高中英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)講解與練習(xí)

1、實(shí)用文檔 文案大全 高中英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)講解 一、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式 1. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本時(shí)態(tài)變化 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)通常為十種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)形式, 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由be過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成，be隨時(shí)態(tài)的變化而變 化。以do為例，各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式為： 1) am/is/are +done (過(guò)去分詞) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 2） has /have been done 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready

2、 to start. 3） am/is /are being done 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 例A new cinema is being built here 4） was/were done 一般過(guò)去時(shí) 例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer. 5） had been done 過(guò)去完成時(shí) 例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing. 6） was/were being done 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)

3、 例A meeting was being held when I was there. 7） shall/will be done/ be going to be done/ be about to be done/ be to be to done一般將來(lái)時(shí) 例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes. 8） should/would be done/ waswere going to be done/ waswere about to be done/waswere to be to done一般將來(lái)時(shí) 例The news w

4、ould be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived. 9） shall/will have been done 將來(lái)完成時(shí)（少用） 例The project will have been completed before July. 10） should/would have been done 過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)（少用） 例He told me that his new clothes would have been made very soon. 2. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)形式 1)帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。其形式為：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

5、be過(guò)去分詞。 例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter. 2) 有些動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，在用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，可以把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)， 另一賓語(yǔ)仍然保留在謂語(yǔ)后面。通常變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)的是間接賓語(yǔ)。 例His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改為 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday. 3) 當(dāng)“動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，將賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)，其余不動(dòng)。 例Someon

6、e caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改為T(mén)he boy was caught smoking a cigarette. 4）在使役動(dòng)詞have, make, get以及感官動(dòng)詞see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí)，在主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式to要省略，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，要加to。 例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改為A stranger was seen to walk into the building. 實(shí)用文檔 文案大全 5

7、) 有些相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞詞組，如“動(dòng)詞介詞”，“動(dòng)詞副詞”等，也可以用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，但要把它們看作一個(gè)整體，不能分開(kāi)。其中的介詞或副詞也不能省略。 例The meeting is to be put off till Friday. 3. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(一般時(shí)態(tài)和完成時(shí)態(tài)) 。 例I don't like being laughed at in the public. 二、 It is said that+從句及其他類(lèi)似句型 一些表示“據(jù)說(shuō)”或“相信”的動(dòng)詞如believe, consider, expect, repor

8、t, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“Itbe過(guò)去分詞that從句”或“主語(yǔ)be過(guò)去分詞to do sth.”。有： It is said that 據(jù)說(shuō),It is reported that據(jù)報(bào)道，It is believed that大家相信，It is hoped that大家希望，It is well known that眾所周知，It is thought that大家認(rèn)為，It is suggested that據(jù)建議。 例It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. （The boy is sa

9、id to have passed the national exam. ） 三、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義 1.英語(yǔ)中有很多動(dòng)詞如 break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，當(dāng)它們被用作不及物動(dòng)詞來(lái)描述主語(yǔ)特征時(shí)，常用其主動(dòng)形式 表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義,主語(yǔ)通常是物。 例 This kind of cloth washes well. 注意：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表被動(dòng)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是主語(yǔ)的特征，而被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)則強(qiáng)調(diào)外界作用造成的影響。 試比較：The door won't lock （指門(mén)本身有毛病） The door won't be

10、 locked （指不會(huì)有人來(lái)鎖門(mén), 指“門(mén)沒(méi)有鎖”是人的原因） 2. 表示“發(fā)生、進(jìn)行”的不及物動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ)，如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。 例 How do the newspapers come out? 這些報(bào)紙是如何引出來(lái)的呢？ 3. 系動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的連系動(dòng)詞feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表結(jié)構(gòu)中常以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。 例Yo

11、ur reason sounds reasonable. 四、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義 在某些句型中可用動(dòng)名詞和不定式的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義 。 1 在need，want，require, bear等詞的后面，動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，其含義相當(dāng)于動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。The house needs repairing（to be repaired）這房子需要修理。 2 形容詞worth后面跟動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義，但不能跟動(dòng)詞不定式；而worthy后面跟動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。 例The picture-book is well worth reading（The picture

12、-book is very worthy to be read） 3. 動(dòng)詞不定式在名詞后面作定語(yǔ)，不定式和名詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，又和句中另一名詞或代詞構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系, 不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。 例 I have a lot of things to do this afternoon (to do與things是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，與I是主實(shí)用文檔 文案大全 謂關(guān)系。) 試比較：I'll go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? ( 此處用不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)作定語(yǔ)表明you不是post動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。) 4. 在某些“形

13、容詞不定式”做表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)中，句子的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)又是動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，這時(shí)常用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義。這些形容詞有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。 例This problem is difficult to work out .（可看作to work out省略了for me）. 5 在too to結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式前面可加邏輯主語(yǔ)，所以應(yīng)用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。 例This book is too expensive (for me) to buy. 6. 在the

14、re be句型中，當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式修飾名詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式用主動(dòng)式作定語(yǔ)，重點(diǎn)在人，用被動(dòng)形式作定語(yǔ)，重點(diǎn)在物。 例There is no time to lose（to be lost）（用 to lose可看成for us to lose；用to be lost，誰(shuí) lost time不明確。） 7. 在be to do結(jié)構(gòu)中的一些不定式通常應(yīng)用主動(dòng)表主動(dòng), 被動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。然而,由于古英語(yǔ)的影響,下列動(dòng)詞rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。 例 Who is to blame for starting the fire? 五、介詞in, on, under等+名詞構(gòu)成

15、介詞短語(yǔ)表被動(dòng)意義 表示方位的介詞與含動(dòng)作意義的名詞合用，含被動(dòng)之義，其意義相當(dāng)于該名詞相應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)形式，名詞前一般不用冠詞。 1. “under +名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“某事在進(jìn)行中”。常見(jiàn)的有：under control（受控制）, under treatment（在治療中）, under repair（在修理中）, under discussion（在討論中）, under construction（在施工中）。 例The building is under construction( is being constructed). 2“beyond+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，“出乎勝過(guò)、范圍、限度”。常

16、見(jiàn)的有：beyond belief (令人難以置信)， beyond one's reach（鞭長(zhǎng)莫及），beyond one's control（無(wú)法控制），beyond our hope 我們的成功始料不及。 例The rumour is beyond belief（=can't be believed） 3.“above+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu), 表示“(品質(zhì)、行為、能力等) 超過(guò)、高于”。 例His honest character is above all praise=His honest character cannot be praised enough 4“for

17、+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示 “適于、 為著”。如：for sale(出售), for rent（出租）等。 例That house is for sale. (= That house is to be sold). 5“in+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu) ，表示“在過(guò)程中或范圍內(nèi)”常見(jiàn)的有：in print（在印刷中），in sight(在視野范圍內(nèi))，等。 例The book is not yet in print(=is not yet printed) 6“on+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu), 表示“在從事 中”。常見(jiàn)的有：on sale(出售)，on show（展出）, on trial（受審）。 例Today some tr

18、easures are on show in the museum (= are being showed). 7“out of+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu) ； 表示 “超出 之外“，常見(jiàn)的有：out of control (控制不了)，out of sight （超出視線之外），out of one's reach(夠不著), out of fashion(不流行)等。 實(shí)用文檔 文案大全 例 The plane was out of control (can't be controlled) 。 8“within+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，“在內(nèi)、不超過(guò)”。 例He took two days off

19、within the teacher's permission 六、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別 當(dāng)“be+過(guò)去分詞”作被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)表示主語(yǔ)承受的動(dòng)作；作系表結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)表示主語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)或所處的狀態(tài)時(shí)，be后面的過(guò)去分詞是表語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于形容詞。其區(qū)分辦法如下： 1如果強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作或句中有介詞by引導(dǎo)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，該句一般為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，否則為系表結(jié)構(gòu)。 例The glass is broken （系表結(jié)構(gòu)） The glass was broken by the boy （被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)） 2如果句中有地點(diǎn)、頻率或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 例The door is locked （系表結(jié)構(gòu)） The door

20、 hasalready/just been locked（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)） 3被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)除用于一般時(shí)態(tài)和完成時(shí)態(tài)外，還可以用于其他各種時(shí)態(tài)，而系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的系動(dòng)詞be只有一般時(shí)態(tài)和完成時(shí)態(tài)。 例 The machine is being repaired 七、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與高考試題賞析 1 高考對(duì)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)的考查例析 1). In some parts of the world, tea _ with milk and sugar. (NMET1993) A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served 解析 B 因?yàn)閟erve是及物動(dòng)詞，其動(dòng)作承受者tea作主

21、語(yǔ)，表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的情況，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 2). This is Ted's phone. We miss him a lot. He _ trying to save a child in the earthquake.(NMET2002) A. killed B. is killed C. was killed D. was killing 解析 C Ted是kill的承受者，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，且Ted救人發(fā)生在過(guò)去，所以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 3). - Have you moved into the new house? - Not yet, the rooms _. (

22、NMET1991) A. are being painted B. are painting C. are painted D. are being painting 解析 A “house”和“paint”應(yīng)該是被動(dòng)的關(guān)系，排除B，D。后者未搬進(jìn)新居的原因是房子正在油漆，所以要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。不能用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，排除C。 4). When and where to go for the on-salary holiday _ yet. （上海春2003） A. are not decided B. have not been decided C. is not being

23、 decided D. has not been decided 解析 D decide是及物動(dòng)詞，動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者通常是人，句中的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，所以decide要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。從題干的語(yǔ)境和關(guān)鍵詞yet，可判斷用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，不定式做主語(yǔ)用單數(shù)，故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 5). The manager entered the office and was happy to learn that four-fifths of the tickets _.（上海春2001） A. was booked B. had been booked C. were booked D. have been

24、booked 實(shí)用文檔 文案大全 解析 B 句中tickets是book(訂票)的承受者，主謂為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，又因票已被訂出應(yīng)發(fā)生在entered the office這個(gè)過(guò)去動(dòng)作之前，所以要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 2高考對(duì)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)的考查 當(dāng)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí), 須用被動(dòng)式。弄清非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間的執(zhí)行與承受關(guān)系是掌握非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)的關(guān)鍵。 1). Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it. (NMET

25、2002) A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen 解析 B 根據(jù)題意，那對(duì)老夫婦是否到國(guó)外旅行是將來(lái)的動(dòng)作，應(yīng)使用不定式，故排除掉C、D兩項(xiàng)；又因remains的邏輯主語(yǔ)it是動(dòng)詞see說(shuō)表示動(dòng)作的承受者，即“到國(guó)外旅行”這件事，這件事有待于“被決定”，應(yīng)使用動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。 2). While shopping, people sometimes can't help _ into buying something they don't really need. （上海1996） A. to persuaded B. per

26、suading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded 解析 C can't help doing “禁不住做某事”，排除A和D；顧客應(yīng)是“被勸說(shuō)”購(gòu)物的，要用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 3）. I feel it is your husband who _ for the spoiled child. （上海2002） A. is to blame B. is going to blame C. is to be blamed D. should blame 解析 A feel的賓語(yǔ)從句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，在be to do結(jié)構(gòu)中，在某些場(chǎng)合可用不定式的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示被動(dòng)

27、語(yǔ)態(tài)，如to blame， to let等。 【強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練】 1. If city noises _ from increasing，people _ shout to be heard even at dinner A are not kept；will have to B are not kept；have C do not keep；will have to D do not keep；have to 2. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, are _and perfected now. A. dev

28、eloped B. have developed C. are being developed D. will have been developed 3. - _ the sports meet might be put off - Yes，it all depends on the weather A I've been told B I've told C I'm told D I told 4. I need one more stamp before my collection _. A. has completed B. completes C. has b

29、een completed D. is completed 5. Rainforests _ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future. 實(shí)用文檔 文案大全 A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been cut 6. The new suspension bridge _ by the end of last month. A. has been designed B. had been designed C. was

30、 designed D. would be designed 7. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. A. breaks B. has broken C. was broken D. had been broken 8. Great changes _ in the city, and a lot of factories _. A. have been taken place; have been set up B. have taken place; have been set up C. h

31、ave taken place; have set up D. were taken place; were set up 9. That suit _ over 60 dollars. A. had costed B. costed C. is costed D. cost 10. - Look! Everything here is under construction. - What's the pretty small house that _ for? A. is being built B. has been built C. is built D. is building

32、 11.- Do you like the material? - Yes, it _ very soft. A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt 12. It is difficult for a foreigner _ Chinese A write B to write C to be written D written 13. I have no more letters _ ，thank you A to type B typing C to be typed D typed 14. Take care! Don't drop t

33、he ink on your shirt, for it _ easily. A. won't wash out B. won't be washed out C. isn't washed out D. isn't washing out 15. Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to _. A. be put up B. give in C. be turned on D. go out 16. The computers on the table

34、 _ Professor Smith. A. belongs B. are belonged to C. belongs to D. belong to 17. - What do you think of the book? -Oh, excellent. It's worth _ a second time. A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read 18. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _. A. catching B. to be caught 實(shí)用文檔 文案大全

35、C. being caught D. to catch 19. This page needed _ again. A. being checked B. checked C. to check D. to be checked 20. _ many times, the boy still didn't know how to do the exercises A. Having taught B. Having been taught C. taught D. Teaching key 1-5 ACADC 6-10 BCBDA 11-15 CBCAD 16-20 DCCDB 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)

36、態(tài)基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)選擇題 1.Our house_, A . is getting paint B . is getting painted C . is got painted D . has got to paint 2.He arrived in Beijing,where he_his friend . A . was met by B . was met C . was meeting D . met by 3.The war_in 1937 A . was broken out B . had been broken out C . has broken out D . broke out

37、 4.The mistakes in the exercises will_the teacher. A . cross B . be crossing C . be crossed by D . cross by 5.My brother and I have _her birthday party. A . been invited B . been invited for C . invited to D . been invited to 6.It_this way A . is had to do B . is had to be done C . had to be done D

38、. has to do 7.It_this way. A used to do B . used to be done C . is used to do D . is used to doing 8._Chaplin. A . The child's name was called B . The child's name calls C . The child calls D . The child is named 9.The sports meeting_ . A . is put off B . is to put off C . is to be put off D

39、 . puts off 10.Mary realized she_ A . was making fun of B . was made fun C . was being made fun of D . was being made fun 11._to say a thing in that way A . It is considers wrong B . It is considered wrong C . It is considered it's wrong D . It is consiedring wrong 12.He ordered that the books_a

40、t once. A . would be printed B . would print C . be printed D . print 13.The story_in ChinA . A . was taken place B . was happened C . took place D . has been taken place 14.The house_my parents A . is belong to B . belong to C . belongs to D . is belonged to 15.He_by his teacher. A . happened to se

41、e B . was happened to see C . happened to be seen D . was 實(shí)用文檔 文案大全 happened to be seen 16.Great changes_in our province.Many tall buildings. A . have been taken place, have been set up B . have taken place, have been set up C . have been taken place, have been set up D . were taken place, were set

42、up 17.The hall's_but it's not yet_with lamps. A . furnished, finished B . been finished, been furnished C . being finished, being furnished D . set up, full 18.The new hall is the tallest building in this town._from here? A . Can it see B . Can it be seen C . Can it seen D . Can see 19.As so

43、on as we got to the airport,we found that the plane_. A . had already taken off B . already took off C . was already taking off D . was already taken off 20. Some of the hotels in my hometown_. A . have now been rebuilding B . are now rebuilding C . are now being rebuilt D . are rebuilt now 21. If c

44、ity noises _ from increasing，people _ shout to be heard even at dinner A . are not kept；will have to B . are not kept；have C . do not keep；will have to D . do not keep；have to 22. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, are _and perfected now. A . developed B . have developed C

45、 . are being developed D . will have been developed 23. - _ the sports meet might be put off - Yes，it all depends on the weather A . I've been told B . I've told C . I'm told D . I told 24. I need one more stamp before my collection _. A . has completed B . completes C . has been complet

46、ed D . is completed 25. Rainforests _ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future. A . cut B . are cut C . are being cut D . had been cut 26. The new suspension bridge _ by the end of last month. A . has been designed B . had been designed C . was designed D

47、 . would be designed 27.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. A . breaks B . has broken C . was broken D . had been broken 28. Great changes _ in the city, and a lot of factories _. A . have been taken place; have been set up B . have taken place; have been set up C . have taken place; have set up D . were taken place; were set up 29. That suit _ over 60 doll