最新最新(主謂一致)語法課件

1、在英語中，句子的主語和謂語動(dòng)詞要保持?jǐn)?shù)上的一致關(guān)系，叫主謂一致主謂一致(Subject-verb Concord/Agreement)。這種關(guān)系通常要遵循三條原則：1.語法形式一致語法形式一致（grammatical concord）2.意義一致意義一致(notional concord）3.鄰近一致鄰近一致(principle of proximity)語法形式一致語法形式一致 句子的主語是單數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式；主語是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 例：Australia is an extremely rich country 澳大利亞是個(gè)非常富裕的國(guó)家。 What are ad

2、vertisements made？ 廣告是怎樣制作的？ 注意：anything，everyone，everybody，nobody，anyone，anybody， someone，somebody等復(fù)合不定代詞作語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。意義一致意義一致 即謂語動(dòng)詞該用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)取決于主語所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容在含義是單數(shù)意義還是復(fù)數(shù)意義 例：the Chinese are industrious中國(guó)人是勤勞的。 the USA is a developed country美國(guó)是個(gè)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家。 另外，像works（工廠），politics（政治），physics（物理）等詞，雖然形式上是以s結(jié)尾，

3、但表示的意義是單數(shù)，故謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。相反，people，police等詞形式上是單數(shù)形式，但表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式 鄰近一致鄰近一致 謂語動(dòng)詞該用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)形式，取決于最鄰近它的名詞、代詞或其它詞的數(shù)。 另外，neithernor，eitheror，not onlybut also連接兩個(gè)名詞或代詞作主語時(shí)，或由there，here引導(dǎo)的句子，并且主語不止一個(gè)時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞通常與鄰近它的那個(gè)主語保持?jǐn)?shù)上一致。 除了上述三個(gè)原則外，還有一些特殊的情況需要注意： 1表示時(shí)間、重量、數(shù)目、價(jià)格、長(zhǎng)度、數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算等的詞或詞組作主語時(shí)，盡管它們是復(fù)數(shù)形式，但如果把這些復(fù)數(shù)形式的詞或詞組

4、看作是一個(gè)整體，謂語動(dòng)詞就用單數(shù)形式。 例：Three weeks is a short time三個(gè)星期是很短的時(shí)間。 2動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞、從句或不可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 It is not easy to master a foreign language要掌握一門外語是不容易的 It is not easy to master a foreign language要掌握一門外語是不容易的。 3由and連接兩個(gè)單詞作主語時(shí)，要看其表示的意意義義來決定謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)還是用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如果表示的是一個(gè)整體的概念或指的是同一事物，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；如果表示的是兩個(gè)不同的對(duì)象時(shí)，

5、謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 The writer and the teacher are coming作家和老師走來了 The poet and teacher is one of my friends那位詩(shī)人兼教師是我的一位朋友。 4集合名詞people（人、人民），police一般看作復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。另外一些集合名詞，如family，enemy，class， population，army等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式還是復(fù)數(shù)形式，要根據(jù)這些詞在句中的實(shí)際含義而定。當(dāng)它們表示的是整體意義時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；當(dāng)它們強(qiáng)調(diào)或著重指?jìng)€(gè)體成員時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 Are there

6、 any police around？附近有警察嗎？ is family isnt large他家的人不多。 5名詞性物主代詞mine，yours，his，hers，its，ours，theirs等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)取決于該動(dòng)詞后面名詞的數(shù)，動(dòng)詞后面的名詞是單數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；動(dòng)詞后面名詞為復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 His is a new bike他的是一輛新自行車。 Ours are old bikes我們的是些舊自行車。 6many a意為“許多”，但因后面跟的是單數(shù)名詞，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式. 許多人都有過這種經(jīng)歷。 Many a person has had th

7、at kind of experience一、并列結(jié)構(gòu)做主語時(shí)的主謂一致A young man and a girl want to go there. The singer and the writer are famous to many young people. 由由and連接的兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞做主語時(shí)，謂動(dòng)連接的兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞做主語時(shí)，謂動(dòng)一般用復(fù)數(shù)。一般用復(fù)數(shù)。但如果意義上指同一個(gè)人、同一件事或但如果意義上指同一個(gè)人、同一件事或同一概念時(shí)，謂動(dòng)要用單數(shù)。同一概念時(shí)，謂動(dòng)要用單數(shù)。The singer and writer famous to everyone.A pen and book

8、 is what I need.A needle(針）and thread(線）was found on the floor.2.當(dāng)eachand each,everyand every,noand no,many aand many a.等結(jié)構(gòu)做，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 No man and no animal is to be found on the moon.在月球上沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)人和動(dòng)物。 Many a doctor and many a nurse is busy with their work. 許多醫(yī)生和護(hù)士都在忙于他們的工作。3. 一個(gè)單數(shù)名詞同時(shí)被兩個(gè)不同的形容一個(gè)單數(shù)名詞同時(shí)被兩

9、個(gè)不同的形容詞修飾，表示兩個(gè)不同的概念時(shí)，謂動(dòng)詞修飾，表示兩個(gè)不同的概念時(shí)，謂動(dòng)應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。Ancient and modern history are the subjects we are studying.但表示同一概念時(shí)，謂動(dòng)應(yīng)用單數(shù)。表示同一概念時(shí)，謂動(dòng)應(yīng)用單數(shù)。The last and most difficult lesson is lesson14.4. 由由not onlybut also, eitheror, neithernor,or等連接的等連接的并列主語，謂動(dòng)通常依據(jù)就近原則。并列主語，謂動(dòng)通常依據(jù)就近原則。Either you or I am mad.Nei

10、ther I or you have passed the exam.5.當(dāng)主語由 as well as, along with, 時(shí)，其謂動(dòng)的單復(fù)數(shù)形式通常由這些together with, rather than, no less than, but, except, in addition to, like, including 等詞連接詞語前的名詞來決定。 An iron and steel works, with some satellite factories, is to be built here. The professor, together with many of hi

11、s students, is entering the meeting hall.二、百分?jǐn)?shù)、分?jǐn)?shù)做主語時(shí)的主謂一致當(dāng)百分?jǐn)?shù)、分?jǐn)?shù)后加名詞或代詞時(shí)，當(dāng)百分?jǐn)?shù)、分?jǐn)?shù)后加名詞或代詞時(shí)，要根據(jù)這個(gè)名詞或代詞來確定其謂動(dòng)要根據(jù)這個(gè)名詞或代詞來確定其謂動(dòng)的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。三、不定代詞做主語時(shí)的主謂一致1.不定代詞不定代詞 each, another, the other, either, neither 和由和由some, any, no, every + one/thing/body 所構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞做主語時(shí)，謂所構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞做主語時(shí)，謂動(dòng)用單數(shù)形式。動(dòng)用單數(shù)形式。 Neither of

12、us has gone through regular training. Nobody wants to go there. Something has been done to end the strike.2. None 做主語時(shí)，謂動(dòng)可用單數(shù)，也可用做主語時(shí)，謂動(dòng)可用單數(shù)，也可用復(fù)數(shù)。但在表不可數(shù)的東西時(shí)?？醋鲉螖?shù)，復(fù)數(shù)。但在表不可數(shù)的東西時(shí)?？醋鲉螖?shù)，因而謂動(dòng)須用單數(shù)。因而謂動(dòng)須用單數(shù)。3. both, (a) few, many. several 等做主語時(shí)，等做主語時(shí)，謂動(dòng)常用復(fù)數(shù)。謂動(dòng)常用復(fù)數(shù)。Both (of) the instruments are not precise

13、ones.4. all 做主語表示人時(shí)，謂動(dòng)用復(fù)數(shù)；若表物，做主語表示人時(shí)，謂動(dòng)用復(fù)數(shù)；若表物，謂動(dòng)則用單數(shù)。謂動(dòng)則用單數(shù)。 All is well that ends well. All are eager to reach an agreement.四、表示“全體”、“部分”等意義的詞做主語時(shí)的主謂一致1. 當(dāng)主語是當(dāng)主語是 most, the rest, the last, the remainder 等時(shí)，謂動(dòng)應(yīng)依據(jù)等時(shí)，謂動(dòng)應(yīng)依據(jù)of后賓語的單復(fù)數(shù)后賓語的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。而定。Three of us will go, the rest are to stay here. After th

14、e big fire, the remainder is nothing.2.當(dāng)town, school, village等分別表示總稱的“鎮(zhèn)民”、“全體師生”、“村民”時(shí)，謂動(dòng)用單復(fù)數(shù)均可。有時(shí)其前可用the或the whole修飾。The whole school were/was sorry when she left.The whole town is/are in agreement about the plan.五、“the+形容詞/過去分詞做主語的主謂一致“the+形容詞/過去分詞”表示一類人或事物時(shí)，謂動(dòng)用復(fù)數(shù)；若指某一抽象概念，則用單數(shù)。The sick here are v

15、ery well cared for. The true is to be told from the false.六、形式為復(fù)數(shù)、意義為單數(shù)的名詞做主語時(shí)的主謂一致1.表示時(shí)間、距離、金額、重量、計(jì)量、空間、體積等意義的名詞做主語，謂動(dòng)常用單數(shù)。2.兩數(shù)相加、相乘，謂動(dòng)單復(fù)數(shù)均可；兩數(shù)相減、相除，謂動(dòng)只用單數(shù)。Thirty-six from forty leaves six.Six times seven are/is forty-two.3.主語是以-ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科時(shí)，謂動(dòng)一般用單數(shù)；以-s結(jié)尾的專有名詞做主語，如：the United States, the New Times, Ar

16、abian Nights等，謂動(dòng)要用單數(shù)。4.群島、山脈、瀑布等專有名詞如: the Alps, the Philippines, Niagara Falls等做主語時(shí)，謂動(dòng)用復(fù)數(shù)。Niagara Falls are a splendid scene.5.名詞如trousers, pants, shorts, glasses, scissors以及clothes, goods等做主語，謂動(dòng)要用單數(shù)；但當(dāng)這類詞前有a/the pair of修飾時(shí)，謂動(dòng)用單數(shù)。七、number, many a.等做主語時(shí)的主謂一致1. the number of做主語時(shí)，謂動(dòng)用單數(shù)；a number of做主語時(shí)

17、，謂動(dòng)用復(fù)數(shù)。The number of mistakes is surprising.A number of books are missing from the library.2. Many a, more than one+單數(shù)名詞構(gòu)成的短語做主語，盡管意義上是復(fù)數(shù)，但謂動(dòng)仍用單數(shù)。 Many a comrade has that of opportunity. more than one person is ready to try his luck this time.八、集體名詞做主語時(shí)的主謂一致1.有生命的詞，如cattle, police等做主語時(shí)，謂動(dòng)常用復(fù)數(shù)。The po

18、lice are investigating the crime.2.無生命的詞，如foliage(葉子），machinery(機(jī)械），merchandise(商品、貨物）等做主語時(shí)，謂動(dòng)用單數(shù)。All the machinery in this factory is made in China.3. audience, class, crew, committee, family, team, group, army, police等做主語時(shí)，如指一整體，謂動(dòng)用單數(shù)；如指全體中的每一個(gè)成員，謂動(dòng)則用復(fù)數(shù)。 The football team is being recognized. The

19、football team are having baths and are coming back here for tea.九、“ one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語從句“結(jié)構(gòu)中的主謂一致1. 在”one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語從句“結(jié)構(gòu)中，定語從句中的謂動(dòng)的單復(fù)數(shù)形式由它所修飾的先行詞來決定。This is one of the rooms that were damaged in the fire.2. 在”the only one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語從句“結(jié)構(gòu)中，定語從句的謂動(dòng)仍用單數(shù)。Mary is the only one of the youngest girls who is s

20、tudying the major of International Law in this university.十、從句、不定式、-ing形式做主語時(shí)的主謂一致1.在以what從句作主語的”主系表“結(jié)構(gòu)中，主句的謂動(dòng)要以表語名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。 What caused the accident is a complete mystery. What his father left him are a few English books.2.動(dòng)詞不定式、-ing形式做主語，謂動(dòng)用單數(shù)。To learn English well is difficult.3.在what從句所引導(dǎo)的”主系表“結(jié)構(gòu)

21、中，若從句中具有兩個(gè)以上的動(dòng)詞，主句中謂動(dòng)應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。What I say and think are none of your business.4.以who, why, how, whether或that引導(dǎo)的從句做主語時(shí)，謂動(dòng)用單數(shù)。Why she did this is not known.由how and why, when and where引導(dǎo)的從句做主語時(shí)，謂動(dòng)仍用單數(shù)。When and where we will have the meeting has not been decided.5. and連接的兩個(gè)名詞性從句做主語，如表示兩件事情，則謂動(dòng)用復(fù)數(shù)。What cause

22、d the accident and who was responsible for it remain a mystery to us.幾個(gè)容易弄錯(cuò)的主謂一致問題1.“many a +名詞名詞”和和“more than one +名詞名詞”作主語作主語此時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)通常用單數(shù)(即遵循語法一致的原則)：Many a child was playing there. 很多小孩在那兒玩。More than one student has failed the exam. 不止一個(gè)學(xué)生考試未及格。2. each 用于復(fù)數(shù)名詞后作同位語用于復(fù)數(shù)名詞后作同位語此時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)：They each h

23、ave an English-Chinese dictionary. 他們每人都有一本英漢詞典。The young people each carry a big bag. 這些年輕人個(gè)個(gè)背著一個(gè)大袋子。3. 主語后接主語后接in addition to, with, along with, together with, except, but等介詞等介詞此時(shí)其后的動(dòng)詞形式取決介詞前主語：Nothing but trees was to be seen. 除了樹木之外什么也看不見。No one except my parents knows anything about this. 除我父母外

24、沒人知道此事。Jim, together with his classmates, has seen the film. 吉姆和他的同學(xué)都看過這部電影。4. means作主語作主語名詞means(方法)單數(shù)與復(fù)數(shù)同形，用作主語時(shí)，其謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)要視具體含義而定(尤其注意其前的修飾語)：These means are very good. 這些方法很好。Such a means is really unpleasant. 這樣的方法確實(shí)是令人不愉快。若沒有特定的修飾語或語境，則用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)謂語均可：There is are no good means. 沒有好的方法。Are Is there a

25、ny other means of doing it? 做這事還有其他的什么辦法嗎?主謂一致精練與解析1.More than one person here _ with the disease. A. has been infected B. have been infected C. has been infecting D. have been infecting由more than one 修飾單數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)又如：More than one man was injured in the accident. More than one house has been r

26、epaired.2. One or perhaps more pages _ missing. A. is B. are C. has been D. have been由or連接兩個(gè)名詞或代詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與靠近它的主語一致。又如：Are you or he to drive ? Was she or you there ?3.An expert, together with some assistants, _ to help in this work. A. was sent B. were sent C. is sending D. are sending由 with，toget

27、her with，along with，rather than，no less than ， but， besides，except等連接兩個(gè)名詞或代詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與前一個(gè)相一致。又如：Nobody but John and Helen was absent. I, rather than you, am responsible for the accident.4.The police _ the black in winter. A. wears B. wear C. put on D. puts on英語中，一些表示總稱意義的名詞，如：police，people，cattle等作

28、主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。又如：Some people spend a lot of money on clothes. Cattle are raised everywhere by the farmers.5.The number of students that you have met _ the life of the team. A. are B. is C. were D. bethe number of復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)。a number of復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。又如：The number of cars is increasing in Beijing

29、. A number of books have been published on this subject.6. To get up early and to go to sleep early _ good for your health. A. is B. are C. was D. were由and連接兩個(gè)名詞，包括兩個(gè)不定式、兩個(gè)動(dòng)名詞作主語，若指同一件事或一個(gè)概念事，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。又如：Whether to go on or return is not known. Time and tide waits for no man.7. More students than o

30、ne _. A. were punished B. is punished C. was punished D. will punishMore 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 than one 和 more than one 單數(shù)名詞的意義相同，均表示“不只一個(gè)”，但前者用作復(fù)數(shù)，后者用作單數(shù)。又如：More students than one were punished. More than one student was punished.8. What they need _ more people. A. is B. are C. has D. have 名詞從句作主語時(shí)，通常表示單數(shù)概念，謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)， 但所指內(nèi)容是復(fù)數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。本句從表語more people 可以得知主語what we need指復(fù)數(shù)內(nèi)容。 又如：What we need is more time. What he needs are books. What he says and what he do