完整不定代詞的用法講解及練習題8頁

1、不定代詞的用法1. some，any(1) some多用于肯定句，修飾復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，作“一些”解。它還可修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，作“某一”解。如：H-5 avian influenza first broke out in some Asian countries.H-5型禽流感首先在亞洲爆發(fā)。Some people are early risers. 有些人起得很早。(2) any通常用于否定句、疑問句或條件句，修飾單數(shù)或復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞以及不可數(shù)名詞。If there are any new magazines in the library, take some for me.圖書館如果

2、來了新雜志，替我借幾本。Are there any stamps in the drawer? 抽屜里有郵票嗎？Is there any money with you? 你身上帶錢了嗎？(3) any還可以用于肯定句，作“任何的”解。You can come here any time. 你什么時候來都行。You can get it at any shop. 你可以在任何一家商店買到它。2. either，both，all(1) either表示“兩者中的任何一個”。Either of the brothers is selfish. 兩兄弟都非常自私。Either will do. 兩個都

3、行。(2) both“兩個都”，修飾可數(shù)名詞，統(tǒng)指兩者。Tom and Jack both made some progress. 湯姆和杰克兩個都有所進步。Both of them should make concessions. 他們雙方都應做出讓步。(3) all“全部，所有的”，修飾可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，指兩個以上的人或物。All the students contributed to the fund.所有的學生都為基金會捐了款。All of the money has been spent. 錢都花完了。We are all for you. 我們都支持你。Say all you

4、know and say it without reserve. 知無不言，言無不盡。3. no，neither，none(1) no“不”，可修飾單數(shù)和復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞以及不可數(shù)名詞。Time and tide wait for no man. 時不我待。There are no clouds in the sky. 天上沒有云。I have no money for such things. 我沒錢買這些東西。(2) neither“兩者中哪個都不”，其所指范圍是兩個人或物。Neither answer is correct. 兩個答案都不對。Neither of the two countr

5、ies is satisfied with the result of the talk.兩個國家都不滿意會談的結(jié)果。(3) none“沒有一個人或東西”，它既可指可數(shù)名詞（其所指范圍是兩個以上的人或物），又可指不可數(shù)名詞。All of the trees were cut down, and none was were. left.所有的樹都被砍了，一棵也不剩。None of the students failed the examination. 沒有一個學生考試不及格。None of this money is his. 這筆錢沒有一點兒是他的。4. few, a few，little,

6、 a little(1) few的意思是“沒有幾個”； a few的意思是“少數(shù)”， “幾個”； 修飾可數(shù)名詞； a few表示肯定意義， few表示否定意義。The problem is so difficult that few people can solve it.這個問題太難了，幾乎沒人能做出來。Only a few people can solve this problem. 只有幾個人能解決這個問題。Few of them want to go. 他們中幾乎沒有人想去。A few of them want to go. 他們中有幾個人想去。(2) little“沒有多少”，a l

7、ittle“少量”，修飾不可數(shù)名詞；a little表示肯定意義，little表示否定意義。如：There is little rainfall this spring. 今年春季雨水很少。Although it did not rain for the whole month, there is a little water in the pond.雖然整整一個月沒下雨了，但池塘里還有一點水。5. many， much， most(1) many用于修飾可數(shù)名詞。Many of the problems have been solved. 大部分問題已經(jīng)解決了。Many think that

8、 the situation will change soon. 很多人認為局勢會很快改變。(2) much用于修飾不可數(shù)名詞。Much of the money has been spent. 這筆錢的大部分已經(jīng)被花掉了。They have finished much of the work. 他們已經(jīng)完成了大部分的工作。6. another，other，the other，others，the others(1) another指同類中多個東西中的“另一個” （即one more）。This watch doesn't work, I must get another one. 這

9、塊表壞了，我該另買一塊了。He went back to work too soon，and was laid up for another three months.他回去上班過早，結(jié)果又病倒三個月。但要注意： other與物主限定詞連用也可指余下的另一個或全部。如：Use your other hand. 用你的另一只手。Mary is older than me but my other sisters are younger.瑪麗比我大，其余的都是我妹妹。(2) other單獨使用時指其他的、另外的人或物。There must be some other reason for him

10、refusing to help. 他不予幫助一定另有原因。I saw Tom with some other fellow students. 我看見湯姆和其他一些同學在一起。(3) the otherone/ones.指同類中余下的另一個或另一些。I'll have to use our duplicate key. I lost the other one.我不得不用我們的備用鑰匙了，我把那一把丟了。Where are the other students? 其他學生去哪兒了？One of the murderers was caught, but the other is st

11、ill at large.一個兇手被抓住了，另一個卻依然逍遙法外。(4) others是other的復數(shù)形式，指其他的、另外的人或物。We should not think only of our children, there are others to be cared for also.我們不應該只想到自己的孩子，還有別的孩子也需要照顧。Others may object to this plan. 別人可能會反對這個計劃。(5) the others表示同類中余下的全部。The search party was divided into two groups. Some went to

12、 the right, the others went to the left. 搜尋小組一分為二，一部分人向右，另一部分向左。Jenny is cleverer than any of. the others in her class.珍妮比班上的其他（任何）人都聰明。7. 復合不定代詞someone somebody, something, anyoneanybody, anything, no onenobody, nothing, everyone everybody, everything(1) someone, somebody某人和 something某物Someone is a

13、sking to see you. 有人要見你。Someone suggests putting off the meeting. 有人建議推遲會議。There's something wrong with the machine. 機器出了毛病。Something strange happened last night. 昨晚發(fā)生了件奇怪的事。(2) anyone, anybody任何人和 anything任何事情Anybody can do this work. It's very simple. 這事太簡單了，人人都能做。Did you meet anyone on yo

14、ur way home? 你回家的路上碰到什么人了嗎？He faltered："Is anything wrong？" 他支支唔唔地說：“有什么錯嗎？”He did not say anything after that. 這以后他再也沒說什么。(3) no one, nobody沒有人.和 nothing（沒有東西）。I'm not somebody. I'm nobody. 我不是重要人物，我是個無名小卒。No one wants to do that. 沒人愿做那種事。Nobody is absent. 沒有人缺席。That's nothing

15、. 那沒有什么。He said he knew nothing about it. 他說他對那事一無所知。(4) everyone, everybody（每個人）和 everything（每樣東西，一切事物）。She said good-bye to everyone. 她和每個人告別。Everybody's business is nobody's business. 事關大家無人管。Everything is ready for the experiment. 實驗的一切都準備好了。This news means everything to us. 這個消息對我們至關重要。

16、復合不定代詞用法大盤點復合不定代詞是由some-，any-，no-，every-加上-one，-body，-thing等所組成的不定代詞。復合不定代詞包括 something, somebody, someone, anything, anybody, anyone, nothing, nobody, no one, everything, everybody, everyone 等十二個。這些復合代詞具有名詞性質(zhì)，在句中可用作主語、賓語或表語，但不能用作定語。使用時注意以下幾點：一、復合不定代詞的指代對象1、含-body和-one的復合代詞只用來指人，含-body的復合不定代詞與含-one的

17、復合不定代詞在功能和意義上完全相同，可以互換。只是用-body時顯得較通俗些，多用于口語中，用-one時顯得較文雅些，更常見于正式場合及書面語中。如：Someone/Somebody is crying in the next room.有人在隔壁房間哭。No one/Nobody is stupid. 沒有誰是愚蠢的。2、含-thing的復合不定代詞只用來指事物。如：Are you going to buy anything?你會去買東西嗎？I can hear nothing but your vioce. 我只聽到了你的聲音。二、復合不定代詞的屬格1、含-one和-body等指人的復合代

18、詞可有-s屬格形式。如：Everybodys business is nobodys business.大家的事情沒人管。Is this anybodys seat? 這兒有人坐嗎？2、含-one和-body等指人的復合代詞后跟else時，-s屬格應加在else之后。如：Can you remember someone elses name? 你還記得其他人的姓名嗎？3、含-thing等指事物的復合不定代詞沒有-s屬格形式。三、復合不定代詞的數(shù)1、復合不定代詞都具有單數(shù)的含義，因此通常被看成是單數(shù)第三人稱。當它們充當句子的主語時，其后的謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如：Is everyone here

19、today? 今天，大家都到齊了嗎？Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it. 世上無難事，只怕有心人。2、當要對一群人講話時，可使用以復合不定代詞作主語的祈使句，句中的動詞用原形。如：Nobody move！= Don anybody move！ 都別動！Everyone lie down! 統(tǒng)統(tǒng)趴下！四、復合不定代詞的替代問題由于復合不定代詞都具有單數(shù)的含義，所以在正規(guī)的英語中用來替代它們的代詞也應該是單數(shù)形式。1、含-one和-body等指人的復合代詞，其代詞應該是he/she, him/her,其-s屬格形式的代詞應該是his

20、/her, his/hers。如：Everyone has his/her own words. 每個人都有他（她）自己的說辭。但是，這樣一來就會因為性別的差異而使得在代詞的運用上具有不確定性，所以為了避免這種別扭的情況，我們一般都是用they/them/their/theirs,尤其是在口語中以及非正式場合下。如：No one gave you a ticket, did they? 沒人給你票，是嗎？Someone came in, but I didnt know who they were. 有人進來了，但我不知道是誰。2、含-thing等指事物的復合不定代詞，不會因性別上的差異而使得

21、在代詞的運用上產(chǎn)生不確定性，因此我們就使用it。如：Something goes wrong, doesnt it?出問題了，是嗎？五、復合不定代詞的定語復合不定代詞的定語必須后置，即放在復合不定代詞的后面。如：Can you tell something interesting? 你能講些有趣的事情嗎？Is there anybody important here? 這兒有大人物嗎？Would you like something to eat? 要來些吃的東西嗎？六、含some-和any-的復合不定代詞間的用法區(qū)別由some-和any-所構成的復合不定代詞（即something和anyth

22、ing；someone和anyone；somebody和anybody）之間的區(qū)別跟some和any的區(qū)別一樣。1、something，someone，somebody通常用于肯定句中，而anything，anyone，anybody一般用于否定句，疑問句或條件狀語從句中。如： He found something strange but interesting.他發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些奇怪但卻有趣的事情。Do you have anything to say ？你有話要說嗎？I cant meet anybody  

23、;on the island. 在島上，我沒遇見任何人。2、在表示請求、邀請、提建議等帶有委婉語氣的疑問句，和希望得到對方肯定答復的疑問句，以及表示反問的問句中，也用something，someone，somebody等復合不定代詞。如:Would you like something to eat？要些吃的東西嗎？Isnt there something wrong with you? 難道你沒問題嗎？3、當anything表示“任何事（物），無論何事（物）”，anyone，anybody表示“無論誰，任何人”等意義時，它

24、們也可以用于肯定句中。如：Anything is OK. 什么都行。Anybody knows the answer.任何人都知道答案。七、復合不定代詞的否定1、“not every-”表示的是部分否定，意為“并非都，不都”。例如：Not everything will go well. 并非一切都會那么順利。The teacher didnt call everyones name. 老師并沒有點所有人的名。2、“not any-”和no-均表示全否定。例如：He listened, but heard nothing.他聽了聽，但什么也沒聽到。= He listened, but didn

25、t hear anything.You havent called anyone/anybody up, have you? 你沒給誰打過電話，是嗎？= You have called no one/nobody up, have you?八、復合不定代詞作名詞復合不定代詞可以充當名詞用，表示“的事情（東西或人）”。1、someone/somebody, anyone/anybody的意義是“重要人物，大人物”，everyone/everybody意為“最重要的人”，no one/nobody則意指“無關緊要的人，小人物”。例如：2、something，anything的意義是“重要事情（東西

26、）”，everything表示“最重要的事情（東西）”，nothing則指“毫無趣味的事情，無關緊要的東西”。九、合與分的區(qū)別問題1、 someone，anyone，everyone都只能指人，且不和介詞of連用；some one，any one，every one則既可指人又可指物，可與介詞of連用。例如：Anyone should be polite to every one of them.任何人都要禮貌對待他們中的每一個人。-Which toy would you like? -Any one is OK. -你要那個玩具？-隨便。2、no one（=nobody）“沒有人”，只用來指

27、人，通常不和介詞of連用；none“沒有一個”，既可以用來指人也可用來指物。例如：No one can do it better. 沒有人能做得更好。None of these questions is easy, and none of us can even answer any one of them.這些問題沒有一個是容易的，我們中沒有一個人能答出其中的一題?；卮饂ho引導的特殊疑問句時用no one；回答how many引導的特殊疑問句時用none。例如：-Who was late ? -No one. -誰遲到了？-誰也沒有遲到。-How many pigs do you keep

28、? -None. -你養(yǎng)幾頭豬？-一頭也沒養(yǎng)。不定代詞專項練習1He can't hear you, because there is _ noise hereAvery muchBtoo muchCmuch tooDso many2_ name is Han Meimai. AHerselfBHersCSheDHer3All of us were invited, but _ of us cameAneitherBnoneCboth4The weather in Shanghai is different from _ ABaotouBBaotou weatherCthat in B

29、aotouDthose of Baotou5There isn't _ water in the cup.AanyBmanyCsomeDthe6-Is this _ pen? -No, _ is on my desk.Ayour; myByours; myCyour; mineDyours; mine7The bottle is empty. There is _ in it.AanythingBsomethingCnothing8-Look! We have _ sugar. -Really? Let's go and buy some.AfewBa fewClittleDa

30、 little9There isn't _ milk in the fridge. You'd better buy some.AnoBanyCsome10-“There isn't _ water here. Could you get _ for me?”-“All ringht.”Asome; someBany; anyCsome; anyDany; some11Today, _ trees are still being cut down somewhere in the world.Amuch tooBtoo muchCmany tooDtoo many12T

31、here are lots of English books here, and _ of them is easy to understand.AbothBallCeveryDeach13Is the shirt on the bed _ ?AyoursByourCyou14Mr Green taught _ English last year.AourBweCus15These sweaters are too small for me. Please show me _ one.AotherBothersCthe othersDanother16Mary can't go wit

32、h us. _ has to look after _ mother at home.AShe; hisBShe; herCHe; herDHe; His17There isn't _ paper in the box. Will you go and get _ for me?Aany; someBany; anyCsome; someDsome; any18I often help _ .Ahe or sheBhis and herChim and herDhis and hers19There are some trees on _ side of the street.Abot

33、hBallCeitherDevery20“Which of the two dictionaries do you like better?”“I like _ , because they're not useful.”AbothBeitherCallDneither21They were all very tired, but _ of them would stop to take a rest.AanyBsomeCnoneDneither22There were _ people and noise in the park last Sunday.Amany; muchBmuc

34、h; muchCmuch; manyDmany; many23_ of them has a dictionary and _ one of them can look up words in the dictionary.AEach; everyBEvery; eachCEach; eachDEvery; every24Please keep together. We want _ of you to get lost.AnoneBsomeCmanyDany25There is _ water here; but there are quite _ empty glasses. Alittl

35、e; a fewBfew; littleCfew; a fewDlittle; a little26The skirt is _ . She made it _ .Ahers; herselfBher; herselfCherself; hersDherself; her27“Haven't you forgotten _ ?”“ _ ,oh, I forgot my bag.”Aanything; Excuse meBsomething; Excuse meCsomething; PardonDeverything; Pardon28Be quiet! I have _ to tel

36、l you.Aimportant anythingBanything importantCimportant somethingDsomething important29My father is very busy with his work. He has _ time to do the housework.AlittleBfewCa littleDa few30- _ of the boys in Class Four are playing games.-_.AAllBEachCThe bothDNone31The boy promised _ mother never to lie

37、 to _ again.Ahis; himBher; herCher; himDhis; her32“Would you like some milk in your tea?”“Yes, just _ .”AmuchBa littleCa fewDlittle33_ school is much larger than _ .ATheir; ourBTheir; ours CTheirs; oursDTheirs; our34Put it down, Richard. You mustn't read _ letter. Aanyone's else'sBanyone

38、's elseCanyone else'sDanyone else35He found _ very interesting to ride a horse. AthisBthatCitDwhich36Han Meimei, what about _ to eat?AeverythingBsomethingCnothingDanything37_ office is much smaller than _ .AOurs; yours BOur; yoursCTheirs; ourDYour; their38“Help _ to some meat, Mary,”my aunt

39、said to me.AthemselvesBourselvesCyourselfDhimself39There are twenty teachers in this gradeEight of them are women teachers and _ are men teachers.Athe otherBthe othersCothersDother40Though they had cleaned the floor, there was still _ water on it.AlittleBa littleCfewDa few 不定代詞專項練習參考答案1Btoo much只能修飾

40、不可數(shù)名詞， much too 修飾形容詞或副詞， very much可修飾動詞；many只能修飾可數(shù)名詞，不能修飾不可數(shù)名詞。2Dher作物主代詞，意為“她的”，注意her還可作she的賓格。3B句意：“我們都接到邀請，但我們誰沒來?！眓one是all的反義詞，表示“（三者以上的）沒有一個（人或物）?！?Cthat作為代詞。代替主語 weather. A項錯誤在于Baotou與前面的主語 weather不相對應，無法比較。代詞that既可代替不可數(shù)名詞，也可代替單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。5Aany用于疑問句和否定句，some用于肯定句。6Cyour是形容詞性物主代詞，只能作定語修飾名詞； mine是名詞性物主代詞，可作主語、表語和賓語，但不能作定語。 7C空白處填nothing是與前一句的 empty相呼應、吻合的。8C從后一句“去買些糖”可知“糖不多了”。little的意思是“少”，有否定含義，只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞， a little是“一點”，有肯定含義。few和a few是修飾或代替可數(shù)名詞，前者否定，后者肯定。9B肯定句中用some，疑問句和否定句中用an