大學(xué)英語全新版 第三冊第4單元ppt課件

1、Before Reading 1. Story of Extraterrestrials Invading EarthListen to the StoryQuestions about the Story2. Background Information 3. Warm-up ExercisesIssac AsimovVenus The Solar System Space Exploration US Federal GovernmentListen to the Story Questions about the Story How did the Earthlings fight ag

2、ainst the invasion of the An-vils? Were they successful?They fought with bullets, ordinary bombs, super-atom bombs, gases and bacteria, but they failed.Questions about the Story 2. What was Knowall by profession? What tricks did he use to drive away the invaders? Was he successful?Knowall was a psyc

3、hiatrist, a doctor treating mental illness. At first he filled the An-vils with human emotions so that they would fight each other. He didnt succeed. Then he made them feel homesick. This time his trick worked.Questions about the Story 3. How come all the An-vils rose up from Earth at a given signal

4、 one day and flew back to their own star?They were made to feel homesick, a strong desire to fly back to where they had started.Issac Asimov Issac Asimov (19201992) was a Russian-born American writer and scientist. He was a distinguished biochemist, but is more widely known as the author of many wor

5、ks of science fiction, books on science for non-scientists, and essays on a wide variety of subjects. Among his best-known science fiction is I, Robot (1950) and the Foundation trilogy (19511953). Building on Karel Capeks concept of the robot, in 1941 Asimov coined the term robotics. Astronomers ref

6、er to Venus as the Earths sister planet. Both are similar in size, mass, density and volume. However, Venus is very different from the Earth. It has no oceans and is surrounded by a heavy atmosphere composed mainly of carbon dioxide with The Solar System The nine planets in the solar system are plac

7、ed in order of mass in the first picture. The numbers in the first picture indicate their positions in the solar system. Drag the numbers to their corresponding planets.Jupiter 木星木星 Neptune 海王星海王星Earth地球地球Saturn 土星土星Venus 金星金星Uranus天王星天王星Mars火星火星Mercury水星水星Pluto冥王星冥王星key1 2 3 456789S U N 1 2 3 45678

8、9S U N 1 2 3 456789S U N 1 2 3 456789S U N 1 2 3 456789S U N 1 2 3 456789S U N 1 2 3 456789S U N 1 2 3 456789S U N 1 2 3 456789S U N 1 2 3 456789S U N Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune Pluto S U N Space Exploration 1. Introduction2. Soviet/Russian Space Program3. US Space Progra

9、m4. Chinas First Man in Space Introduction Space exploration was made possible by advances in rocket technology. It began during the cold war when the Soviet Union launched the first space satellite.Soviet/Russian Space Program The Soviet Union launched Sputnik I in Oct. 1957. And the space race beg

10、an. Soviet cosmonauts chopped up a list of firsts: Yuri Gagarin, pilot of Vostok 1, the first human in space; Valentina Tereshkova, the first woman in space. Through the 1970s and 80s Following the Soviet Sputnik I, in 1958 US sent into space the first artificial satellite Explorer I. Four years lat

11、er, John Glenn became the first American in orbit. In 1961US Space Program President Kennedy proposed the Apollo programme to achieve a manned lunar landing by 1970, and in 1969 it came true.US Space Program Astronauts Neil Armstrong,Buzz Aldrin and Michael Collins knew that their Apollo mission was

12、 one with a difference. Their destination was the moon. As millions watched, the mighty Saturn V Apollo 11 lifted off. On course for the moon, the lunar excursion module (登月艙) Eagle was released. The world watched as the Eagle approached the surface of the moon. As Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin per

13、formed those first memorable moments of lunar dancing, the significance of their US Space Program In 1981 the USA launched a space shuttle, the first reusable space craft, but its commercial and scientific programme was interrupted for two years by the explosion of Challenger in 1986. (After an appa

14、rently perfect lift-off, the tenth flight of the space shuttle ends in tragedy.)Chinas first man in space Chinas Long March CZ-2 F rocket, carrying the manned spacecraft Shenzhou V, blasts off from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in the northwestern province of Gansu on October 15, 2003. China b

15、ecame the third country after the former Soviet Union and the US Federal Government The US federal government is divided into three separate, but equally powerful branches: the legislative (which writes the laws); the executive (which carries out the laws); and the judicial (which reviews the way la

16、ws are applied). The separation of powers also allows for a system of checks and balances within the government. Each branch is given certain control over the other two, which balances the power and keeps the potential for abuse of power in check. US Federal Governmentexecutivelegislativemake the la

17、wjudicialenforce the law.6.can suggest and veto legislation1. can override (越過, 不思索) a veto2. can impeach (彈劾) presidentappoint the justicescan force the President to follow the laws with no appealInterpret the law4.pass a new lawcan rule laws unconstitutional (違反憲法的) The President is the chi

18、ef executive, or chief administrator, of the United States. His job is to manage all of the people who work in the executive branch and to make sure the laws ofthe nation are enforced. He is also the foremost representative of the nation and head of the diplomatic corps (外交使團(tuán)). In addition, he has c

19、ertain legislative and judicial powers. For example, he may suggest legislation to Congress that he feels will improve the “state of the union and may also veto (reject) legislation that he feels should not become law. He nominates (任命，指派) Supreme Court justices (judges) and is also the commander in

20、 chief (總司令) of the United States Armed Forces. The Constitution specifies that there shall be two separate legislative bodies - the House of Representatives and the Senate. Together they are called the Congress. The two bodies of Congress worktogether to make the laws and regulations for the countr

21、y. Before a new law can be made, both houses have to pass it, and it must then have the approval of the President. In a system of government based on a series of checks and balances, the two houses of Congress act as a check on each other, as well as together forming a check on the powers of the exe

22、cutive branch, especially the President. The judicial branch of US federal government operates the system of law courts. The Supreme Court in Washington, D.C. is the highest court in the US, and is very powerful. It is made up of nine judges who are called justices. There are one chief justice and e

23、ight associate justices. Traditionally, they are called the nine old men, although there has been one woman justice. TheSupreme Court Judges are appointed by the President with Senates approval. They may serve for life or until they wish to retire. Warm-up Exercises 1. Word-web 2. Group Work 3. Text

24、 Prediction Word-webE.T.flying saucer invasionadvancedalienUFOweirdabductionuniverse flying discouter spaceMartiangalaxyThink of as many words and phrases as possible about Extraterrestrials (E.T.) Group Work 1.Divide the class into groups. Imagine where, when and how you met an E.T, and what happen

25、ed during the encounter. A group secretary takes notes. 2.Based on the notes, a group writer writes a story of about 100 words, and a group illustrator draws a few pictures to illustrate the story. 3.Other group members make revisions. 4.Each group sends a Dictation related to the text Write down wh

26、at you hear about the beginning of the text.No extraterrestrials will ever land on Earth any more. It was all Bart Camerons error. That day while he was buried in his complicated income tax form, Bart Cameron got awfully irritable. And just then the flying saucer landed. Text Prediction Prediction o

27、f the story The following pictures illustrate what happened next in the story. With the beginning part you have just written down, you are given five minutes to work in pairs to make up as many questions as possible about what happened next in the story. Text PredictionGlobal Reading1. Part Division

28、 of the Text 2. True or False 3. Further UnderstandingFor Part 2 Table CompletionPart Division of the TextParts Lines Main Ideas 1 2 178126The narrator claims that no extraterrestrials will ever land on Earth.The narrator gives an account of his encounter with extraterrestrials, making it clear why

29、he claims that they will return no more.True or False1. Bart Cameron was a very bitter man.2. Cameron was so absorbed in his income tax form that he wanted to dismiss the two strangers as quickly as possible.3. The Venusian said, “ We have had your people under observation a long time. By “your peop

30、le, the Venusian meant people in Bart Camerons town.TFF( )( )( )The Venusian meant the people in U.S. or the human beings on Earth.Not always. Bart Cameron became very bitter when he had to work up his complex income tax.4. When the Venusian said they were indeed foreigners, he meant that they came

31、from other countries.6. Bart Cameron mistook the word “Venus for “Venice simply because the two words sound very much alike.He meant they were not from America or any other country on Earth but from the outer space.FF5. The Venusians came to invite U.S.A. to join their organization.T( ) ( )( )It was

32、 because Bart Cameron had judged the Venusians as Italians by their appearance. So everything they said sounded Italian to him. Therefore, he mistook Venus for Venice, a watery place in Italy.Table Completion The main body of the story can be divided into four sections according to time sequence. Pl

33、ease write down the paragraph numbers of each section and give its main plots. Sections Paragraphs Main Plots2 611451 (before the E.T.s arrival) Bart got quite irritable because of his complicated tax form.(the landing of the flying saucer)The narrator was shocked at the sight of a flying saucer lan

34、ding on Earth and two men getting out ofit, while Bart didnt notice it at all.Sections Paragraphs Main Plots4 354812343 (after the E.T.s departure)Unaware of the guests identity and caught up with his tax form, Bart talked to the guests with an impatient and sarcastic tone and turned down their requ

35、est rudely. Their conversation ended with the guests promise of not coming back.(the meeting with the E.T.) After the E.T. left, the narrator got mad at Bart because of his irrational attitude to the guests. Bart didnt realize his stupid error until it wastoo late.1. Listening and Discussion 2. Spee

36、ch Style 3. Role Play4. Useful Expressions5. Expository Essay Writing Review of How to Write an Expository Essay (1)After ReadingHow to Write an Expository Essay (2)6.Proverbs and QuotationsHomework 1. Discuss the following questions.1) Do you think the story sounds plausible? Why or why not?2) Do y

37、ou think there exist extraterrestrials? Give reasons.3) If there were intelligent groups of beings like ourselves existing somewhere, why do you think we havent heard from them? Listening and Discussion There is no hard evidence at present that life exists other than on the Earth. Most UFOs have bee

38、n satisfactorily explained as being natural or man-made, and the Viking missions to Mars were inconclusive in testing for the existence of life on that planet. Nevertheless, searches have been and are being made for signs that life has arisen in other parts of the universe. Certain knowledge that li

39、fe either is confined to planet Earth or has been found elsewhere would have the profoundest philosophical implications for mankind. Factors contributing to any assessment of the probability that life exists elsewhere must include Listening and Discussion Listen to the recording and fill in the blan

40、ks with what you hear. Difficult words and phrases:pessimistically, civilization, over vast distances, inevitably, weapons of mass destruction, evolve, carbon molecules, silicon It has been rather suggested that when a civilization anywhere in the universe becomes enough to, say, develop radio teles

41、copes or the ability to by radio over vast distances, that level of technology almost inevitably is close to . This is true. It could be an answer to the question why we havent heard from other forms of life. pessimistically_advanced_communicate_atom bombs or similar weapons of mass destructiondestr

42、oying itself by_ Listening and Discussion Listen to the recording and fill in the blanks with what you hear. Difficult words and phrases:pessimistically, civilization, over vast distances, inevitably, weapons of mass destruction, evolve, carbon molecules, silicon Its also possible that A really adva

43、nced civilization might have gone beyond biology to develop machine intelligence. They may have evolved not from carbon molecules as we did, but from silicon, . But you dont have to go to silicon. You could have other kinds of carbon-based organic life and still be living.an intelligent civilization

44、 might havemore in common with our machines than ourselves._the samekind of silicon thats the basis of computer technology_from life on this planet as we know itwhich could be very very different_ Listening and Discussion Listen to the recording and fill in the blanks with what you hear. Difficult w

45、ords and phrases:pessimistically, civilization, over vast distances, inevitably, weapons of mass destruction, evolve, carbon molecules, silicon Today Earth is still the only place where we know for sure that life exists. . But there could be life out there. If it could be shown that life evolved som

46、ewhere, anywhere our own home planet, then life on Earth would never be the same again.that we know aboutHuman kind has the only intelligent civilization_beyond doubt_other than_1. Look at the following sentences and browse the text to Say what you want to say quickly and briefly.Spit it out.I have

47、only one close relative, my wife.My people? All I gots a wife.Are you foreigners?You guys foreigners?I want you to leave right now.Get the hell out of here.2. Find in the text the sentences of the two Venusians. In what way can they be put more colloquially? Speech Stylefind how the sheriff expresse

48、d these ideas. 3. Compare the speech style of the sheriff with that of the two Venusians and fill in the blanks with the words given in the brackets. (Some of the words may not be used.)casual, informal, formally, active, passive, long, short, colloquial, elaborate, shortened, complete, incomplete,

49、learned Sheriff Cameron usually spoke in a manner. Perhaps his town was so small that he knew all the townsfolk, therefore speech was proper. His sentences were , , and sometimes . He preferred phrases to single, words. He liked forms and abbreviations, with an occasional curse. But for once, he spo

50、ke . It was when he heard that the two strangers were foreigners and he tried to fulfill the duty of a government rmal_short_casual_colloquial_incomplete_learned_shortened_formally_Speech Style 3. Compare the speech style of the sheriff with that of the two Venusians and fill in the blan

51、ks with the words given in the brackets. (Some of the words may not be used.casual, informal, formally, active, passive, long, short, colloquial, elaborate, shortened, complete, incomplete, learned The Venusians spoke . Their sentences were and involved (復(fù)雜的), their word choice . They used voices an

52、d “if structures. Perhaps it was because they believe in the utter importance of their mission, or they might not have learned to speak freely in a strange tongue.long_Speech Styleelaborate_formally_passive_Divide the class into groups and do the role play based on the plot of the story in Text A. O

53、r change the plot of the story in Text A and do a role play accordingly. Role PlayModleSuppose Cameron happens to be away when the Venusians come to visit his office. His deputy tries to handle the situation. When he learns that the Venusians are ready to help humans, he proceeds to discuss with the

54、m some of the problems on Earth - pollution, the rapid exhaustion of natural resources, overpopulation, etc. - and seek their advice about solutions.Useful Expressions1. on account of由于由于2. a general store雜貨鋪雜貨鋪3. a sheep ranch牧羊場牧羊場4. insist on doing sth非得，堅(jiān)持非得，堅(jiān)持5. a flying saucer飛碟飛碟Useful Expres

55、sions6. be backed up against背靠著背靠著7. knock off下班下班8. hit the sack上床睡覺上床睡覺9. a shooting star流星流星10. bug ones eyes瞪大雙眼瞪大雙眼11. a dark complexion深色皮膚深色皮膚12. have under observation察看察看13. spit out有話直說有話直說14. go for喜歡喜歡15. regardless of不論不論Useful Expressions16. at sb.s service為為 效力效力17. a hurry-up message

56、加快信，快件加快信，快件18. go to pieces氣壞了氣壞了19. recover ones wits回過神回過神20. make like偽裝，裝扮作偽裝，裝扮作Useful Expressions21. knock down擊倒，撞倒擊倒，撞倒22. The breath goes out of sb.氣都喘不出來了氣都喘不出來了23. take off起飛起飛24. fade out逐漸消逝逐漸消逝Useful ExpressionsReview of How to Write an Expository Essay (1)Unit 3, Book 1 has given us

57、two tips about the writing of expository essays. They are :1. Narrowing the scope of discussion, which means we have to our discussion to a manageable topic rather than fighting with a too general or broad one.2. Making clear our attitude toward the subject, eg., clearly our attitude so as not to le

58、ave the readers with a vague idea of our opinion.limit/narrow/boil down/reduce_stating/expressing/presenting_ To make our exposition both instructive and interesting, it is advisable to illustrate the discussion by giving concrete examples and details. Vivid illustrations light up abstract ideas and

59、 make them clear, intriguing, memorable and convincing. Read the following paragraphs and answer the questions.How to Write an Expository Essay (2)1Preparing Enough Material Childhood was an illusion and the illusion was this: everything was bigger. No, I mean everything, not just houses and shops a

60、nd grown-ups, but colours and flowers and journeys, especially journeys which seemed endless. “Are we there yet, Daddy? Funfairs were huge things that spread for miles around you with noise and lights and exciting danger. Rainy days at home when you were ill seemed to last for ever. Being an adult y