a mobile phone. 我所需要的是一部移動電話。Whoever leaves the office (=Any one who leaves the office)shoul

10、d tell me. 無論是誰離開辦公 室都應(yīng)該告訴我。2、連接副詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句。連接副詞有 when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever等弓I導(dǎo)主語從句時，它們在從句中擔(dān)任狀語，不能省略。此類主語從句可以轉(zhuǎn)換為以it作形式主語的句子。Why he didn't come here is not clear to anyone.他為什么沒來誰也不清楚。三、表語從句用作表語的從句叫作表語從句， 它位于主句中的連系動詞之后。 引導(dǎo)表語從句的詞有從屬連詞 that ,whether、 as though(if) ; 關(guān)系代詞 who,

11、 what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等；關(guān)系副詞 when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever等?？梢越颖碚Z從句的連系動詞由 be, look,remain, seem 等。That引導(dǎo)表語從句時，在口語中，間或可以省略。1、由從屬連詞that , whether引導(dǎo)的表語從句。that在引導(dǎo)表語從句時無詞義，而whether有詞義，意為、是否"。這時主句的主語常常是些抽象名詞，如 question（問題），trouble（麻煩），pr

12、oblem（問題），result（結(jié)果），chance（可能性），suggestion（建議），idea（想 法），reason（理由）等。表語從句對主句主語進行說明、解釋，使主語的內(nèi)容具體化。The trouble is （that） she has 10st his money.麻煩的事是他丟了錢。The question is whether we need more ice cream.問題是我們是否還需要一些冰淇淋。2、由關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的表語從句。關(guān)系代詞 who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, which

13、ever等弓I導(dǎo)表語從句，在句中作主語、賓語、表語，關(guān)系代詞不能省略。The question is which of us should go.問題是我們哪個應(yīng)該去。The problem was who could do the work.問題是誰能做這項工作。3、由關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的表語從句。Go and get your coat. It's where you left it .去把雨衣拿來。就在你原來放的地方。That is what he is worried about. 那就是他所擔(dān)心的。4、由連詞because , as if/as though 等引導(dǎo)的表語從句。It

14、 looked as if it was going to snow.看起來好像要下雪 了。四、同位語從句用作同位語的從句叫同位語從句。它一般跟在抽象名詞 fact , idea , news , hope , belief , thought , truth ,doubt , suggestion , warning, instruction , reason , information, question等之后，對這些名詞進行說明或解釋。引導(dǎo)同位語從句的詞除連詞that , whether外，還有關(guān)系代詞 what, which, who,以及關(guān)系副詞how ,when , where ,

15、 why 等。1、由從屬連詞that , whether引導(dǎo)的同位語從句。I didn't receive the news that the meeting had been put off我沒有聽至 U會議被推遲的消息。2、由關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的同位語從句。You can have no idea what he said .你根本想不到他說了些什么。3、由關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的同位語從句。I have no idea when he will be back.我不知道他什么時候回來。4、定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別。（1）同位語從句相當(dāng)于名詞，它對其前的名詞起補充說明或進一步解釋其內(nèi)容的作用；而

16、定語從句的功能相當(dāng)于形容詞，它對其先行詞起修飾、描述或限制作用。The suggestion （that） she has put forwardis very good. 她提出的建議很好。（定語從句 ）The suggestion that_we clean the classroom_by turns is very good. 我們輪流打掃教室，這個建議彳艮好。 （同位語從句）（2）引導(dǎo)定語從句的that是關(guān)系代詞，在從句中充當(dāng)某種成分，作賓語時可省略；而引導(dǎo)同位語從句的 that是連接詞，在從句中不作任何成分，也不能省略。The fact （that） we talked about

17、 is important. 我們所談?wù)摰那闆r很重要。（定語從句，that作從句中介詞about的賓語）The fact that he succeeded in the experiment pleased everybody. 他的實驗成功了， 這使大家很高興。(同位語從句，that在從句中不作任何成分)(3)引導(dǎo)定語從句的 when , where是關(guān)系副詞，不但在句中充當(dāng)句子成分，還有與其含義相當(dāng)?shù)南刃性~；而引導(dǎo)同位語從句的when, where是關(guān)系副詞，雖可以在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分，但沒有與之含義相當(dāng)?shù)南刃性~。Gone forever are the days when Chines

18、e people were bullied.中國人民受欺侮的時候一去不復(fù)返了。(定語從句，the days與when構(gòu)成含義相當(dāng)?shù)拇钆潢P(guān)系)I have no idea when he will be back .我不知道他什么時候回來。(同位語從句，idea與when在含義上沒有任何搭配關(guān)系)(4) 同位語從句的先行詞應(yīng)是表示抽象概念的詞， 如：idea, belief, conclusion, impression , fact , news, idea , thought , hope , order, suggestion , belief等，而定語從句的先行詞是各種抽象概念的詞或具體

19、概 念的詞。He expressed the hope that he would wAte a novel someday.他表示希望有一天能寫小說。(同位語從句)I will never forget the days when we were in Liangxiang together .我永遠(yuǎn)忘不了我們在良鄉(xiāng)的 日子。 (定語從句)五、賓語從句(object clauses)用作賓語的從句叫做賓語從句。賓語從句的位置與陳述句基本結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語相同。賓語從句可作謂語動詞 的賓語，也可以作介詞和非謂語動詞(動詞不定式、動名詞、分詞)和某些形容詞的賓語。賓語從句可以由 從屬連詞 that w

20、hether 、if ,關(guān)系代詞 what, who, whose, which 和關(guān)系副詞 when、where、how、why 等 引導(dǎo)。1、作動詞賓語(1)由從屬連詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時，只起引導(dǎo)詞作用，在句中不做成分，在 口語和非正式文體中常省去。I think (that) he'll be right in a few days.我認(rèn)為他幾天后就會好的。(2)由關(guān)系代詞what, who, whose, which引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，在句中作成分，即主語、賓語、表語和定語,關(guān)系代詞在句中不能省略。A computer can only do what

21、you have instructed it to do. 計算機只能按人的指令去做。Do you know whom they are waiting for?你知道他們在等誰嗎？(3)關(guān)系副詞 when , where , how, why等引導(dǎo)賓語從句。關(guān)系副詞 when , where , how , why既有疑問意義，又起連接作用，而且在賓語從句中充當(dāng)各種狀語， 分別表時間、地點、方式、原因。在句中不能省略。Please tell me when we shall discuss our plan.請告訴我我們將何時討論計劃。I don't know where we ar

22、e going to have the meeting.我不知道我們將在哪里開會。(4)由從屬連詞 whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。I wonder whether (if) daughters are valued as much as sons in the countryside.我想知道在鄉(xiāng)下女 兒是否和兒子一樣受到重視。我不知道你是否愿意幫我。I don't know whether (if) you are willing to help me.否定轉(zhuǎn)移。(1)如果主句的謂語動詞是“think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, f

23、ancy, guess, reckon, imagine等，其后的賓語從句如含有否定意義，一定要把否定詞一道主句謂語上，從句謂語動詞用肯定形式。I don ' t thhnk can do it better than me.我想他不會比我干得好。I don ' t believe he treated the child like that.我相信他不會那樣對待孩子的。(2) think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, reckon, imagine等此類動詞后，在簡略答語中，用 so替代前文肯定的賓語從句

24、；若替代一個否定的賓語從句，用 not或notso替代前文整個 從句。-I believe we've met somewhere before .-No, I don't think so .我認(rèn)為我們從前在哪見過。"沒有，我認(rèn)為我們以前沒見過。”-Do you think it's going to rain over the weekend?-I believe not .你認(rèn)為這周末會下雨嗎？"我認(rèn)為不會。”注意：hope只能說I hope not 一種形式，因為 hope不能否定轉(zhuǎn)移。如果 think, consider, suppose,

25、 believe, expect, fancy, guess, reckon, imagine等前有副詞或表示強調(diào)的do, does, did ；或者同其它詞構(gòu)成并列謂語；或者不以現(xiàn)在時出現(xiàn)；或者用作插入語中。這時候不用否定 轉(zhuǎn)移。't saythOWhW不和他說那件事。't be deceivedby劃也m01 他不會被那個人欺騙。I really expect she didnI think and hope that he won7、時態(tài)的呼應(yīng)與語序。在賓語從句中只能用陳述句語序，時態(tài)呼應(yīng)上要遵循以下三條原則：(1)如果主句謂語是一般現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r，賓語從句的謂語可根據(jù)意

26、思的需要使用任何一種時態(tài)。Can you make sure where Alice has put the gold ring ?你能確定愛麗絲把金戒指放到什么地方了嗎?They have no idea at all where he has gone .他們一點也不知道他去了 哪。Do you know who he was talking with at eight last night?你知道他昨晚和誰一起說話嗎？(2)如果主句謂語是一般過去時，賓語從句要用表示過去的某一時態(tài)。如：He said he would come to see us the next day.他說他明天將來

27、看我們。I wanted to know whether he had been to Beijing.我想知道他是否去過北京。(3)如果賓語從句是表示客觀事實、真理等，不管主句是什么時態(tài)，賓語從句一律用一般現(xiàn)在時。Dick asked Lucy how old she is .迪克問露斯她多大了。The teacher said the sun rises in the east . 老師說太陽從東方升起。句型練習(xí)一一名詞性從句1、 主語從句1、 他是否來還是個問題。2、 曾經(jīng)一片廢墟的地方今天變成了一所美麗的學(xué)校且充滿了生機，這的確令人驚異。第5頁3、 我們必須盡可能多地掌握英語單詞，這是

28、很重要的。4、 事實上，一直困擾你的問題也正是中國大多數(shù)家長的困擾所在。5、 他所說的話令我很感興趣。2、 表語從句1、 問題是他能否單獨做這件事。2、 我所知道的是他不能做這件事。3、 這就是我想要知道的。4、 那就是為什么他昨天感冒的原因。5、 看起來要下雨。3、 賓語從句1、他們告訴我他們想知道圖書館怎么走。2、老師說這本書很有趣，值得一讀。3、老師建議我們?nèi)∠@項計劃。4、我認(rèn)為他不會成功。5、我們能學(xué)到我們不知道的東西。6、成功與否取決于我們是否做了足夠多的努力。I .單句語法填空1. （2019 高考北京卷變式）I truly believe beauty comes from w

29、ithin.2. （2019高考安徽卷變式）A ship in harbor is safq but that ' s not ships are built for.3. （2019 高考浙江卷變式）If you swim in a river or lake, be sure to investigate is belowthe water surface. Often there are rocks or branched hidden in the water.4. （2019 高考福建卷變式）一I wonder Mary has kept her figure after a

30、ll these years.By working out every day.5. （2019 高考湖南卷變式）You have to know you ' re going if you are to plan the bestway of getting there.6. （2019 高考重慶卷變式）We must find out Karl is coming so we can book a roomfor him.7. （2019高考陜西卷變式）Reading her biography, I was lost in admiration for DorisLessing

31、had achieved in literature.8. （2019 高考湖d匕卷變式）As John Lennon once said life is happens to you while youare busy making other plans.9. （2019高考江蘇卷變式）一What a mess! You are always so lazy!I'm not to blame , mum. I am you have made me.10. They make suggestions laws should be passed and hikers should b

32、e trained before they attended the activities.H .單句改錯1. （2019 高考四川卷變式）The exhibition tells us what we should do something to stop air pollution.2. The question is if they can cooperate with us.3. What we can ' t get seems better than that we have.4. It was a matter of whoever would take the posi

33、tion.5. Mary wrote an article on how the team had failed to win the game.6. Please remind me where he said he was going. I may be in time to see him off.7. He has an idea which he can make the scientific instrument in a better way.8. She never doubted for a moment whether she was right.9. From space

34、, the earth looks blue. This is why about seventy one percent of its surface is covered by water.m .短文填空一一在下面短文中的空白 處填上適當(dāng)?shù)?單詞，使短文意思通 順AI like reading very much. My classmates' question is 1.I began to lovereading. Actually , I loved reading as a child. I grew up in a college town and I spent all my summervacations in this university. What I meant was 2