英語動(dòng)詞不定式的用法

1、英語動(dòng)詞不定式的用法老高川學(xué)校 劉金平英語中的動(dòng)詞不定式在考試中是比較常見的。不定式在句子中可做主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語和賓語補(bǔ)語。以下是動(dòng)詞不定時(shí)的用法解析。1)動(dòng)詞不定式做主語一般表示具體的某次動(dòng)作。【例如】To complete the 30 storied building in one year was quite a difficult task.To do that implies taking responsibility.當(dāng)主語較長，謂語較短時(shí)，常用it做形式主語，而將不定式放到謂語的后面?！纠纭縄t is important for modern young peop

2、le to master at least two foreign languages.It做形式主語，不定式放在謂語動(dòng)詞之后常用于下列結(jié)構(gòu)中：a) It is+形容詞(easy, important, difficult, foolish, inconvenient, unnecessary, right, wrong.)+( for/of sb.)+不定式【例如】It is essential to reserve a table in advance of Christmas Eve.It is hard to put my hopessintoswords.It is not easy

3、 to catch fish with your hands only.It is important for us young people to learn English and master it.b) It is+名詞(a pleasure, a pity, a pleasant thing, ones duty, an honor, a shame, a crime, no easy job.)+不定式It is a sheer waste of time to read that kind of trash.It is a pity to have to go without h

4、er.It is a glorious death to die for the people.c) It takes (sb.) some time (hours, months, days, a lot of time, patience.)+不定式It takes me three hours to learn English each day.It took them half the night to get home in the snow.2)動(dòng)詞不定式作表語不定式作表語常表示將來的動(dòng)作，主語常常是表示意向、打算、計(jì)劃的詞，如wish, idea, task, purpose,

5、duty, job等。【例如】The most important thing for ones health is to have plenty of exercise.My chief purpose has been to point out the difficulties of the matter.The purpose of the organization is to greet all new comers to the city and to provide them with any necessary information.What I wanted was to g

6、et the work done as quickly as possible.3)動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語不定式常在下列動(dòng)詞后面作賓語：afford, agree, apply, arrange, ask, attempt, beg, begin, care, choose, claim, consent, demand, decide, desire, determine, expect, fail, hope, hesitate, hate, intend, learn, like, manage, mean, neglect, offer, plan, prepare pretend, pro

7、mise, refuse, resolve, seek, tend, threaten, want等?！纠纭縄 like to go out for walks in the warm sunshine in spring.My mother hates to move from place to place, for she feels tired.I decide to work hard and get doctors degree.The room is designed to be my study, but now it has to be used as a bedroom f

8、or the children.She failed to finish the assignment in time, and she was worried about it.There is a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means( )trouble. (CET-4 1997, 1)A) makingB) to makeC) to have madeD)shavingsmademean后面一般加不定式，所以A和D可以排除。根據(jù)句意，他看起來非常生氣，他想找麻煩，不定式的動(dòng)作還沒有實(shí)施，應(yīng)用

9、一般式，因此答案為B。不定式作賓語還常用在下面結(jié)構(gòu)中;主語+動(dòng)詞+it+形容詞+不定式?！纠纭縒e found it impossible to get everything ready in time. I think it important to learn English well in college. 使用這種句型的常見動(dòng)詞有：believe, consider, declare, feel, find, guess, imagine, prove, realize, suppose, think,等。4)“whword+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)不定式前加一個(gè)疑問代詞(what, which

10、, who, whom, whose)或疑問副詞(where, when, how, why)，以及連詞whether構(gòu)成特殊的不定式短語，其作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)從句，這樣的不定式短語常在某些動(dòng)詞后面作賓語。常見的可以接這種動(dòng)詞不定式短語的動(dòng)詞有：know, see, decide, tell, ask, consider, discover, explain, findout, forget, guess, hear, imagine, inquire, learn, observe, perceive, remember, think, understand, wonder等?！纠纭縄 cou

11、ldnt decide which book to choose. I can tell youswheresto get this book.They found it hard to decide whether to go swimming next Sunday or to visit Aunt Sally in New Year. “whword+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)除了作賓語外，還可以在句中作主語或者表語?！纠纭縒hen to start the program remains undecided. The question is how to put the plansintospra

12、ctice.5)動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語a)不定式作狀語表示目的。或用于so as和in order之后，來強(qiáng)調(diào)這種目的。【例如】To learn a foreign language well, you must make painstaking efforts.Mother saved every cent she could spare to pay for my schooling.We must develop science and technology at high speed so as to raise scientific and cultural level of our co

13、untry.Insgroupsto get a high mark in Band 4, he did a lot of exercises both in grammar and reading comprehension.b)動(dòng)詞不定式表示結(jié)果，特別是在so.as to, such.as to, only to.以及too.to等結(jié)構(gòu)中的不定式表示結(jié)果?！纠纭縄 rushed to the station as fast as I could, only to find the train already gone.She left her hometown with her belov

14、ed man, never to return.No one is too old to learn.Would you be so kind as to carry the luggage for me?c)動(dòng)詞不定式常用來修飾形容詞，構(gòu)成下列詞組：be able to, be afraid to, be apt to, be bound to, be certain to, be easy to, be eager to, be fit to, be likely to, be ready to, be sure to, be unable to, be unwilling to, be

15、willing to等?！纠纭緾hinese team is bound to win the World Cup.It is likely to rain today, for it is very cloudy.I am willing to help you with your homework, for we are friends.6)動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)語不定式常跟在下列動(dòng)詞之后作賓語補(bǔ)語：ask, advise, allow, beg, cause, compel, command, enable, encourage, expect, feel, force, find, hear, have, inform, invite, let, make, mean, notice, order,