經(jīng)濟金融術語漢英對照表資料

1、每天前20名注冊可獲免費名師輔導 學英語記詞匯練口語真人一對一教學 搶注網(wǎng)址： 經(jīng)濟金融術語漢英對照表A 安全網(wǎng) safety net 按可比口徑 on comparable basis 按輕重緩急 to prioritize 暗補 implicit subsidy 暗虧 hidden loss B 頒發(fā)營業(yè)執(zhí)照 to license;to grant a licence to 辦理存款業(yè)務 to take deposits 保護農(nóng)民的生產(chǎn)積極性 to protect farmersincentive to produce 備付金（超額準備金） excess reserves 本外幣并賬 co

2、nsolidation of domestic and foreign currencyaccounts 本外幣對沖操作 sterilization operation 本位利益 localized interest;departmentalism 奔小康 to strive to prosper;to strive to become well-to-do 避稅（請見“逃稅”） tax avoidance 幣種搭配不當 currency mismatch 幣種構成 currency composition 變相社會集資 disguised irregular（or illegal） fund

3、 raising 表外科目（業(yè)務） off-balance-sheet items（operation） 薄弱環(huán)節(jié) weaknesses;loopholes 不變成本 fixed cost 不變價 at constant price;in real terms 不動產(chǎn) real estate 不良貸款（資產(chǎn)） problem loans；non-performing loans（assets）C 財務公司 finance companies 財政赤字 fiscal deficit 財政擠銀行 fiscal pressure on the central bank（over monetary p

4、olicy） 財政政策與貨幣政策的配合 coordination of fiscal and monetary policies 采取循序漸進的方法 in a phased and sequenced manner 操作彈性 operational flexibility 操縱匯率 to manipulate exchange rate 產(chǎn)品構成 product composition;product mix 產(chǎn)品積壓 stock pile;excessive inventory 產(chǎn)銷率 current period inventory;（即期庫存，不含前期庫存）sales/output ra

5、tio 產(chǎn)銷銜接 marketability 產(chǎn)業(yè)政策 industrial policy 長期國債 treasury bonds 敞口頭寸 open position 炒股 to speculate in the stock market 承購包銷 underwrite（securities） 成套機電產(chǎn)品 complete sets of equipment;complete plant（s） 城市信用社 urban credit cooperatives（UCCs） 城市合作銀行 urban cooperative banks;municipal united banks 城市商業(yè)銀行

6、municipal commercial banks 城鄉(xiāng)居民收入增長超過物價漲幅 real growth in household income 持續(xù)升溫 persistent overheating 重復布點 duplicate projects 重置成本 replacement cost 重組計劃 restructuring plan 籌資渠道 funding sources;financing channels 初見成效 initial success 出口統(tǒng)一管理、歸口經(jīng)營 canalization of exports 出口退稅 export tax rebate D 打白條 is

7、sue IOU 大額存單 certificate of deposit（CD） 大額提現(xiàn) withdraw deposits in large amounts 大面積滑坡 wide-spread decline 大一統(tǒng)的銀行體制 （all-in-one）mono-bank system 呆賬（請見“壞賬”） bad loans 呆賬準備金 loan loss reserves（provisions） 呆滯貸款 idle loans 貸款沉淀 non-performing loans 貸款分類 loan classification 貸款限額管理 credit control;to impose

8、 credit ceiling 貸款約束機制 credit disciplinary（constraint）mechanism 代理國庫 to act as fiscal agent 代理金融機構貸款 make loans on behalf of other institutions 戴帽貸款 ear-marked loans 倒逼機制 reversed transmission of the pressure for easing monetary condition 道德風險 moral hazard 地區(qū)差別 regional disparity 第一產(chǎn)業(yè) the primary in

9、dustry 第二產(chǎn)業(yè) the secondary industry 第三產(chǎn)業(yè) the service industry;the tertiary industry 遞延資產(chǎn) deferrable assets 訂貨不足 insufficient orders 定期存款 time deposits 定向募集 raising funds from targeted sources 東道國（請見“母國”） host country 獨立核算 independent accounting 短期國債 treasury bills 對沖操作 sterilization operation;hedging

10、 對非金融部門債權 claims on non-financial sector 多種所有制形式 diversified ownership E 惡性通貨膨脹 hyperinflation 二級市場 secondary market F 發(fā)行貨幣 to issue currency 發(fā)行總股本 total stock issue 法定準備金 required reserves;reserve requirement 法人股 institutional shares 法人股東 institutional shareholders 法治 rule of law 房地產(chǎn)投資 real estate

11、investment 放松銀根 to ease monetary policy 非現(xiàn)場稽核 off-site surveillance（or monitoring） 非銀行金融機構 non-bank financial institutions 非贏利性機構 non-profit organizations 分稅制 assignment of central and local taxes;tax assignment system 分業(yè)經(jīng)營 segregation of financial business（services）;division of business scope based

12、 on the type of financial institutions 風險暴露（風險敞口） risk exposure 風險管理 risk management 風險意識 risk awareness 風險資本比例 risk-weighted capital ratios 風險資本標準 risk-based capital standard 服務事業(yè)收入 public service charges;users charges 扶貧 poverty alleviation 負增長 negative growth 復式預算制 double-entry budgeting;capital

13、and current budgetary account G 改革試點 reform experimentation 杠桿率 leverage ratio 杠桿收購 leveraged buyout 高息集資 to raise funds by offering high interest 個人股 non-institutional shares 根本扭轉 fundamental turnaround（or reversal） 公開市場操作 open market operations 公款私存 deposit public funds in personal accounts 公用事業(yè) p

14、ublic utilities 公有經(jīng)濟 the state-owned sector;the public sector 公有制 public ownership 工業(yè)成本利潤率 profit-to-cost ratio 工業(yè)增加值 industrial value added 供大于求 supply exceeding demand;excessive supply 鼓勵措施 incentives 股份合作企業(yè) joint-equity cooperative enterprises 股份制企業(yè) joint-equity enterprises 股份制銀行 joint-equity ban

15、ks 固定資產(chǎn)貸款 fixed asset loans 關稅減免 tariff reduction and exemption 關稅減讓 tariff concessions 關稅優(yōu)惠 tariff incentives;preferential tariff treatment 規(guī)范行為 to regularize（or standardize）behavior 規(guī)模效益 economies of scale 國計民生 national interest and peoples livelihood 國家對個人其他支出 other government outlays to individu

16、als 國家風險 country risk 國際分工 international division of labor 國際收支 balance of payments 國有獨資商業(yè)銀行 wholly state-owned commercial banks H 合理預期 rational expectation 核心資本 core capital 合資企業(yè) joint-venture enterprises 紅利 dividend 宏觀經(jīng)濟運營良好 sound macroeconomic performance 宏觀經(jīng)濟基本狀況 macroeconomic fundamentals 宏觀調(diào)控

17、macroeconomic management（or adjustment） 宏觀調(diào)控目標 macroeconomic objectives（or targets） 壞賬 bad debt 還本付息 debt service 換匯成本 unit export cost;local currency cost of export earnings 匯兌在途 funds in float 匯兌支出 advance payment of remittance by the beneficiarys bank 匯率并軌 unification of exchange rates 活期存款 deman

18、d deposits 匯率失調(diào) exchange rate misalignment 混合所有制 diversified（mixed）ownership 貨幣政策態(tài)勢 monetary policy stance 貨款拖欠 overdue obligations to suppliers J 基本建設投資 investment in infrastructure 基本經(jīng)濟要素 economic fundamentals 基本適度 broadly appropriate 基準利率 benchmark interest rate 機關團體存款 deposits of non-profit inst

19、itutions 機會成本 opportunity cost 激勵機制 incentive mechanism 積壓嚴重 heavy stockpile;excessive inventory 擠提存款 run on banks 擠占挪用 unwarranted diversion of（financial）resources（from designated uses） 技改投資 investment in technological upgrading 技術密集型產(chǎn)品 technology-intensive product 計劃單列市 municipalities with indepen

20、dent planning status 計劃經(jīng)濟 planned economy 集體經(jīng)濟 the collective sector 加大結構調(diào)整力度 to intensify structural adjustment 加工貿(mào)易 processing trade 加快態(tài)勢 accelerating trend 加強稅收征管稽查 to enhance tax administration 加權價 weighted average price 價格放開 price liberalization 價格形成機制 pricing mechanism 減虧 to reduce losses 簡化手續(xù)

21、 to cut red tape;to simplify（streamline）procedures 交投活躍 brisk trading 繳存準備金 to deposit required reserves 結構扭曲 structural distortion 結構失調(diào) structural imbalance 結構性矛盾突出 acute structural imbalance 結構優(yōu)化 structural improvement（optimization） Q 企業(yè)辦社會 enterprises burdened with social responsibilities 企業(yè)集團戰(zhàn)略

22、corporate group strategy 企業(yè)兼并重組 company merger and restructuring 企業(yè)領導班子 enterprise management 企業(yè)所得稅 enterprise（corporate）income tax 企業(yè)效益 corporate profitability 企業(yè)資金違規(guī)流入股市 irregular flow of enterprise funds into the stock market 欠稅 tax arrears 欠息 overdue interest 強化稅收征管 to strengthen tax administrat

23、ion 強制措施 enforcement action 翹尾因素 carryover effect 切一刀 partial application 清理收回貸款 clean up and recover loans （破產(chǎn)）清算 liquidation 傾斜政策 preferential policy 區(qū)別對待 differential treatment 趨勢加強 intensifying trend 全球化 globalization 權益回報率 returns on equity（ROE） 缺乏后勁 unsustainable momentum R 繞規(guī)模貸款 to circumvent

24、 credit ceiling 人均國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值 per capita GDP 人均收入 per capita income 人民幣升值壓力 upward pressure on the Renminbi（exchange rate） 認繳資本 subscribed capital 軟貸款 soft loans 軟預算約束 soft budget constraint 軟著陸 soft landing M 買方市場 buyers market 賣方市場 sellers market 賣出回購證券 matched sale of repo 貿(mào)易差額 trade balance 民間信用 non-

25、institutionalized credit 免二減三 exemption of income tax for the first two years ofmaking profit and 50% tax reduction for thefollowing three years 明補 explicit subsidy 明虧 explicit loss 名牌產(chǎn)品 brand products 母國（請見“東道國”） home country N 內(nèi)部控制 internal control 內(nèi)部審計 internal audit 內(nèi)地與香港 the mainland and Hong K

26、ong 內(nèi)債 domestic debt 扭虧為盈 to turn a loss-making enterprise into a profitable one 扭曲金融分配 distorted allocation of financial resources 農(nóng)副產(chǎn)品采購支出 outlays for agricultural procurement 農(nóng)村信用社 rural credit cooperatives（RCCs） P 泡沫效應 bubble effect 泡沫經(jīng)濟 bubble economy 培育新的經(jīng)濟增長點 to tap new sources of economic gr

27、owth 片面追求發(fā)展速度 excessive pursuit of growth 平衡發(fā)展 balanced development 瓶頸制約 bottleneck（constraints） 平穩(wěn)回升 steady recovery 鋪底流動資金 initial（start-up）working capital 普遍回升 broad-based recovery 配套改革 concomitant（supporting）reforms 配套人民幣資金 local currency funding of W 外部審計 external audit 外國直接投資 foreign

28、direct investment （FDI） 外匯儲備 foreign exchange reserves 外匯調(diào)劑 foreign exchange swap 外匯占款 the RMB counterpart of foreign exchange reserves;the RMB equivalent of offcial foreign exchange holdings 外向型經(jīng)濟 export-oriented economy 外債 external debt 外資企業(yè) foreign-funded enterprises 完善現(xiàn)代企業(yè)制度 to improve the moder

29、n enterprise system 完稅憑證 tax payment documentation 違法經(jīng)營 illegal business 委托存款 entrusted deposits 穩(wěn)步增長 steady growth 穩(wěn)健的銀行系統(tǒng) a sound banking system 穩(wěn)中求進 to make progress while ensuring stability 無紙交易 book-entry（or paperless/scriptless）transaction 物價監(jiān)測 price monitoring X 吸納流動性 to absorb liquidity 稀缺經(jīng)濟

30、 scarcity economy 洗錢 money laundering 系統(tǒng)內(nèi)調(diào)度 fund allocation within a bank 系統(tǒng)性金融危機 systemic financial crisis 下崗工人 laid-off employees 下游企業(yè) down-stream enterprises 現(xiàn)場稽核 on-site examination 現(xiàn)金滯留（居民手中） cash held outside the banking system 鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè) township and village enterprises（TVEs） 消費物價指數(shù) consumer price

31、index（CPI） 消費稅 excise（consumption）tax 消滅財政赤字S 三角債 chain debts;inter-enterprise arrears 善政廉政 good governance 商業(yè)貸款 commercial loans 上市公司 （publicly）listed corporations 設備利用 capacity utilization 社會保障 social safety net;social security（insurance） 深層次矛盾 deep-rooted structural imbalance 審批金融機構 to license fi

32、nancial institutions 審慎監(jiān)管 prudential supervision 生產(chǎn)能力閑置 unutilized capacity 生息資產(chǎn) interest-bearing assets 實際利用外資 disbursement of foreign capital;actual inflow of foreign investment 實際有效匯率 real effective exchange rate 實時 real time 實收資本 paid-in capital 實現(xiàn)利潤 realized profit 市場分割 market segmentation 市場經(jīng)濟

33、 market economy 市場占有率（市場份額） market share 市場準入 market access（指商品和勞務的進入）；market entry（指機構的審批） 市價總值 market capitalization 適度從緊 appropriately tight 適時調(diào)節(jié) timely adjustment 收回對金融機構貸款 to recall central bank loans （to financial institutions） 稅后還貸 amortization（repayment of loans）after tax 稅收流失 tax erosion 稅源不足 weak tax base 私營經(jīng)濟（私人經(jīng)濟） the private sector 私有制 private ownership 所有者權益 owners