中考復(fù)習(xí)專題-----動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)及語(yǔ)態(tài)

1、語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)表動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)及語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)意義一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，存在的狀態(tài)，或客觀真理現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響或過去的動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在一般過去時(shí)過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去時(shí)間內(nèi)正發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)過去完成時(shí)過去已完成的動(dòng)作一般將來時(shí)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或?qū)淼臓顟B(tài)標(biāo)志詞語(yǔ)often,always,usually,sometimes,onceaweek,every daynow ， Look!, Listen! ， at this momentalready , yet ,since, so faryesterday ， last week, ago, in

2、 1998, just now at this time yesterday, just then, at 6:00 last Sunday, when+一般過去時(shí)by the end of +過去的時(shí)間， by the time + 一般過去時(shí)tomorrow,nextweek,inthefuture,intwo構(gòu)成公式被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主語(yǔ) +V 原形（主主 語(yǔ) +is/am/are+V語(yǔ)是第三人稱單過分?jǐn)?shù)時(shí)， V 加 s 或es）主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+am/is/are+V-ing+am/is/are+being+V過分主 語(yǔ)+have/has主 語(yǔ)+have/has+V 過分+been+V 過分主語(yǔ) +V

3、過去式主語(yǔ) +was/were +V過分主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+was/were+V-ing+was/were+being+V過分主 語(yǔ) +had+V過主 語(yǔ) +had+been+V分過分主 語(yǔ) +am/is/are主語(yǔ) +willbe+V 過going to+V 原分形 ， 或主 語(yǔ)過去將來時(shí)過去時(shí)間內(nèi)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行過去的動(dòng)作一時(shí)直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在days, in 2100常用于主句是一般過去時(shí)的賓語(yǔ)從句“ since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)/ 從句/時(shí)間點(diǎn)ago”或“ for+ 時(shí)間段”+will+V原形主語(yǔ)+was/were+goingto+V 原形， 或主語(yǔ) +would +V 原形主 語(yǔ) +ha

4、ve /has+been+V-ing主 語(yǔ) +would+be+V過分含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can/may/must 等can/may/must 等 +be+V 原形+V 過分考點(diǎn)精講考點(diǎn) 1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)有哪些特殊用法？（ 1） 表示此時(shí)此刻正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。What s the time now? 現(xiàn)在幾點(diǎn)了？Now, look, I open the window.你瞧，我現(xiàn)在在開窗。（ 2） 在含時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句中（主句為一般將來時(shí)）。I ll call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing tomorrow.明天一到北京，我就給你打電話。（ 3）

5、在主句為過去時(shí)態(tài)的復(fù)合句中，如果賓語(yǔ)從句陳述的是客觀真理，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。The teacher said Maria is a girl. 老師說瑪利亞是個(gè)女孩。（ 4） 表示書、信、報(bào)紙、通知、廣播、告示牌等的內(nèi)容用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。It says, Closed“”.上面寫著，“停止?fàn)I業(yè)” 。專練用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1、 Three plus two_ （ be） five.2、 There_（ go） the bell!3、 Light_ （travel ）faster than sound.4、Here she _（ come）!5、 Tell him about that when

6、 he_(come).6、 If you_ （ask） her tomorrow, she will help you.7、 My father told me that the earth_ （go） around the sun.8、 The notice _ （ say）“ No Smoking! ”.考點(diǎn)used2 to如何使用used to?后加動(dòng)詞原形表示“過去常常”，其疑問句和否定句可直接使用used，也可借助于did 。I used to be afraid of dark . 我過去常怕黑。 He usedntto ride to school. 他過去不常騎車去上學(xué)。He

7、used to smoke, didn the?他過去常抽煙，是嗎？注意： be used to doing 意為“習(xí)慣做某事” ， be used to do 意為“被用來 ”，不要混淆。專練 按要求變化下面的句型1、 I used to walk after dinner.( 改為一般疑問句并作肯定回答)_2、 She used to play near the river.( 改為否定句 )_3、 The children didn tuse to come here early,_ ？ (補(bǔ)全反意疑問句)4、 Most people used to be late,_ ？（補(bǔ)全反意疑問

8、句）5、 Li Ying used to play with her dog.( 就畫線部分提問)_考點(diǎn) 3 一般將來時(shí)有哪些形式？（ 1）“ be going to+ 動(dòng)詞原形”表示計(jì)劃或打算在最近要做的事。Im going to take you to the park. 我打算帶你去公園。（ 2）“ will/shall+ 動(dòng)詞原形”是單純的將來時(shí)，常與表示將來的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。He will come back next week. 他下周回來。（ 3）“ be+動(dòng)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示按計(jì)劃要發(fā)生的事，或用來征求對(duì)方意見。We are to meet outside the park.

9、我們約定在公園外面見。Am I to go on with the work?這工作我是不是接著干下去？（ 4）“ be about+動(dòng)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示即將做某事，一般不用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。It is about to rain. 天要下雨了。（ 5） 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可用于表示馬上要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，多用于瞬間動(dòng)詞（start,begin,die 等）。I m leaving for Shanghai.我要去上海了?？键c(diǎn) 4always, forever 能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)嗎？always, forever 等副詞用于進(jìn)行時(shí)，常表示贊美、厭煩等思想感情。He was always trying out new i

10、deas.他總是產(chǎn)生稀奇古怪的想法?？键c(diǎn) 5哪些動(dòng)詞沒有進(jìn)行時(shí)？表示感覺、 情感、狀態(tài)、看法、意愿的動(dòng)詞一般沒有進(jìn)行時(shí)， 這類動(dòng)詞有： hear, see, smell, look, seem, think, like, want, hope, belong, cost, weigh, prefer, remain, have, own, believe 等。They want to sing an English song now. 他們現(xiàn)在想唱首英語(yǔ)歌。專練改正下面每個(gè)句子中的錯(cuò)誤1、 Im hearing a strange noise now.2、 Now you are lookin

11、g beautiful.3、 The clothes were costing me too much at that time.4、 Look! The boy is having two knives.考點(diǎn) 6現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)有什么區(qū)別？二者表示的動(dòng)作都在過去發(fā)生?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響和結(jié)果，不能與表示過去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用；一般過去時(shí)只表示過去的事實(shí)，與現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系。 Have you done your homework? 你做作業(yè)了嗎？ Yes, I have.做了。 When did you do it? 什么時(shí)候做的？ Last night. 昨天晚上。考點(diǎn) 7

12、have been to, have been in 和 have gone to 有何區(qū)別？have been in 表示“在某地 ”；have been to 表示“去過”某地，常與 ever, never , before, once ,twice 等連用； have gone to 表示“去了”某地，人可能在途中或已到達(dá)那里。 Have you ever been to Beijing? 你去過北京嗎？ Yes, Ive been there twice.是的，我去過那里兩次。Mr.Green has been in this city for ten years. 格林先生在這個(gè)城市

13、已經(jīng)住了十年了。My parents have gone to the park. 我父母去公園了。專練用 have(has) gone to, have (has)been to, have(has) been in 填空1、 Tim_out. He ll be back in an hour.2、 Jim_this city for two years.3、 _you ever_Jinan? It has some famous springs.4、 How long_your sister_the factory? About three years.5、 I have some Aus

14、tralian friends because I_there several times.6、 Why can twe see Mr.Cook? Hes on holiday. He_ China for a visit.考點(diǎn) 8現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子，謂語(yǔ)何時(shí)用瞬間動(dòng)詞，何時(shí)用延續(xù)動(dòng)詞？若表示持續(xù)性的動(dòng)作，常與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)如these days, in the past few years,during the last three months, for two years, so far, up to now, till now, recently等連用。The old man has

15、 been away from home for twenty years. 那老人離開家已十年了。注意：瞬間動(dòng)詞不能與持續(xù)性的完成時(shí)連用，必須改為延續(xù)動(dòng)詞，記住下面的瞬間動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)動(dòng)詞的換用：1、 動(dòng)詞變動(dòng)詞：buy have,borrow keep2、 變?yōu)?“ be+adj./adv.”：begin be on, close/open be closed/open, diebe dead, finish be over, get up be up, marry be married, go be off, come be here, return beback, arrive be he

16、re3、 變?yōu)椤?be+介詞短語(yǔ)”：come/go be in/at, join be in( 或“ be+成員” )， put on wear(或 be in)I came to this school ten years ago. = I have been in this school for ten years. = Ten years has passed since I came to this school. = It is ten years since I came to this school.專練A ）用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1、 I _ （ buy） this bicy

17、cle for five years.2、 You can _（ borrow ）it for two days.3、 The film_ （ begin） for five minutes.4、 How long _ you _ （ go） this school?5、 My brother _ (join) the army since 1999.6、 I _ （ put on） the shoes since three years ago.7、 The old man_ （ die） since 2000.B ) 將下面的句子變?yōu)橥x句8、 They got married two y

18、ears ago. It _since they got married.9、 We came to this school three years ago.We_ this school _three years.10、 I have been up for two hours.Two hours _I got up.考點(diǎn) 9 如何將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)？主動(dòng)句變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的方法是：一看動(dòng)詞，二換主語(yǔ)，三變謂語(yǔ)。（ 1） 主動(dòng)句有雙賓語(yǔ)，可將其中一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，但若將直接賓語(yǔ)用作主語(yǔ)，后面要使用 to 或 for 引出間接賓語(yǔ)。He gave me a book yesterday.I wa

19、s given a book yesterday./A book was given to me yesterday.( 2 )動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)是一個(gè)不可分的整體，變化時(shí)不能丟掉介詞或副詞。You should speak to me politely. I should be spoken to politely.(to 不可少 )（2）主動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ)若是地點(diǎn)名詞，變化時(shí)不要忘記加介詞。Shandong produces salt. Salt is produced in Shandong.( 4 )帶賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，賓補(bǔ)在原位置不動(dòng)。I saw a man playing baske

20、tball there. A man was seen playing basketball there.( 5 )在主動(dòng)句中某些動(dòng)詞后的不定式可省略to，但在被動(dòng)句中to 要補(bǔ)出。Our parents make us study hard. We are made to study hard.專練將下面句子的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)橹鲃?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1、 The students clean the room every day.2、 She gave me twenty yuan last week.3、 A present was bought for me by my sister.

21、4、 The girl has taken care of the blind men for five years.5、 Mary must keep her room clean.6、 The children were being looked after by Ann.7、 Hangzhou produces silk.8、 You cantsee the stars in the daytime.考點(diǎn) 10哪些動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式可以表示被動(dòng)意義？（1）系動(dòng)詞，如 look, feel, taste, smell 等。（2）sell, feel, write, drive, open等詞作

22、不及物動(dòng)詞，其主語(yǔ)為物時(shí)。This kind of clothes sells well. 這種衣服賣得很好。（ 3） 在 be worth doing sth. 中的 doing 。（4）在 need ,want, require 等表示“需要”的動(dòng)詞后接to be done。My kite wants mending. 我的風(fēng)箏需修理。V-ing形式表示被動(dòng)意義，相當(dāng)于專練用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1、 The fur of the cat_ （ feel） very warm.2、 The apples_（ taste） good.3、 This kind of food_ （smell

23、） hot.4、 The latest model cars _ （ sell）well.5、 The ball-pen_ （write ）smoothly.6、 Your coat _ （ not wash）easily.7、 The book is worth_ （ read） .8、 Your hair wants _ （ cut） .考點(diǎn) 11 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)有哪些習(xí)慣用法？It is said that 據(jù)說 It is well known that 眾所周知 It is reported that 據(jù)報(bào)道 It is believed that 大家相信 It is said that

24、 it will rain tomorrow.據(jù)說明天要下雨。專練根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示，用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空，完成下面的句子1、 _ （據(jù)說） we will have an English exam tomorrow.2、 _( 眾所周知 )most families have one bike at least.3、 _( 大家相信 )our government will solve this problem.考點(diǎn) 12 如何判斷時(shí)態(tài)？遇到時(shí)態(tài)判斷題可按以下步驟判斷：一找標(biāo)志（詞） ，二想公式，三寫變化。首先找出時(shí)態(tài)標(biāo)志詞，如：He_ （not talk ） now.其標(biāo)志詞是now。再根據(jù)標(biāo)志詞確定

25、用哪些時(shí)態(tài)，想想其公式。如now是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的標(biāo)志，公式是am/is/are+V-ing 。注意：看句式是疑問句還是否定句，寫出變化形式。如上題是否定句，故填專練 用所給動(dòng)詞的正確時(shí)態(tài)填空isnttalking 。1、 Look! The children_ （ play） in the playground. I know that they_ （ have） a sports meeting next week.2 、 Thestudents_ （ talk ） loudlywhenthe teacher came in.Theteacher_（ be） very angry.3、 My

26、father said he_ （ not give ） any presents for my next birthday.4、 We_ （ learn） 2000 English words by the end of last term.綜合訓(xùn)練一.選用方框里的動(dòng)詞，用其適當(dāng)形式填空。give,bring,go,speak,rain,turn off,make,sleep,play,build1.Tommany friends since he came here.2.Sheswimming tomorrow afternoon.3.Jim is always busy.Heonly s

27、ix hours every night.4.Chinesein many countries today.5.Look!The studentsfootball on the playground.6.The bridgeby the farmers themselves in 1950.7.The headmasterus a talk yesterday.8.Pleasethe lights when you leave.9.Mr.Smith asked methe book with me that afternoon.10.Take the rain coat with you.It

28、now.二.單項(xiàng)選擇1.-What a nice bike!How longyouit?-Just two weeks.A.will;buyB.did;buyC.are;havingD.have;had2.-Hurry up!We're all waiting for you.-Ifor an important phone call.Go without me.A.waitB.was waitingC.am waitingD.waited3.Great changesin the last three years.A.have taken placeB.have been taken

29、 placeC.have happenedD.have been happened4.Every morning the patients are asked iftheir temperature taken.A.they had hadB.have they hadC.they have hadD.had they had5.Half of the classmost of the work,and some of the workreally difficult.A.have done;isB.has done;areC.has done;isD.have done;are6.-Ther

30、e's too much salt in the Chinese diet.-So there is.The WHO says only 1.5 grams of saltfor each man every day.A.is neededB.needsC.will needD.has needed7.The studentshow to do the experiment in class yesterday.A.were taughtB.betterC.was taughtD.teach8.-Lots of trees and flowerson both sides of Hua

31、nshan Road last year.-Oh,that's beautiful.A.are plantedB.were plantingC.were plantedD.have planted9.-The 2010 Asian Sports Meetthis November in Guangzhou. -Yes.I wish Chineseplayers will do well.A.will be heldB.have been heldC.was to be heldD.would be held10.The skirt is made of silk.Itso soft,I

32、 like it.A.washesB.is washedC.is feltD.feels三.用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.My brother(like)watching TV very much.2.She(not walk)in the park every day.3.The teacher said the sun(rise)in the east and(set)in the west.4.As soon as she(come),I'll phone you.5.I(go)with you to the cinema this afternoon if I'm fre

33、e.6.you please(help)me with my English?7.They(enjoy)themselves last Sunday.8.-Whatyou(do)this time yesterday?-I(listen)to the English programme9.I(have)supper when Tom came in.10.Shejust(hear)from her friend.11.I(not see)my uncle since I left my hometown.12.Emily said that she(visit)her uncle next Sunday.13.I(teach)Chinese for three years before I came to this school.14.If I(be)you,I would not do such a silly thing.15.The