英語賓語從句知識點

1、英語賓語從句知識點一. 賓語從句的定義置于動詞、介詞等詞性后面起賓語作用的從句叫賓語從句。賓語從句的語序 必須是陳述語序。謂語動詞、介詞、動詞不定式，v.-ing形式后面都能帶賓語從 句。有些形容詞(afraid,sure,glad等)之后也可以帶賓語從句。二. 賓語從句中引導(dǎo)詞的用法 在復(fù)合句中作主句的賓語，引導(dǎo)詞有： 連詞:that (that ?？墒÷?,whether, if 代詞：who, whose, what,which 副詞： when ,where, how, why 等。(-)that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句(在非正式場合that可以省略)可跟that從句做賓語的動詞有：say, t

2、hink, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report 等。例句：the boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.注

3、意事項：當(dāng)主句謂語動詞是think, believe, suppose, expect等詞，而賓語 從句的意思是否定時，常把否定轉(zhuǎn)移至主句表示。例句：i don't think it is right for him to treat you like that. 在以下情況中that不能省略1 .當(dāng)句中的動詞后接多于兩個由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時，第一個that可省， 但后面的that不可省。例句：he said (that) you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell y

4、ou.2. 當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞與that賓語從句之間有插入語時，that 一般不可省。 例句：just then i noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his finegreen coat and his black silk cap.3. 當(dāng)that從句是雙賓語中的直接賓語時，that不可省。例句:i can't tell him that his mother died.注意事項：許多帶復(fù)合賓語的句子，that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句經(jīng)常移到句子后部, 而用it作形式賓語。例句：i find it necessar

5、y that we should do the homework on time. 賓語從句的語序：賓語從句的語序是陳述語序，艮卜連接詞+主語+謂語+其它成分”。特別強(qiáng)調(diào): 它的主語和謂語的語序是陳述語序，而不是疑問句的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。can you tell me who(m) do we have to see?(x) can you tell me who(m) we have to see?(寸) the teacher asked the students what they were doing.(思考：what 在從句中的成 分)陳述句變?yōu)橘e語從句時，要注意人稱和時態(tài)的變化，語序不變。

6、eg. she said, “i will leave a message on the dcsk., a she saidshe would leave a message on the desk.一般疑問句和特殊疑問句變?yōu)橘e語從句時，也要注意人稱和時態(tài)的變化，后面 接陳述語序。eg. “where are the tickets?” i asked him.a i asked him where the tickets are.三、賓語從句的時態(tài)呼應(yīng)：賓語從句中謂語動詞的時態(tài)，常常受到主句謂語時態(tài)的制約，此為時態(tài)呼應(yīng)。 如果主句謂語是一般現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r，從句謂語的時態(tài)不受限制；如果主句謂語

7、的時態(tài)是一般過去時，從句一般要隨著改為相應(yīng)的過去 時態(tài)(一般過去時、過去進(jìn)行時、過去將來時、過去完成時)。eg. i thought (that) you are free today. (x)i thought (that) you would be free today. (7)【注意】當(dāng)賓語從句敘述的是客觀真理時，不管主句謂語的時態(tài)如何，從句 都用一般現(xiàn)在時。eg. the teacher told us (that) the earth moves around the sun.山、其他需要說明的問題：1、標(biāo)點由主句決定，如主句是陳述句、祈使句，則用句號；是疑問句則用 問號。eg. i

8、 heard she had been to the great wall, can you tell me which bus i should take?2、要注意個別句子中主從句人稱的一致。五、賓語從句和狀語從句的區(qū)分：eg. 1) i will go out tomorrow if it is fine tomorrow.2) i don't know if the train has arrived.句1中if引導(dǎo)的是狀語從句。這個從句表示“條件”，修飾主句。整個句子的 意思是如果明天天氣好，我就出去。句2中if引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句，充當(dāng)謂語動詞don，tknow的賓語。整個句子

9、的意思是我不知道火車是否 已到達(dá)。判斷方法：1、可以從整個句式看。狀語從句一般可以放在主句的前面或后面(個別除 外)，賓語從句只能放在主句謂語動詞之后。2、從引導(dǎo)詞看。if充當(dāng)賓語從句的連接詞時，相當(dāng)于whether,詞義為“是 否”，充當(dāng)狀語從句的連接詞時，詞義為“如果when充當(dāng)賓語從句的連接詞時，意為“什么時候”，充當(dāng)狀語從句的連接詞時，意為 “當(dāng).的時候”3、從時態(tài)看。if和when作連接詞時，引導(dǎo)賓語從句要注意：從句的謂語動 詞的時態(tài)應(yīng)根據(jù)主句的時態(tài)作相應(yīng)的變化。if和when充當(dāng)從屬連詞時，引導(dǎo)條件和時間狀語從句，若主句的謂語動詞用一般將來時，則從句 的時態(tài)應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。e.g. i think (that) differences are not important in a friendship, an old lady said (that) she found a job as a foreign language teacher, they don't know if (是否)we are going hiking next weekend could you tell me when (什么時候)the train arrives ? we'll go to the great wall if (如果)it doesn&