定語從句專項講解及訓(xùn)練

1、、定語從句的分類定語從句專項講解及訓(xùn)練一、定語從句的概念(1) 、在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，定語從句一般放在先行詞的后面。如：1) The man who lives n ext to us is a policema n.2) You must do everyth in gthat I do.(2) 、什么是定語？能夠充當(dāng)定語的是：名詞、形容詞、介詞短語、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過 去分詞以及句子等。1) She is abeautiful girl.(形容詞)2) There are threeapple trees in the yard.名

2、 詞)3) The book on the table is hers.(介詞短語)4) A good way to learn English is listening to tapes.不定式)5) There is someonesinging in the room.現(xiàn)在分詞)6) I bought a book written by Mo yan .(過去分詞)7) The pers on who is talk ing to my teacher is my father.(從句)名詞、形容詞作定語放在所修飾詞之前，不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、介詞短評及從句 作定語時，放在所修飾詞

3、之后。二、定語從句的關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞，常見的關(guān)系代詞包括that，which，who(賓格whom，所有格whose)等，關(guān)系副詞包括 where, when，why等。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān) 系副詞放在先行詞及定語從句之間起連接作用，同時又作定語從句的重要成分。關(guān)系詞在定語從句中的作用有三個：1、連接作用：連接先行詞和定語從句；2、指代作 用：關(guān)系詞指代的就是先行詞；3、充當(dāng)句子的成分：在定語從句中充當(dāng)一個句子成份(主 語、賓語、定語或是狀語)I prefer music (that) I can sing along with.(關(guān)系詞作 with 后的賓語，可以省略)

4、 The expression(that)we use depends on whom we are speaking tc關(guān)系詞作賓語，可以省略 ) He likes musicians who write their own lyrics .(關(guān)系詞作主語，不能省略，定語從句中謂語動 詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由先行詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定)(1) 、如何把簡單句子改成含有定語從句的句子，首先要確定先行詞，再根據(jù)先行詞來確定 關(guān)系詞。The girl is my sister. My sister is weari ng glasses.The girl who/that is wearing glasses is

5、 my sister.(先行詞為人 the girl，關(guān)系詞為 who/that) 而不能改為：The girl is my sister who is weari ng glasses.(不符合正常的邏輯，改寫要注意句 子是否合理)I like movies. The movies were made by Zhang yimou.-1 like movies which/that were made by Zhang yimou.(先行詞為物 movies,關(guān)系詞為 which/that)(2) 、定語從句的作用是用來修飾名詞或代詞，它就相當(dāng)于一個形容詞，在句中可翻譯為“ 的”，所以在完成

6、句子中有“的”的句子要注意是否是定語從句。1. -Do you like the so ng Little Apple?-Yes, I do. It ' s我聽過的最受歡迎的歌曲之一 ).(popular)2. What do you?認(rèn)為習(xí)慣和他的父母頂嘴 的那個孩子怎么樣)(back)根據(jù)定語從句與先行詞的關(guān)系，定語從句可分為限制性定語從句及非限制性定語從句。 限制性定語從句緊跟先行詞，主句與從句不用逗號分開，從句不可省去，非限制性定語從 句主句與從句之間有逗號分開，起補充說明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。四、關(guān)系代詞的用法1. that既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在從句中作主語或

7、賓語，作主語時不可省略， 作賓語可省略。例如：Mary likes music that is quiet and ge ntle 瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂。(that 作主語)The coat (that) I put o n the desk is blue我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍(lán)色的。(that作賓語)2. which用于指物，在句中作主語或賓語，作主語不可省略，作賓語可省略。例如：The buildi ng which sta nds n ear the train statio n is a supermarkets 于火車站附近的那座大 樓是一家超市。(作主語)The film (wh

8、ich) we saw last night was wonderful.我們昨天晚上看的那部電影很好看。 (作賓語)3. who，whom用于指人，who用作主語，whom用作賓語。在口語中，有時可用 who 代替whom，也可省略。例如：The girl who ofte n helps me with my En glish is from En gla nd.經(jīng)常在英語方面幫助我的那 個女孩是英國人。(作主語)Who is the teacher (whom) Li Mi ng is talk ing to ? 正在與李明談話的老師是誰？(作賓語)(1) 當(dāng)定語從句中含有介詞，介詞放在

9、句末時，who， that， which可省略，但介詞 在關(guān)系代詞前時，只能用 介詞+which/whom”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：This is the house in which we lived last yea這是我們?nèi)ツ昃幼〉姆孔?。Please tell me from whom you borrowed the En glish no vel.請告訴我你從誰那借的這本英 文小說。(2) 含有介詞的固定動詞詞組中，介詞不可前置，只能放在原來的位置上。例如：This is the person whom you are look ing for.這就是你要找的那個人。(3) that作介詞的賓語

10、時，介詞不能放它的前面，只能放在從句中動詞的后面。例如： The city that she lives in is very far away 她居住的城市非常遠(yuǎn)。(4) 關(guān)系詞只能用that的情況：a. 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級所修飾，或本身是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級 時，只能用that，而不用which.例如：He was the first pers on that passed the exam他 是第一個通過考試的人。b. 被修飾的先行詞為 all， any，much， many，everything，anything，none, the one等不定代詞時，只能用that

11、，而不用which.例如：Is there any thi ng that you want to buy in the shop 你在商店里有什么東西要買嗎？c. 先行詞被 the only， the very， the same the last, little， few 等詞修飾時，只能 用that，而不用which.例如：This is the same bike that I lost這就是我丟的那輛自行車。Mary is the only one who likes playing baseball in her class.(因為 one 既能表示人又能表 示物，所以當(dāng)one表示

12、人時后面的關(guān)系代詞還是用 who)d. 先行詞里同時含有人或物時，只能用that，而不用which.例如：I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the roonft能清楚記得我 在那個房間所見到的人和一些照片。e. 以who或which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句，為避免重復(fù)，只能用that例如：Who is the girl that is crying ? 正在哭泣的那個女孩是誰？f. 主句是there be結(jié)構(gòu)，修飾主語的定語從句用 that,而不用which.例如：There is a book on the

13、 desk that belongs to Tom桌子上那本書是湯姆的。(5)關(guān)系詞只能用which,而不用that的情況：a. 先行詞為that, those時，用which, 而不用that.例如：What ' s that which is under the dek在桌子底下的那些東西是什么？b. 關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時，一般用 which,而不用that例如：This is the room in which he lives.這是他居住的房間。c. 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，用 which,而不用that例如：Tom came bacK which made us happy.湯姆

14、回來了，這使我們彳艮高興。五、關(guān)系副詞的用法(1) when指時間，其先行詞表示時間，在句中作時間狀語。例如：This was the time when he arrived這是他至U達(dá)的時間。(2) where指地點，其先行詞表示地點，在句中作地點狀語。例如：This is place where he works這是他工作的地點。(3) why指原因，其先行詞是原因，起原因狀語作用。例如：Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.沒人知道他為什么上學(xué)總遲至嘰 單項填空練習(xí)：1. -Do you know the man

15、 is talking with your father? -Yes, he' eurheadmaster.A. he B. who C. which D. whom2. Is this the riverI can swim?A. which B. in which C. that D. the one3. This is the best hotel in the cityI know. A. where B. which C. that D.it4. Can you lend me the dictionarythe other day A. that you bought B.

16、 youbought itC. that you bought it D. which you bought it5. Anyonewith what I said may put up you han ds.A. which agrees B. who agree C. who agrees D. which agree6. My watch is not the onlythingis missing. A. that B. it C. which who7. The mancoat is black is waiting at the gateA. who s B. whose C. t

17、hat of which.8. The girlis reading under the treemy sister.A. which ； is B. whom； was C. who； is D. who； was9. I love placesthe people are really friendly. A. that B. which C. where D. who10. Do you find the information about famous peopleyou will use in your report?A. that B. who C. whom D. whatII

18、.He always believes the story of the poor girlhis grandmother told him.A. whoB. which C.whom D.what用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞that, which, who, whom填空。1. The first thingyou must do is to have a meal.2. April 1st is the dayis called April Fools Day in the west.3. The familyhad lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends.4. The housewe