(推薦)高考英語(yǔ)形容詞和副詞講解

1、一、形容詞、副詞的基本用法(一)多個(gè)形容詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)的排列順序如果兩個(gè)及兩個(gè)以上的形容詞修飾一個(gè)名詞時(shí)，與被修飾的名詞關(guān)系較密切的形容詞靠近名詞；如果幾個(gè) 形容詞的密切程度差不多，則音節(jié)少的形容詞在前,音節(jié)多的在后。如：a small wonderful gift。常用的順序?yàn)?限定詞(these, those,)+數(shù)量形容詞(three) +描繪性形容詞(beautiful) +大 小、長(zhǎng)短、高低等形體形容詞(large long, high) +新舊(old) +顏色(red) +國(guó)籍(Chinese) +材料(wood) +用途(writing) +被修飾的名詞(desk)為了方便記憶，不

2、妨試試如下口訣:限定描述大長(zhǎng)高，形狀年齡與新老:顏色國(guó)籍出材料，用途類別往后靠,英語(yǔ)中有些形容詞既可以做前置定語(yǔ)，也可以作后置定語(yǔ)，但意義不同，常見(jiàn)的有：present (現(xiàn)在的/ 在場(chǎng)的)，responsible (可依賴的/應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)的)，concerned (憂心忡忡的/有關(guān)的),proper (適當(dāng)?shù)?正經(jīng)的, 正式的)，involved (復(fù)雜難懂的/相關(guān)的),absent (心不在焉的/缺席的)。如:the responsible man可依賴的人the man responsible 應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)的人the present members 現(xiàn)在的成員the members present

3、在場(chǎng)的成員the absent students心不在焉的學(xué)生the students absent缺席的學(xué)生the concerned teachers憂心忡忡的老師們the teachers concerned （與事情）相關(guān)的老師們（二）表語(yǔ)形容詞表語(yǔ)形容詞（如：afraid, alone, awake> asleep* alive, alike, ashamed> afloat, well, sorry> unable, worth, sure）并非只能做表語(yǔ)，它們還可以作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，有的還可作后置定語(yǔ)（一般不做前置定語(yǔ)）。如：To my surprise, the dr

4、iver is still alive after the traffic accident0令我吃驚的是，交通事故發(fā)生后，司機(jī)還活著。The people, and the people alone> are the motive force in the making of world history。人民，只有人民，才是創(chuàng)造世界歷史的動(dòng)力。（三）形容詞作狀語(yǔ)形容詞作狀語(yǔ)表示伴隨或結(jié)果，并不表示動(dòng)詞的方式。如：He returned home, safe and sounds他安然無(wú)恙的回到了家。The goat rolled over, dead。山羊翻了個(gè)身，死了。He is s

5、tanding there» full of fear他充滿恐懼的站在那。（四）有些副詞置于句首可修飾全句，作評(píng)注性狀語(yǔ)。如：Fortunately he was not drowned and was saved by the PLAO幸運(yùn)的是，他沒(méi)被淹死，被解放軍救了。Happily for her, her stepmother was kind to herc使她高興的是，她的繼母對(duì)她很好。Luckily> he was not hurt in the accidento幸運(yùn)的是，他在事故中沒(méi)有受傷。Obviously, your answer is absolutel

6、y wrongo很顯然，你的答案絕對(duì)錯(cuò)誤。Naturally* you will want to discuss this problem with your parentSo你自然想和你的父母商量一下此事。（五）副詞enough的用法1. enough作副詞用來(lái)修飾形容詞、副詞時(shí)要放在所修飾詞的后面。如：students brave enough to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills。足夠勇敢參加這個(gè)探險(xiǎn)課的學(xué)生肯定會(huì)學(xué)到很多有用的技能°Strangely enough,

7、some famous scientists have the qualities of being both careful and careless。很奇怪，一些著名的科學(xué)家具有粗心和細(xì)心雙重特點(diǎn)。2. cannot與enough連用,表示“再也不為過(guò)如：You cannot be careful enough。你再細(xì)心也不為過(guò)。注意：enough的這種用法還可用cannot （never等否定詞）too”表達(dá)。如：I was riding along the street and all of a sudden, a car cut in and knocked me down。You

8、can never be too careful in the street。我正沿著大街騎車，突然一輛汽車橫插過(guò)來(lái)，把我撞倒了。在大街上，你再小心也不為過(guò)。（六）熟記下列幾句有關(guān)形容詞、副詞的固定搭配1. He' s dead/blind drunk （=very drunk）.他喝的酩酊大醉。2. Het s wide awake.他完全沒(méi)有睡意。3. It' s raining/snowing heavily.雨/雪下的很大。4. He, s sound/fast asleep.他睡得很沉。5. He* s moving/breathing/drinking/smokin

9、g heavily.他吃力的移動(dòng)/喘著粗氣/酒喝得多/煙抽的多。6. The traffic/ He' s moustache is heavy.交通擁擠/他的胡子濃密。7. The population of China is larger than that of Japan.中國(guó)人口比日本多。8. The price of the book is high/low.這本書的價(jià)格很高/低。=The book is expensive/cheap.這本書很貴/便宜。(七)有些副詞還可以作連詞，但作副詞時(shí)，常放在句末，如though, (ever) since, in case等。如：

10、She promised to phoneo I heard nothing, though，=Though she promised to phone I heard nothings她答應(yīng)要打電話來(lái)，可我沒(méi)聽(tīng)到回信兒。二、形容詞、副詞的比較等級(jí)(一)原級(jí)1. 用 asas, notas/ soas, the same as, suchas 弓I 導(dǎo)。如：Henry is a worker as good as Peter (is)0=Henry is as good a worker as Peter (is)。=Henry is such a good worker as Peter (

11、is)。Henry和Peter 一樣都是好工人。Henry dose not have so/as many books as I have。Henry的書不如我的多，It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science。人們普遍認(rèn)為，教學(xué)是一門科學(xué)，同時(shí)也是一門藝術(shù)。2. as +形容詞+ as +數(shù)量詞=數(shù)量詞+形容詞。如：The building is as tall as 100 meterso=The building is 100 meters tall。這棟樓房有100米高。3. 貌

12、似同等程度比較結(jié)構(gòu)的一些固定習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)中有些看似是同等程度的比較結(jié)構(gòu)，實(shí)際上它們是一些固定的習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)。如：as long as只要，有 之久：as far as 至lj 十也點(diǎn)，就 而言；as soon as 就：as well as 又：as good as (=very nearly) 與幾乎一樣，幾乎，簡(jiǎn)直。如：I will work as (so) long as I livec只要活著，我就要工作。He has experience as well as knowledgec他既有知識(shí)又有經(jīng)驗(yàn)。（注意此句的翻譯順序）（二）比較級(jí)1 .比較急修飾語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)的有rather, much,

13、still, even, far, any （用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句,a lot. a little» a great deal, by far» a bit, three times 等。如：The students study even harder than before。學(xué)生們學(xué)習(xí)比以前更努力了。2 . “the +比較級(jí),the +比較級(jí)”表示"越，越2如:The more tickets you sell, the more money you will get。你賣的票越多，掙的錢就越多。The longer you stay, the better （

14、it will be）。你待的時(shí)間越長(zhǎng)越好。3 .“比較級(jí)+ and +比較級(jí)”表示“越來(lái)越3如：The new city is becoming more and more beautiful0這個(gè)新城市變得越來(lái)越美麗了。4 . the +比較級(jí)+ of the two （+名詞），表示“兩個(gè)中的較的一個(gè)"。如：The taller of the two boys is my brother0這兩個(gè)男孩中較高的那個(gè)是我哥哥。5 .用介詞by表示相差的程度。如：She is taller than I by three inches（=She is three inches tall

15、er than I。）她比我高3英寸。I missed the last train by one minuteo我差一分鐘沒(méi)趕上最后一趟火車。6 . 一個(gè)人所具有的兩種性質(zhì)的比較，用morethan結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“與其不如6如：Ann acts quite unfriendly。1 think she' s more shy than unfriendly。（more shy 不可變?yōu)?shyer 或 shier）Ann表現(xiàn)的很不友好。與其說(shuō)她不友好，不如說(shuō)她害羞。7 .比較的對(duì)象不能互相包容，常見(jiàn)的句型是：any other +單數(shù)名詞all (the ) other + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞比較

16、級(jí) + than + < anyone elseany of the other + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞the rest of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞如：The Mississippi River is longer than any other river in the United States.密西西比7可比美國(guó)其他任何一條河都長(zhǎng)。China is larger than ,any other country in Asia 中國(guó)比亞洲任何別的國(guó)家都大 any country in Africa 中國(guó)比非洲任何國(guó)家都大8 .比較的對(duì)象應(yīng)該相同。如:The climate here is wa

17、rmer than that of Shanghaio這里的氣候比上海的好。The radios made in our factory are better than those （made） in your factory。我們工廠生產(chǎn)的收音機(jī)比你們廠的好。9 .注意比較結(jié)構(gòu)中的省略現(xiàn)象在日常交際中，彼此都明白的比較對(duì)象往往省略。如：What do you think of the film?1 have never seen a better one。（后邊省略了 than this film）Tom' s compositiont if not better than, is

18、at least as good as Jack, s。（后邊省略了 composition） 這種省略現(xiàn)象制造了一定的障礙，在高考題中出現(xiàn)頻率較高，應(yīng)引起足夠的重視。10 .貌似比較級(jí)的一些固定習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)（1） In no country other than Britain can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day.只有在英國(guó)，人們才可能在一天中經(jīng)歷四個(gè)季節(jié)。（no-other than只有，正是。它常用來(lái)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣， 多用于書而語(yǔ)，）(2) More than one student was given awa

19、y a ticket to the concert.不止發(fā)給了一個(gè)學(xué)生去聽(tīng)音樂(lè)會(huì)的票。(3) His whole school education added up to no more than (= only) one year.他所受過(guò)的學(xué)校教育加起來(lái)僅僅一年。(4) He prefers to stay at home rather than go to the cinema.他寧愿待在家里，也不愿意去看電影。(5) He is far more pleased at the news.聽(tīng)到那個(gè)消息，他極其高興。(三)最高級(jí)1 .最高級(jí)的修飾語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)的有:序數(shù)詞,by far, near

20、ly, almostt by no means, not really, not quite, noting likea 如：The bridge being built now is by far the largest across the Yellow River。目前在建的那座橋是橫跨黃河之上的橋當(dāng)中最長(zhǎng)的。I' d like to buy the second most expensive camera。我想買僅次于最貴的照相機(jī)。2 .否定詞+比較級(jí)=最高級(jí)。如：There is no greater love than that of a man who lays down

21、 his life for his friendso為朋友而放棄生命的人的愛(ài)是最偉大的愛(ài)。He has never spend a more worrying dayo他度過(guò)了最擔(dān)心的一天。易錯(cuò)知識(shí)總結(jié)(-)表示倍數(shù)的幾個(gè)句型1. times as +形容詞/副詞原級(jí)+ as2. times +形容詞/副詞比較級(jí)+ than3. times + the + 性質(zhì)名詞 + of 4. The + 名詞 + be + times + that/those of 5. The + 名詞 + be + times + what 從句如：At a rough estimate, Nigeria is t

22、hree times the size of Great Britain。= At a roughestimate, Nigeriais three times as big as GreatBritain。= At a roughestimate, Nigeriais twice bigger thanGreatBritain"粗略估算，尼日利亞的面積是大不列顛的三倍。The outputof this year is 3times that of 2007.=The outputof this year is 3times what it was in2007.今年的產(chǎn)量是200

23、7年的3倍:After the new technique was introduced* the factory produced twice as many tractors in 1988 as the year before。自從新技術(shù)被引進(jìn)以后，這家工廠1988年生產(chǎn)的拖拉機(jī)是上一年的2倍。(一)表示不定數(shù)量的常用表達(dá)與名詞的搭配關(guān)系修飾可數(shù)名詞的有(a) few, fewer» (the) fewest severaL (a good) many, a (great/large/small) number of, hundreds of, dozens of, score

24、s of, thousands of 等：修飾不可數(shù)名詞的有 a bit of, (a) little» less, a great deal of, a large amount of, (the) least, much 等。修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞的有 all, a lot of, lots of, enough> plenty of, masses of, a large quantity of, large quantities of, more, most, some, any 等。如：Plenty of foreign firms have set up factor

25、ies here。許多外國(guó)公司已在此設(shè)廠。Quantities of food were spend out on the table0許多食品被攤在了桌子上。(二)具有兩種形式的副詞英語(yǔ)中有的副詞兼有兩種形式：一種是與形容詞同形；另一種是在該形容詞后而加副詞詞綴-ly構(gòu)成。這 兩種形式的副詞在詞義和用法上有一定的差異，有的甚至完全不同。常見(jiàn)的這類副詞有：direct徑直地，directly恰好：free自由地、免費(fèi)地，freely自由自在地、隨便地： flat 平坦地，flatly 直截了 當(dāng)?shù)兀簊hort 突然(=suddenly ), shortly 不久；even 甚至，evenly 平均地；clean 完全地、徑直地，cleanly清潔地、干凈利索地：clear隔開、不接觸，clearly清晰地、明顯地；close近地， closely緊密地、接近地：easy安逸地，easily容易地：dead突然地、完